Abstract: A method for selecting an authentication method, includes: an edge server receiving an authentication method request sent by a terminal, wherein the authentication request request is used for requesting to select any authentication method from n authentication methods; and the edge server sending a first response message to a terminal in response to the authentication method request, wherein the first response message comprises a target authentication method selected from the n authentication methods, and n is a positive integer.

Abstract: A vehicle waypoint determination method includes acquiring an original waypoint sequence of a vehicle in a geodetic coordinate system; converting the original waypoint sequence into an intermediate waypoint sequence in a coordinate system with the origin being a starting waypoint of a way of the vehicle; determining a slope of each waypoint in the intermediate waypoint sequence; and converting, according to the slope of each waypoint in the intermediate waypoint sequence, the intermediate waypoint sequence into a target waypoint sequence in a dead reckoning (DR) coordinate system. According to the method, coordinates of the vehicle in the DR coordinate system can be obtained conveniently and accurately.

Abstract: A key generation method is performed by a first user equipment (UE). The method includes: generating a first root key based on a long term credential; generating, based on the first root key, a second root key of a target function; and generating a session key based on the second root key, wherein the session key is used for control signaling transmission of the target function.

Abstract: An information processing method is performed by a Personal IoT Network Element (PINE), and includes: sending a first request for applying for an operator credential to a Personal IoT Network (PIN) Element with Gateway Capability (PEGC) based on a preconfigured operator public key; receiving a first response returned based on the first request; and obtaining the operator credential carried in the first response based on the operator public key.

Abstract: A method for generating a key, performed by a first user equipment (UE), includes: generating a target-service root key of a target service in a second service type according to a key identifier of a root key of a first service type and a service code of the target service in the second service type.

Abstract: An event processing method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure determines M events, where each event is associated with a priority and a minimum working time, M is an integer greater than 1, and the minimum working time of each event is less than duration of a time slice; processes a first event within a first time slice, where the first event is an event having a highest priority among the M events; and in the case that processing duration of the first event reaches the minimum working time of the first event, determines to continue to process the first event within the first time slice, or determines to interrupt processing of the first event and processes a second event within the first time slice.

Abstract: An authentication method is applied to a first network function, and includes: receiving a first message, wherein the first message is used to trigger an authentication procedure for a first terminal, wherein the first terminal is a terminal that accesses a first serving network and a second serving network respectively through different access types; and determining a second network function or a third network function as a fourth network function for triggering the authentication procedure, wherein the second network function is a network function of the first serving network, and the third network function is a network function of the second serving network.

Abstract: An information processing method, performed by a user equipment (UE). The method comprises: sending a first request message to a first network device, in which the first request message includes identification information for identifying the UE; and receiving a first response message from the first network device, in which the first response message includes a security key for protecting a positioning broadcast message.

Abstract: A communication method based on network slicing, performed by a first network device, comprising: receiving a first request sent from a second network device, wherein the first request is used to request the first network device to process a network slice admission control (NSAC) request related to a number of terminals corresponding to first single network slice selection assistance information (S-NSSAI); and verifying at least one of: whether a total number of terminals registered to a network slice corresponding to the first S-NSSAI reaches a first quota; or whether a proportion of terminals registered to the network slice corresponding to the first S-NSSAI reaches a second quota.

Abstract: A high entropy oxide composition comprises: (i) a first oxide having a formula (I): wherein x is in a range of 0 to less than 3, wherein each of M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5 comprise cations of a different transition metal, and M6 is nothing or at least one additional cation different from M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5, wherein the first oxide has a first phase structure, and (ii) a second oxide having a formula (II): wherein y is in a range of 0 to less than 2, wherein each of M7, M8, M9, M10, and M11 comprise cations of one of the different transition metals, and M12 comprises nothing or at least one additional cation different from M7, M8, M9, M10, and M11, wherein the second oxide has a second phase structure.

Abstract: A method for generating a datagram transport layer security (DTLS) pre-master secret includes: receiving a DTLS message sent by a terminal, in which the DTLS message includes one or more pre-shared key (PSK) identities supported by the terminal; selecting a PSK identity from the one or more PSK identities supported by the terminal; obtaining a key according to the selected PSK identity; and generating a DTLS pre-master secret according to the obtained key.

Abstract: A system and method for secure information processing in direct communication scenarios involving user equipment (UE) devices, including first, relay, and second UEs. The method enables a first UE to send a direct communication request (DCR) to a relay UE, where the DCR includes privacy information comprising identification information (ID) and, optionally, a relay service code (RSC), both encrypted using a key stream derived from a key and parameters such as time-based counters, bearer information, direction indicators, or message length. The relay UE decrypts the received DCR, compares the extracted ID and/or RSC with stored values, and conditionally establishes or aborts a direct communication interface (PC5 link) with the first UE. The relay UE may then forward a second DCR to a second UE, using a similarly encrypted ID and optional RSC. The described techniques enhance privacy and authentication in decentralized UE-to-UE communication environments.

Abstract: A message verification method, applied to a network device, includes: receiving one or more pre-shared key (PSK) identities sent by a terminal via a datagram transport layer security (DTLS); selecting a PSK identity from the one or more PSK identities and obtaining a key based on the PSK identity selected; sending information related to the PSK identity selected to the terminal; and receiving a message authentication code sent by the terminal and verifying the message authentication code according to the key.

Abstract: Scale inhibitor compositions that include at least one polyalkyl phosphonated polyol ether. A method of inhibiting scale that includes contacting an aqueous fluid with a scale inhibitor composition comprising at least one polyalkyl phosphonated polyol ether.

Abstract: An image display method may be applied to the field of electronic devices. The method includes: obtaining a first window and a second window on a first interface, where the first window is a focus window, and the second window is a non-focus window; drawing the first window in a first frame buffer, and drawing the second window in a second frame buffer, where the first window and the second window are drawn by a process of an operating system; compositing the first frame buffer through a first hardware interface layer to obtain a first composite frame, and compositing the second frame buffer through a second hardware interface layer to obtain a second composite frame; and controlling, based on the first composite frame and the second composite frame, a display apparatus to display a second interface.

Abstract: An information processing method is executed by a user equipment (UE), and includes: sending a first request message to a first network device, wherein the first request message comprises a group identifier (ID) and a service code of a ranging/sidelink (SL) positioning application, and receiving a first response message of the first network device, wherein the first response message includes a security key used for protecting an groupcast message associated when the UE performs the ranging/sidelink (SL) positioning application.

Abstract: Exemplary methods for detecting substrate slippage include sweeping a first sensor and a second sensor of an in-situ monitoring system across the substrate as the substrate undergoes polishing with a rotatable platen. A first sequence of signal values from the first sensor and a second sequence of signal values from the second sensor include a signal strength relative to the thickness of the layer. For each signal value of at least some of the first sequence of signal values and second sequence of signal values, the method may include determining a first and second position on the substrate respective. The method may also include activating a slippage alert if: the signal strength varies by 30% or more from the first sequence of signal values to the second sequence of signal values, a position on the substrate for the second signal value cannot be determined, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A method for transmission of a network identifier, performed by a first entity, includes: determining networks currently accessed by a terminal; and sending network identifiers of two networks currently accessed by the terminal to a second entity.

Abstract: A security processing method for relay communication, performed by a user equipment (UE), is provided. The security processing method includes: determining a first key related to a relay service code (RSC); and performing UE-to-UE (U2U) relay communication according to the first key.