Abstract: An engine automatic stop and restart control apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes a control unit which stops and restarts an engine, an actual axle torque change speed calculation unit which calculates change speed in actual axle torque that is actually generated when the engine is restarted, an ideal axle torque change speed calculation unit which calculates change speed in ideal axle torque that corresponds to engine torque generated by the engine, a change speed difference calculation unit which calculates a change speed difference that is a difference between the change speed in actual axle torque and the change speed in ideal axle torque, and a vibration suppression control unit which executes a vibration suppression control for applying braking torque based on the change speed difference.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure relate to tetrahydropyrazolopyrimidine compounds that act as antagonists or inhibitors for Toll-like receptors 7 and/or 8, and their use in pharmaceutical compositions effective for treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis

Abstract: A group 13 nitride crystal has a hexagonal crystal structure containing a nitrogen atom and at least one type of metal atom selected from the group consisting of B, Al, Ga, In, and Tl. The group 13 nitride crystal has a basal plane dislocation in a plurality of directions. Dislocation density of the basal plane dislocation is higher than dislocation density of a threading dislocation of a c-plane.

Abstract: A group 13 nitride crystal has a hexagonal crystal structure and at least contains nitrogen atom and at least a kind of metal atoms selected from a group consisting of B, Al, Ga, In, and Tl. The group 13 nitride crystal includes a first region located at an inner side of a cross section intersecting a c-axis, and a second region surrounding at least a part of an outer periphery of the first region, having a thickness larger than a maximum diameter of the first region, and having a carrier density higher than that of the first region.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a group 13 nitride crystal includes a crystal growth process to form the group 13 nitride crystal by growing the group 13 nitride crystal having a hexagonal crystal structure from a seed crystal which is a gallium nitride crystal having a hexagonal crystal structure in which a length “L” in a c-axis direction is 9.7 mm or more, and a ratio L/d of the length “L” to a crystal diameter “d” in a c-plane is larger than 0.813. The crystal growth process includes a process of forming an outer periphery containing a {10-10} plane and an outer periphery containing a {10-11} plane at side surfaces of the group 13 nitride crystal, and forming an outer periphery containing a {0001} plane at a bottom surface of the group 13 nitride crystal.

Abstract: A group 13 nitride crystal having a hexagonal crystal structure and containing at least a nitrogen atom and at least a metal atom selected from a group consisting of B, Al, Ga, In, and Tl. The group 13 nitride crystal includes a first region disposed on an inner side in a cross section intersecting c-axis, a third region disposed on an outermost side in the cross section and having a crystal property different from that of the first region, and a second region disposed at least partially between the first region and the third region in the cross section, the second region being a transition region of a crystal growth and having a crystal property different from that of the first region and that of the third region.

Abstract: A gallium nitride crystal having a hexagonal crystal structure, wherein a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of X-ray rocking curve in a region at a side of one edge in a c-axis direction is smaller than the FWHM in a region at a side of the other edge in the c-axis direction, in at least one of m-plane outer peripheral surfaces of the hexagonal crystal structure.

Abstract: A gallium nitride crystal having a hexagonal crystal structure includes a first region located on an inner side of a cross section intersecting c-axis of the hexagonal crystal structure, and a second region surrounding at least a part of the outer periphery of the first region in the cross section. An emission spectrum of each of the first region and the second region with electron beam or ultraviolet light excitation has a first peak including a band edge emission of gallium nitride and a second peak located in a longer wavelength area than the first peak. A peak intensity of the first peak is smaller than a peak intensity of the second peak in the first region, and a peak intensity of the first peak is greater than a peak intensity of the second peak in the second region.

