Abstract: A method for verifying whether a candidate peer functions as a mesh gate is performed by a network device in a mesh basic service set including the candidate peer. The method includes: providing a record indicates that the candidate peer doesn't function as the mesh gate, when the network device receives a notification from the candidate peer indicating that the candidate peer now functions as the mesh gate, having the network device update the record and start a counting process and verifying whether the candidate peer continues functioning as the mesh gate till the end of the counting process; when the network device doesn't receive an updated notification from the candidate peer indicating that the candidate functions as the mesh gate before the end of the counting process, having the network device send a packet to the candidate peer to verify whether the candidate peer functions as the mesh gate.

Abstract: This invention relates to the isolation, concentration and/or purification of ribonucleic acid (RNA) in aqueous two-phase phase systems. In some embodiments, the present invention provides sample preparation methods, compositions and kit components for the isolation, concentration and/or purification of RNA from fluid mixtures comprising biological materials.

Abstract: Disclosed is a wireless connection method carried out by a network device in a mesh basic service set (MBSS) including N mesh gates. The method includes: when the network device is not one of the N mesh gates and not connected with any of them, allowing the network device to connect with a gate candidate peer in the MBSS and forbidding the network device to connect with a non-gate candidate peer in the MBSS, wherein the gate candidate peer announces that it is or connects with one of the N mesh gates while the non-gate candidate peer does not announce the same thing; and when the network device is one of the N mesh gates or connected with any of them, allowing the network device to connect with any of the gate candidate peer and the non-gate candidate peer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fast and efficient method of isolating nucleic acids in high yield and in high concentration from biological samples, using an aqueous two phase system without the need for instrumentation, whereby the isolated nucleic acids can be used to facilitate the screening, prognosis and monitoring of disease progression.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and a system for the isolation and purification of nucleic acids from nucleic acid-containing material using a modified porous material containing cationic groups in a solid-liquid phase system. In some embodiments, the present invention is capable of obtaining nucleic acids with sufficient purity and quantity in a relatively simple way to enable accurate subsequent analysis or processing. In some embodiments, the liquid phase comprises an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS), comprising a first phase and a second phase, and the solid phase comprises a porous material, wherein the two phases travel through the porous material. In some embodiments, the nucleic acids enter the pores of the porous material and subsequently travel through the porous material while preferentially partitioning into one of the phases.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method/system for preparing encapsulated exosomes from a biological sample containing exosomes, said method comprising: a) dispersing inorganic oxide particles into a buffer solution comprising a polymer and a biological sample comprising exosomes, b) allowing the polymer to react with the inorganic oxide particles to form capsules, wherein the exosomes are inside the capsules. The present disclosure also relates to a method/system for isolating and purifying encapsulated exosomes, said method comprising: a) preparing an aqueous micellar system comprising at least one surfactant, and at least one salt; b) mixing a biological sample containing encapsulated exosomes with the aqueous micellar system from step a); c) allowing the aqueous micellar system to phase separate, wherein the surfactant partitions substantially into one phase, and the other phase has a lower concentration of surfactant; and d) obtaining the encapsulated exosomes from the capsule-rich phase.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a novel material and composition to perform purification and concentration of biological sample or nucleic acid in single step. The present disclosure also relates to a method to use of the same in two phase system to purify and concentrate the target biological materials and/or nucleic acids with an improved detection accuracy for diagnostics performance.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and device for improving the accuracy and performance of detecting or diagnosing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or STI-causing pathogens. In one embodiment, the present method and device are related to removing one or more interfering molecules such as urea from urine sample, where these interfering molecules alter the performance of Lateral-Flow Immunoassay (LFA). In one embodiment, an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) embedded entirely within a porous material allows spontaneous phase separation and the target STI-causing pathogens is concentrated in one of the separated phases. In one embodiment, a detection module such as the Lateral-Flow Immunoassay (LFA) is used in connection with other modules so as to detect or diagnose the sexually transmitted infections or the pathogens associated with STIs with an improved performance.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and device to improve the detection accuracy and performance for diagnosing dental disorders or diseases by improving the sensitivity of the Lateral-Flow Immunoassay (LFA). The present method and device are related to removing the protein interference (impurities) from sample and using aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) embedded entirely within a porous material, allowing spontaneous phase separation and concentration, for detection using the Lateral-Flow Immunoassay (LFA). The present invention also provides a platform technology for screening different types of specimens with increased sensitivity, and screening antibodies for optimal detection in various types of samples.

