Abstract: An apparatus monitors the state of charge (SOC) of a flow battery system. The monitoring method include determining SOCs of at least two pairs of different monitoring positions. A pair of monitoring position may be located inside of an anode electrolyte storage tank (2) and inside of a cathode electrolyte storage tank (3), or inside of an anode electrolyte outlet pipeline (6) of a stack and inside of a cathode electrolyte outlet pipeline (7) of the stack, or inside of an anode electrolyte inlet pipeline (8) of the stack and inside of a cathode electrolyte inlet pipeline (9) of the stack. The SOCsum of the flow battery system is acquired according to the SOCs corresponding to different pair of monitoring positions, respectively. The method ensures acquiring an SOC monitoring result timely and accurately.

Abstract: An apparatus monitors the state of charge (SOC) of a flow battery system. The monitoring method include determining SOCs of at least two pairs of different monitoring positions. A pair of monitoring position may be located inside of an anode electrolyte storage tank (2) and inside of a cathode electrolyte storage tank (3), or inside of an anode electrolyte outlet pipeline (6) of a stack and inside of a cathode electrolyte outlet pipeline (7) of the stack, or inside of an anode electrolyte inlet pipeline (8) of the stack and inside of a cathode electrolyte inlet pipeline (9) of the stack. The SOCsum of the flow battery system is acquired according to the SOCs corresponding to different pair of monitoring positions, respectively. The method ensures acquiring an SOC monitoring result timely and accurately.

Abstract: Technologies for fast distributed storage recovery include a distributed storage system that includes multiple controller nodes and multiple target nodes. Each controller node is coupled to a corresponding target node via a storage fabric. Each target node stores replica data. The system identifies a failed node and a corresponding node that was coupled to the failed node. If the failed node is a controller node, the corresponding node is a target node. If the failed node is a target node, the corresponding node is a controller node. The system instantiates a replacement node, adds the replacement node to the system, and couples the replacement node to the corresponding node. The system may direct a backup target node to copy replica data to the replacement target node via the storage fabric. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed towards techniques and configurations for an apparatus configured to provide I/O classification information in a distributed cloud storage system, in accordance with some embodiments. In one embodiment, the apparatus may include a partition scanner, to scan an image of a virtual disk associated with the storage system, to determine one or more partitions associated with the virtual disk; a file system scanner coupled with the partition scanner, to identify file systems associated with the determined partitions, to access files stored in the identified file systems; and I/O classifier coupled with the file system scanner, to generate I/O classification information associated with the accessed files. The I/O classification information provides characteristics of input-output operations performed on the virtual disk. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.

Abstract: Technologies for managing replica caching in a distributed storage system include a storage manager device. The storage manager device is configured to receive a data write request to store replicas of data. Additionally, the storage manager device is configured to designate one of the replicas as a primary replica, select a first storage node to store the primary replica of the data in a cache storage and at least a second storage node to store a non-primary replica of the data in a non-cache storage. The storage manager device is further configured to include a hint in a first replication request to the first storage node that the data is to be stored in the cache storage of the first storage node as the primary replica. Further, the storage manager device is configured to transmit replication requests to the respective storage nodes. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: Methods of identifying a hot spot from a design layout or of predicting whether a pattern in a design layout is defective, using a machine learning model. An example method disclosed herein includes obtaining sets of one or more characteristics of performance of hot spots, respectively, under a plurality of process conditions, respectively, in a device manufacturing process; determining, for each of the process conditions, for each of the hot spots, based on the one or more characteristics under that process condition, whether that hot spot is defective; obtaining a characteristic of each of the process conditions; obtaining a characteristic of each of the hot spots; and training a machine learning model using a training set including the characteristic of one of the process conditions, the characteristic of one of the hot spots, and whether that hot spot is defective under that process condition.

Abstract: To reduce the cost of ensuring the integrity of data stored in distributed data storage systems, a storage-side system provides data integrity services without the involvement of the host-side data storage system. Processes for storage-side data integrity include maintaining a block ownership map and performing data integrity checking and repair functions in storage target subsystems. The storage target subsystems are configured to efficiently manage data stored remotely using a storage fabric protocol such as NVMe-oF. The storage target subsystems can be implemented in a disaggregated storage computing system on behalf of a host-side distributed data storage system, such as software-defined storage (SDS) system.

Abstract: A method performed by a networking switch in an object storage system. The method includes receiving a first packet from a network comprising an object ID and a data object. The method includes generating a replica for the data object. The method includes generating an object ID for the replica of the data object. The method includes determining a destination storage node for the replica of the data object. The method includes sending a second packet from the networking switch to the destination storage node. The second packet includes the object ID for the replica of the data object and the replica of the data object.

Abstract: Technologies for managing replica caching in a distributed storage system include a storage manager device. The storage manager device is configured to receive a data write request to store replicas of data. Additionally, the storage manager device is configured to designate one of the replicas as a primary replica, select a first storage node to store the primary replica of the data in a cache storage and at least a second storage node to store a non-primary replica of the data in a non-cache storage. The storage manager device is further configured to include a hint in a first replication request to the first storage node that the data is to be stored in the cache storage of the first storage node as the primary replica. Further, the storage manager device is configured to transmit replication requests to the respective storage nodes. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: Technologies for separating control plane management from data plane management for distributed storage in a disaggregated architecture include a compute sled. The compute sled includes a network interface controller and circuitry to receive, through a network and with the network interface controller, a data access request from a compute device. The data access request includes a data payload indicative of an object to be stored. The circuitry is also to map the object to a set of multiple data storage sleds for distributed storage of the object. Additionally, the circuitry is to send, through the network and with a local data bus protocol mapped onto a network protocol, a write request to the mapped data storage sleds to store the object in one or more data storage devices located on each data storage sled. Other embodiments are also described and claimed.