Abstract: A vehicle control apparatus includes: an automatic-stop-and-restart-control-unit stopping/restarting an engine, a brake-fluid-pressure-control-unit controlling wheel-cylinder-pressure using a brake-system, which intensifies brake-manipulation-force by a brake-booster to cause master-cylinder-pressure in a master-cylinder while the engine operates, and which transfers the master-cylinder-pressure to wheel-cylinders to cause the wheel-cylinder-pressure, the brake-system including an actuator automatically increasing pressure in the wheel-cylinders irrespective of the brake-manipulation-force; a negative-pressure-detection-unit which detects the vacuum-pressure; a first-determination-unit which determines whether the vacuum-pressure is not more than a first threshold while the engine stops, a restarting-unit which allows the automatic-stop-and-restart-control-unit to restart the engine when the first-determination-unit determines that the vacuum-pressure is not more than the first threshold; a second-determinati

Abstract: A large sized bulk crystal is produced which allows to cut out a practical size of crystal substrate. The gallium nitride crystal has features in which a length L of c-axis is 9 mm or more, a crystal diameter d of a cross section orthogonal to the c-axis is 100 ?m, and a ratio L/d of the length L of the c-axis and the crystal diameter d of the cross section orthogonal to the c-axis is 7 or more. By enlarging this elongated needle-like crystal, a bulk crystal with a large volume can be produced, and a large sized bulk crystal can be produced which allows to cut out a practical size of crystal substrate.

Abstract: An engine automatic stop and restart control apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes a control unit which stops and restarts an engine, an actual axle torque change speed calculation unit which calculates change speed in actual axle torque that is actually generated when the engine is restarted, an ideal axle torque change speed calculation unit which calculates change speed in ideal axle torque that corresponds to engine torque generated by the engine, a change speed difference calculation unit which calculates a change speed difference that is a difference between the change speed in actual axle torque and the change speed in ideal axle torque, and a vibration suppression control unit which executes a vibration suppression control for applying braking torque based on the change speed difference.

Abstract: A nitride crystal which encircles an outer periphery of a seed crystal, the nitride crystal in an embodiment includes: a first partial region, and a second partial region that has optical characteristics different from those of the first partial region and has optical characteristics which indicate the crystal orientation.

Abstract: A vehicle control apparatus includes: an automatic-stop-and-restart-control-unit stopping/restarting an engine, a brake-fluid-pressure-control-unit controlling wheel-cylinder-pressure using a brake-system, which intensifies brake-manipulation-force by a brake-booster to cause master-cylinder-pressure in a master-cylinder while the engine operates, and which transfers the master-cylinder-pressure to wheel-cylinders to cause the wheel-cylinder-pressure, the brake-system including an actuator automatically increasing pressure in the wheel-cylinders irrespective of the brake-manipulation-force; a negative-pressure-detection-unit which detects the vacuum-pressure; a first-determination-unit which determines whether the vacuum-pressure is not more than a first threshold while the engine stops, a restarting-unit which allows the automatic-stop-and-restart-control-unit to restart the engine when the first-determination-unit determines that the vacuum-pressure is not more than the first threshold; a second-determinati

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling automatic stop/restart of an engine, includes: an automatic-stop/restart-control-unit which stops/restarts the engine; a brake-pressure-detection-unit which detects brake pressure in a brake system and controls the brake pressure to perform anti-skid control; a first-determination-unit which determines whether the brake pressure is not less than a first-threshold; a second-determination-unit which determines whether the brake pressure is not less than a second-threshold larger than the-first threshold; a stop-allowing-unit which allows the automatic-stop/restart-control-unit to stop the engine while the engine operates, when the first-determination-unit determines that the brake pressure is not less than the first-threshold and the second-determination-unit determines that the brake pressure is less than the second-threshold; and a stop-inhibiting-unit which inhibits the automatic-stop/restart-control-unit from stopping the engine while the engine operates, when the-first-determin

Abstract: To prevent a processing gas from leaking from a processing tank for processing a surface of a substrate and to stabilize flow of the processing gas in a processing space. A substrate 9 is conveyed into the inside of a processing tank 10 through an entrance port 13 by a conveyor 20 and positioned in a processing space 19. A processing gas is supplied to the processing space 19 by a supply system 30, and the substrate 9 is surface processed. Subsequently, the substrate 9 is conveyed out through an exit port 14. Gas inside of the processing tank 10 is exhausted by an exhaust system 40. The exhausting of gas causes gas outside of the processing tank 10 to inflow into the inside of the processing tank 10 through the openings 13, 14 such that an average flow velocity of the inflow gas is at least 0.1 m/sec yet smaller than a velocity that would allow the inflow gas to reach the processing space 19.