Abstract: Disclosed is a wireless connection method carried out by a network device in a mesh basic service set (MBSS) including N mesh gates. The method includes: when the network device is not one of the N mesh gates and not connected with any of them, allowing the network device to connect with a gate candidate peer in the MBSS and forbidding the network device to connect with a non-gate candidate peer in the MBSS, wherein the gate candidate peer announces that it is or connects with one of the N mesh gates while the non-gate candidate peer does not announce the same thing; and when the network device is one of the N mesh gates or connected with any of them, allowing the network device to connect with any of the gate candidate peer and the non-gate candidate peer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the technical field of semiconductors, and discloses an image sensor and a manufacturing method therefor. The image sensor includes: a semiconductor substrate; a first active region located on the semiconductor substrate; a doped semiconductor layer located on the first active region; and a contact located on the semiconductor layer, where the first active region includes: a first doped region and a second doped region abutting against the first doped region, wherein the second doped region is located at an upper surface of the first active region, and wherein the second doped region is formed by dopants in the semiconductor layer that are annealed to be diffused to a surface layer of the first doped region. The present disclosure may reduce leakage current and improve device performances.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are devices and methods that use aqueous two phase systems and lateral flow assays to detect target analytes in a sample. These devices and methods may be used to diagnose a disease or condition in a biological sample, such as blood or serum. In addition, these devices and methods may be used to detect allergens in a food samples or contaminants, such as environmental toxins, in water samples. Device and kit components may be conveniently assembled in a portable container and are amenable to actuation in most settings. The devices are simple to use, requiring a non-trained operator to simply add the sample to the device. Conveniently, the time it takes to detect the target analyte is very short. Thus, the devices and methods disclosed herein provide novel and useful means for point-of-care.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for improving the detection and diagnosis targeting biomarkers using an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS). In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for improving a diagnostic procedure involving the detection or quantification of one or more biomarkers in liquid biopsy, the method comprises contacting a porous material embedded with ATPS components with a liquid biopsy containing the biomarkers, purifying and concentrating the target biomarkers, and providing a product comprising the target biomarkers for performing the diagnostic procedure.

Abstract: A method for nuclide bombardment for neutron generation includes providing a nuclide bombardment target. The target has a metallic single-crystalline layer including a metallic element, the single-crystalline layer including lattice channels disposed of therein, and isotopes of a first element, configured as interstitial elements in the lattice channels in the single-crystalline layer. The method also includes positioning the metallic single-crystalline layer with respect to a bombardment apparatus, such that the bombardment apparatus is configured for injecting particles into the metallic single-crystalline layer substantially along the lattice channels of the single crystalline lattice. The method further includes injecting isotopes of a second element into the metallic single-crystalline layer substantially along the direction of the lattice channels, thereby increasing neutron generation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of using aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) for the isolation, concentration and/or purification of short nucleic acid fragment having about or less than 250 base pairs (bp). In one embodiment, the present invention provides a composition and kit for the purification of short nucleic acid fragments having about or less than 250 base pairs from nucleic acid-containing biological materials. In another embodiment, the present invention provides uses of certain salts and/or polymers in a two-phase system for the purification of short nucleic acid fragments having about or less than 250 base pairs from nucleic acid containing biological materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and/or device for improving the separation behaviors and performance of aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) for the isolation and/or concentration of one or more target analytes from a sample. In one embodiment, the present method and device comprise ATPS components within a porous material and one or more phase separation behavior modifying agents that improve the separation behavior and performance characteristics of ATPS, including but not limited to the increasing the stability or reducing fluctuations of ATPS thought the adjustment of total volume of a sample solution that undergoes phase separation, volume ratio of the two phases of the ATPS, fluid flow rates, and concentrations of ATPS components.

Abstract: In various embodiments single-step ATPS paper-based diagnostic assays are provided that exploit the concept of sequential resolubilization of ATPS components to give rise to the desired phase separation behavior within paper. In one illustrative embodiment, a wick is provided for concentrating an analyte within an aqueous two-phase extraction system in a paper, where the wick comprises a paper configured to receive a sample where the paper comprises a first region containing a first component of an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) where the first component is in a dry form, and a second region containing a second component of an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) where the second component is in a dry form; and where said first region and the second region are disposed so that when said wick is contacted with a fluid sample, the first component of said ATPS is hydrated before the second component. In certain embodiments the first and second component are disposed so they are hydrated substantially simultaneously.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the technical field of semiconductors, and discloses an image sensor and a manufacturing method therefor. The method includes: providing a semiconductor structure, where the semiconductor structure includes: a semiconductor substrate, and a first active region located on the semiconductor substrate, the first active region including a first doped region and a second doped region abutting against the first doped region, and the second doped region being located at an upper surface of the first active region; forming a semiconductor layer on an upper surface of the second doped region; and forming a contact connected to the semiconductor layer. The present disclosure enables defects or damages caused when forming the contact to be kept away from a junction field formed by the second doped region and the first doped region. Therefore, leakage current may be reduced and device performances may be improved.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are devices and methods that use aqueous two phase systems and lateral flow assays to detect target analytes in a sample. These devices and methods may be used to diagnose a disease or condition in a biological sample, such as blood or serum. In addition, these devices and methods may be used to detect allergens in a food samples or contaminants, such as environmental toxins, in water samples. Device and kit components may be conveniently assembled in a portable container and are amenable to actuation in most settings. The devices are simple to use, requiring a non-trained operator to simply add the sample to the device. Conveniently, the time it takes to detect the target analyte is very short. Thus, the devices and methods disclosed herein provide novel and useful means for point-of-care.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are devices and methods that use aqueous two phase systems and lateral flow assays to detect target analytes in a sample. These devices and methods may be used to diagnose a disease or condition in a biological sample, such as blood or serum. In addition, these devices and methods may be used to detect allergens in a food samples or contaminants, such as environmental toxins, in water samples. Device and kit components may be conveniently assembled in a portable container and are amenable to actuation in most settings. The devices are simple to use, requiring a non-trained operator to simply add the sample to the device. Conveniently, the time it takes to detect the target analyte is very short. Thus, the devices and methods disclosed herein provide novel and useful means for point-of-care.