Abstract: A thin film transistor array substrate for a liquid crystal display includes an insulating substrate with a display area and a peripheral area surrounding the display area. The peripheral area has an upper region above the display area and a lower region below the display area. Signal lines are formed on the substrate such that the signal lines are bundled into a plurality of blocks. Each block has a predetermined number of signal lines. A plurality of first upper repair lines is formed at the upper peripheral region of the substrate, crossing one or more blocks of the signal lines. A plurality of second upper repair lines is formed at the upper peripheral region of the substrate, crossing all of the signal lines. A plurality of first lower repair lines are formed at the lower peripheral region of the substrate, connected to the corresponding first upper repair lines. The first lower repair lines cross the signal lines crossed by the first upper repair lines.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a flash tank of a two-stage compression heat pump system that can perform cooling and heating with a separate type intercooler and a high-stage compressor protecting device. The system comprises a fluid-level detecting sensor for detecting the fluid-level of the refrigerant, an alarm sensor for notifying the saturated state of the refrigerant filled in the flash tank, an evaporator pressure sensor for measuring and notifying the pressure of the refrigerant flowing into the evaporator, a condenser pressure sensor for measuring and notifying the pressure of the refrigerant flowing out of the condenser, a flash tank fluid-level controller for receiving signals from the above sensors and controlling intermediate pressure and the fluid-level of the flash tank, and a bypass valve controller for controlling a bypass valve that receives signals from the alarm sensor and allowing a refrigerant to directly flow from the low-stage compressor to the high-stage compressor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a transgenic plant or yeast comprising a DNA molecule encoding fungal ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter protein, which confers resistance to, and/or accumulation of heavy metals and herbicides. The invention also relates to methods of producing transgenic plants expressing fungal YHL035C protein, which can be used for removing heavy metals and herbicides from polluted soil or water.

Abstract: A hand-supportable digital imaging-based bar code symbol reading device comprises: an automatic object presence and range detection subsystem; an area-type image formation and detection subsystem having a CMOS area-type image detection array, and narrow-area and wide area image capture modes of operation; an LED-based illumination subsystem having LED arrays, and narrow-area and wide area illumination modes of operation; an automatic light exposure measurement and illumination control subsystem; an image capturing and buffering subsystem; and an image-processing bar code symbol reading subsystem.

Abstract: A flash memory device including memory cells, each memory cell configured to store bits, a sensing circuit configured to sequentially sense, for each memory cell, sets of the bits of the memory cell, a data rearrangement unit configured to receive words of data and to rearrange bits of the words to be stored in the memory cells, and an output circuit configured to output a group of the words using the sets of bits from one sensing, at least as early as during a subsequent sensing of sets of bits.

Abstract: A polishing pad for chemically mechanically polishing a semiconductor wafer comprises a first groove pattern circularly formed on the surface of the polishing pad, and a second groove pattern formed on the surface of the polishing pad while spirally extending from the circular center of the polishing pad to the outside so as to overlap the first groove pattern. The polishing pad further comprises a third groove pattern formed on the surface of the polishing pad while radially extending from the circular center of the polishing pad to the outside so as to overlap the first and second groove patterns. A chemical mechanical polishing apparatus comprises the polishing pad. The polishing pad of the chemical mechanical polishing apparatus has enhanced groove patterns formed on the polishing pad to provide uniform distribution of the slurry, thereby enhancing polishing speed and polishing uniformity.

Abstract: A recording medium and a spare area management method for an optical recording medium are provided. The recording medium includes a spare area including a first spare area and/or an extendable second spare area and a control information area including first and second state information to indicate respectively whether or not the first spare area and the second spare area are in full state, wherein the second state information is set indicate further whether or not the second spare area is assigned.

Abstract: Provided is a double waveguide electroabsorption modulator, in which two spot size converters are integrated between first and second optical waveguides, thereby reducing an insertion loss between an optical fiber and an optical modulator while favorably operating even in high input optical power. Therefore, the electroabsorption modulator can stably operate in higher input optical power while reducing an optical coupling loss and an optical confinement factor (OCF).

Abstract: A circuit for providing power factor correction in accordance with an embodiment of the present application may include a boost converter circuit and a control circuit receiving as inputs a rectified AC input voltage from a rectifier, a signal proportional to current through the boost inductor and the DC bus voltage across the capacitor of the boost converter. The control circuit provides a pulse width modulated signal to control the on time of a PFC switch. The control circuit further includes a voltage regulator and a current regulator.

Abstract: A method of recording data on an optical recording medium includes forming a mark or a space using a recording waveform which includes a DC record pattern, and an erase pattern that includes a multi pulse. According to the method and an apparatus using the method, the distortion of a mark can be prevented and the shape of a mark can be improved, thereby increasing recording/reproducing characteristics.

Abstract: A channel estimation apparatus in a digital communication system includes: a correlation unit for obtaining a correlation function of a first received signal by correlating a received synchronizing signal and a reference synchronizing signal, and obtaining a correlation function of the received synchronizing signal by a correlation between the synchronizing signals, a first estimating unit for estimating a first multi-path by applying a first threshold value to the correlation function of the first received signal, a correlation noise removing unit for obtaining a correlation function of a second received signal by removing correlation noise included in the correlation function of the first received signal, by a first multi-path, and a second estimating unit for estimating a second multi-path by applying a second threshold value to a correlation function of the second received signal in which the correlation noise has been removed.