Abstract: In atmospheric-pressure plasma processing, fluctuation of a recovery rate or a recovery concentration of a fluorine raw material is restrained to secure stability of processing. Exhaust gas led out from an atmospheric-pressure plasma processing part 2 to an exhaust line 30 is separated by a separation membrane 41 of a separation part 4 into collected gas for a recovered line 50 and release gas for a release line 60. The collected gas is utilized as at least a part of processing gas. At the time of the separation, physical quantity (preferably pressure) of at least two gases of the collected gas, the release gas and the exhaust gas related to the separation are regulated according to flow rate of the processing gas so that either one or both of a recovery rate or a recovery concentration of a fluorine raw material are as desired.

Abstract: An endoscope cover fixing device able to reliably fix the position of a cover to an endoscope without associated damage. The endoscope cover fixing device includes a fixing device main body and a wedge-shaped portion. Insert portions 43a, 44a into which the endoscope 31 is insertable are formed in the fixing device main body 42. The wedge-shaped portion 46 is provided in the insert holes 43a, 44a of the fixing device main body 42 to protrude to the distal end side of the fixing device main body 42. The wedge-shaped portion 46 is inlayed through a proximal end 23 side of the cover 21 into a gap between the endoscope 31 and the cover 21.

Abstract: A lower punch is arranged to be inserted into a cavity of a die from a lower side of the die. A upper punch is arranged to be inserted into the cavity from an upper side of the die to compact the powder filled in the cavity, in cooperation with the lower punch. A feeder supplies the powder into the cavity. A first cam driving system has a first cam for vertically moving the die relative to the lower punch. A second cam driving system has a second cam for vertically moving the upper punch. A third cam driving system has a third cam for moving the feeder forward or backward relative to the cavity. A contact member is connected to the first cam driving system. A stopper is located above or below the contact member and regulates relative vertical movement of the die with respect to the lower punch, in cooperation with the contact member. A fourth cam driving system has a fourth cam for vertically moving the stopper. The first cam, the second cam, the third cam, and the fourth cam are rotated in synchronism.

Abstract: The present invention provides a stage device which does not generate the difference in level between an upper end of a lift pin and a setting surface of a stage in a state where a substrate to be treated is set on the setting surface of the stage, and provides a plasma treatment apparatus which suppresses the occurrence of uneven treatment by using the stage device as an electrode stage. At the center of an electrode stage (2), a spring type lift pin (20) having elasticity in a direction where the pin moves is provided. When the spring type lift pin (20) is at a storage position, a pin upper end (20a) of the spring type lift pin (20) protrudes above the setting surface (11) of the electrode stage (2). When the substrate (4) to be treated is set and adsorbed on the setting surface (11), the upper end of the lift pin is pressed down to the position that is at the same level as that of the setting surface (11) by a load applied by the substrate (4).

Abstract: There is provided a physical random number generation method and a physical random number generator by which safe random numbers can be obtained at high speed. The physical random number generator comprises a laser equipment which irradiates laser light, a frequency discrimination filter which discriminates frequencies of the laser light, an photodetector which converts intensity of laser light into electric signals, an on-off detector or an A/D converter which converts analogue signals output from the photodetector as a detected result into digital data. First, the laser light irradiated from the laser equipment is allowed to pass through the frequency discrimination filter. Transmitted light changes in intensity depending on frequency fluctuations of the laser light. Then, this intensity of the transmitted light is converted into electric signals by the photodetector to be converted into binary random numbers using the on-off detector or the A/D converter.