Abstract: In one embodiment, switch-assisted data storage network traffic management in a data storage center consolidates data placement requests and data placement acknowledgements to reduce network traffic. Other aspects are described herein.

Abstract: Technologies for providing efficient distributed data storage in a disaggregated architecture include a compute sled. The compute sled includes a network interface controller and circuitry to receive, through a network and with the network interface controller, a data access request from a compute device. The data access request includes a data payload indicative of an object to be stored. The circuitry is also to map the object to a set of multiple data storage sleds for distributed storage of the object. Additionally, the circuitry is to send a write request with the object and an object identifier to the mapped data storage sleds to store the object in one or more data storage devices located on each data storage sled and concurrently send metadata without the object to one or more other compute sleds associated with the mapped data storage sleds. Other embodiments are also described and claimed.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus, method, and system for programming a multi-cell storage cell group. A non-volatile memory has storage cells. Each storage cell is programmed with information using a plurality of threshold voltage levels and each storage cell is programmed from bits from a plurality of pages. A memory controller is configured to program the storage cells and to organize the storage cells in the non-volatile memory into storage cell groups. Each storage cell group stores a number of bits of information and each of the storage cells in each of the storage cell groups is programmed with the plurality of threshold voltage levels. The memory controller selects bits from the pages to write for one storage cell group and determines at least one threshold voltage level to use for each of the storage cells in the storage cell group to program the selected bits in the storage cell group.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for programming non-volatile memory using a multi-cell storage cell group to provide error location information for retention errors. Each storage cell in the non-volatile memory is programmed with threshold voltage levels and each storage cell is programmed from bits from a plurality of pages. A memory controller organizes the storage cells into storage cell groups, each storing m bits of information programmed with the threshold voltage levels. A determination is made of one threshold voltage level to use for each of the storage cells in the storage cell group to program a selected k bits in the storage cell group with threshold voltage levels defining one of a plurality of valid states. The threshold voltage levels for at least one of the storage cells of the storage cell group in any two valid states differ by at least two threshold voltage levels.

Abstract: A method includes obtaining a sub-layout having an area that is a performance limiting spot, adjusting colors of patterns in the area, and determining whether the area is still a performance limiting spot. Another method includes decomposing patterns in a design layout into multiple sub-layouts; determining for at least one area in one of the sub-layouts, the likelihood of that a figure of merit is beyond its allowed range; and if the likelihood is above a threshold, that one sub-layout has a performance limiting spot. Another method includes: obtaining a design layout having a first group of patterns and a second group of patterns, wherein colors of the first group of patterns are not allowed to change and colors of the second group of patterns are allowed to change; and co-optimizing at least the first group of patterns, the second group of patterns and an illumination of a lithographic apparatus.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and systems for achieving privilege separation are provided herein. In an exemplary method, an operation-applying instruction sent by a first-type client can be received. According to the operation-applying instruction, it can be determined whether an operation corresponding to the operation-applying instruction is able to be executed. When the operation corresponding to the operation-applying instruction is able to be executed, an operation-executing instruction can be sent to a second-type client, such that the second-type client can obtain a privilege for executing the operation, according to the operation-executing instruction. A notifying instruction can be sent to a third-type client, such that the third-type client can obtain a notification that the second-type client has obtained the privilege for executing the operation.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for endurance friendly programming using lower voltage thresholds. A non-volatile memory has storage cells organized as pages programmed using a first number of threshold voltage levels. The storage cells are organized into storage cell groups to which data is written. Each storage cell group is programmed to store a first number of bits of information. A memory controller selects a second number of bits of information from pages less than the first number of bits of information. The memory controller programs the storage cells of the storage cell group using threshold voltage levels from a second number of threshold voltage levels, wherein the second number of threshold voltage levels is less than the first number of threshold voltage levels and comprises a lowest of the first number of threshold voltage levels.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for programming non-volatile memory using a multi-cell storage cell group to provide error location information for retention errors. Each storage cell in the non-volatile memory is programmed with threshold voltage levels and each storage cell is programmed from bits from a plurality of pages. A memory controller organizes the storage cells into storage cell groups, each storing m bits of information programmed with the threshold voltage levels. A determination is made of one threshold voltage level to use for each of the storage cells in the storage cell group to program a selected k bits in the storage cell group with threshold voltage levels defining one of a plurality of valid states. The threshold voltage levels for at least one of the storage cells of the storage cell group in any two valid states differ by at least two threshold voltage levels.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus related to framework and/or methodology for selective caching of Erasure Coded fragments in a distributed storage system are described. In one embodiment, a plurality of fragments of a data object are generated. Each of the plurality of fragments is Erasure Coded (EC) prior to storage at a storage node of a plurality of storage nodes. Each of the plurality of fragments is transmitted with a caching hint to indicate whether that fragment is to be cached at the storage node. Other embodiments are also disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus, method, and system for programming a multi-cell storage cell group. A non-volatile memory has storage cells. Each storage cell is programmed with information using a plurality of threshold voltage levels and each storage cell is programmed from bits from a plurality of pages. A memory controller is configured to program the storage cells and to organize the storage cells in the non-volatile memory into storage cell groups. Each storage cell group stores a number of bits of information and each of the storage cells in each of the storage cell groups is programmed with the plurality of threshold voltage levels. The memory controller selects bits from the pages to write for one storage cell group and determines at least one threshold voltage level to use for each of the storage cells in the storage cell group to program the selected bits in the storage cell group.