Abstract: A device isolation film and an active region are formed on a semiconductor substrate, using a first mask pattern to expose only a formation region of the device isolation film. Only the device isolation film is selectively etched by using the first mask pattern and a second mask pattern as an etch mask, to form a fin only on a gate formation region, the second mask pattern to expose only a gate electrode formation region. A gate insulation layer is formed on both sidewalls of the fin and a gate electrode covering the first mask pattern and the gate insulation layer is formed. Source and drain regions are formed on the remaining portion of the active region where the gate electrode was not formed. Gate electrode separation becomes adequate and manufacturing costs can be reduced.

Abstract: A plasma display panel includes designed to improve optical efficiently and to reduce misdischarging between discharge cells. The address electrodes have varying widths so that they are narrow in discharge cells and are relatively wide outside of discharge cells. Discharge gas filling the discharge cells have an elevated Xe content, preferably 10 to 30%. Other variations further include having striped and matrix patterned barrier ribs, forming the discharge sustain electrodes in tabs extending in pairs into the middle of the discharge cells, and varying the width of address electrodes at various locations outside of the discharge cells.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a liquid crystal display includes providing a first substrate having a pixel part and a driving circuit part, forming a gate electrode in the pixel part of the first substrate, forming a first insulation film, a first amorphous silicon thin film and a second amorphous silicon thin film on the first substrate, forming a first conductive film on the first substrate, having the first insulation film, the first amorphous silicon thin film, and the second amorphous silicon thin film, selectively patterning the first conductive film, the second amorphous silicon thin film and the first amorphous silicon thin film to form an active pattern in each of the pixel part and the driving circuit part of the first substrate and source and drain electrodes, crystallizing the first amorphous silicon thin film constituting the active pattern of the driving circuit part, forming a second insulation film on the first substrate, forming a pixel electrode in the pixel part and a gate electrode in the drivi

Abstract: Methods for forming an edge contact on a die and edge contact structures are described. The edge contacts on the die do not increase the height of the die. The edge contacts are positioned on the periphery of a die. The edge contacts are positioned in the saw streets. Each edge contact is connected to one bond pad of each die adjacent the saw street. The edge contact is divided into contacts for each adjacent die when the dies are separated. In an embodiment, a recess is formed in the saw street. In an embodiment, the recess is formed by scribing the saw street with a mechanical cutter. The recess is patterned and contact material is deposited to form the edge contacts.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for testing a liquid crystal display device are provided to detect a defect location precisely and rapidly without requiring a jig. The method includes providing an inspection apparatus as a removable portion of the liquid crystal display device; inspecting the display part of the liquid crystal display device using the inspection apparatus; removing the inspection apparatus from the liquid crystal display device after the inspection is completed; and attaching driving circuits to the liquid crystal display device having the inspection apparatus removed therefrom.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for processing a data call in a private EV-DO wireless network system construct a data location register (DLR) and AN_AAA, which are essential to an EV-DO wireless network configuration, in a private EV-DO wireless network to block an EV-DO terminal from maintaining a public network session and allow the EV-DO terminal to maintain only a private network session within a private area in building the private EV-DO wireless network in an area where security is required, so that the public network connection is not established. Thus, it is possible to prevent information outflow through the Internet with a public EV-DO wireless network connection, to limit private service with respect to a terminal having no permission, and to block in advance illegal information outflow through the Internet with a private EV-DO wireless network connection.

Abstract: A linear voltage regulator provides a regulated load voltage to a load. In a preferred embodiment, the linear voltage regulator includes: a regulating circuit for receiving an input voltage and providing an output voltage to a load, the regulating circuit being driven by a driving voltage; and two resistors connected to each other in series receiving the output voltage and providing an adjusting current to the regulating circuit. The linear voltage regulator is capable of providing a greater current to the load, and having a wide range of input voltages.

Abstract: A light emitting diode (LED). The LED comprises a LED chip comprising an n-type semiconductor layer, a active layer and a p-type semiconductor layer. An n-type ohmic contact electrode and a p-type ohmic contact electrode electrically contact the n-type semiconductor layer and the p-type semiconductor layer respectively. An AlGaInN thick film is on the LED chip, and the AlGaInN thick film has an oblique side and a textured top surface.

Abstract: Disclosed are a battery module of which positive and negative electrodes can be readily discriminated from each other in a short time and a manufacturing process can be simplified, and a battery module using the same. A rechargeable battery includes: an electrode assembly including positive and negative electrodes, and a separator interposed between the positive and negative electrodes; a casing having an opened top face to store the electrode assembly; a cap assembly installed in an upper portion of the casing; an upper connection cap which has a female member and is fixed to the cap assembly; and a lower connection cap which has a male member and is fixed to a lower portion of the casing. The female member may be clinched to the upper connection cap, and the male member may be clinched to the lower connection cap.