Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device comprises a first voltage generation unit, a second voltage generation unit, a first circuit block, and a discharge unit. The first voltage generation unit generates a first voltage with a first magnitude. The second voltage generation unit generates a second voltage with a second magnitude greater than the first magnitude. The first circuit block selectively receives the first voltage or the second voltage through an input node. The discharge unit discharges the input node between a time point where the input node has been charged with the second voltage and a time point where the input node receives the first voltage.

Abstract: A micropower RC oscillator comprises a current generating section including a current source that generates a current; and a variable resistor of which the magnitude is variably set and which is configured by combining resistor elements at a predetermined ratio, the resistor elements having opposite characteristics to each other with respect to a temperature change, the variable resistor adjusting the magnitude of the generated current; a start-up circuit section connected to the current generating section and fixing a bias operating point to a constant value such that the current generating section stably generates a current; a charge and discharge circuit section including a variable capacitor, of which the magnitude is variably set, and a plurality of transistors, the charge and discharge circuit section charging and discharging the variable capacitor by using the current generated from the current generating section and the plurality of transistors; an oscillation signal output section connected to the ch

Abstract: Provided is a printed circuit board having a bump interconnection structure that improves reliability between interconnection layers. Also provided is a method of fabricating the printed circuit board and semiconductor package using the printed circuit board. According to one embodiment, the printed circuit board includes a plurality of bumps formed on a resin layer between a first interconnection layer and a second interconnection layer. The second interconnection layer includes insertion holes corresponding to upper portions of the bumps so that the upper portions of the bumps protrude from the second interconnection layer. The upper portion of at least one of the bumps includes a rivet portion having a diameter greater that the diameter of the corresponding insertion hole to reliably interconnect the first and second interconnection layers.

Abstract: A multilayer mesh structure has multiple mesh layers being stacked on each other, and may have a woven sheet and a covering layer. Each mesh has multiple primary and secondary fibers. The secondary fibers are mounted crossing over and connecting to the primary fibers at multiple bonded intersections to form the mesh. The woven sheet is formed on a surface of the mesh and may be a natural or man-made fiber (such as rayon, nylon cotton or linen fibers) woven sheet. The covering layer is a film material to enclose and hold the multiple mesh layers. When the multilayer mesh structure is used as a shoe-pad or the like, the multilayer mesh structure provides a shoe with the shoe-pad better air permeability and elasticity.

Abstract: In a method and an apparatus for forming metal oxide on a substrate, a source gas including metal precursor flows along a surface of the substrate to form a metal precursor layer on the substrate. An oxidizing gas including ozone flows along a surface of the metal precursor layer to oxidize the metal precursor layer so that the metal oxide is formed on the substrate. A radio frequency power is applied to the oxidizing gas flowing along the surface of the metal precursor layer to accelerate a reaction between the metal precursor layer and the oxidizing gas. Acceleration of the oxidation reaction may improve electrical characteristics and uniformity of the metal oxide.

Abstract: In one aspect, a program method is provided for a flash memory device including a plurality of memory cells each being programmed in one of a plurality of data states. The program method of this aspect includes programming selected memory cells in a first data state, verifying a result of the programming, successively programming selected memory cells in at least two or more data states corresponding to threshold voltages which are lower than a threshold voltage corresponding to the first data state, and verifying results of the successive programming.

Abstract: An antenna device for a portable terminal. The antenna device includes a carrier mounted in a housing of the portable terminal, at least one support extending from the carrier, a main radiator attached onto the carrier and an auxiliary radiator extending from the main radiator and fixed to ends of the supports while being spaced apart from the carrier. Since the antenna device includes the supports extending from the carrier to support the auxiliary radiator extending from the main radiator, the auxiliary radiator can be spaced apart from the carrier and the inner side of the housing of the portable terminal when the antenna device is mounted in the portable terminal. Thus, by reducing interference from a user's body or structures in the housing of the portable terminal, stable radiation performance can be secured.

Abstract: An electrical connector for mating with a plug includes an insulative housing, a number of contacts retained in the insulative housing, a metal shield and at least one metal spring fixed to the metal shield. The metal spring and the metal shield are made of different materials. The metal shield covers the insulative housing to define a receiving cavity formed by a plurality of peripheral walls. One of the peripheral walls defines a slot communicating with the receiving cavity. The metal spring is securely fixed to the peripheral walls and including an engaging arm extending into the receiving cavity through the slot.

Abstract: A segmented collector swab system includes a skewer and a plurality of absorbent pads assembled on the skewer in a kebobbed manner.

Abstract: A package cutting apparatus includes at least two spindles installed at a sawing robot and cutting a frame including a plurality of packages into packages using cutting bits; a frame loading jig loading the frame so that the frame is cut; and a frame-and-unit picker installed at an orthogonal robot to load and unload the frame on and from the frame loading jig, wherein a state of the cutting bit installed at the spindle is checked.

Abstract: A circuit measures current passing through a memory cell in a NAND flash memory. The circuit includes a decoder and an analog mixer. The decoder is configured to select at least one data line coupled to page buffers and column decoders in accordance with a controlling signal. The analog mixer is configured to output current passing through the selected data line, or to couple all of the data lines to a means for measuring current in accordance with a total current measurement controlling signal.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the discovery of a novel family of enzymes designated herein as mRNA interferases that exhibit endoribonuclease activity. The novel finding of the present inventors, therefore, presents new applications for which mRNA interferase nucleic and amino acid sequences, and compositions thereof may be used to advantage. The invention also encompasses screening methods to identify compounds/agents capable of modulating mRNA interferase activity and methods for using such compounds/agents. Also provided is a kit comprising mRNA interferase nucleic and/or amino acid sequences, mRNA interferase activity compatible buffers, and instruction materials.

Abstract: An emission driver may include a first signal processor adapted to receive a clock signal, an input signal and an inverse input signal, and generate a first output signal, a second signal processor adapted to receive the first output signal, an inverse clock signal and negative feedback signals, and generate a second output signal, a third signal processor adapted to receive the second output signal and the input signal, and generate a third output signal that is an inverse of the second output signal based on the input signal, a fourth signal processor adapted to receive the second output signal, and generate a fourth output signal based on the second output signal, the fourth output signal being an inverse signal of the third output signal, and a fifth signal processor adapted to receive the fourth output signal and output a fifth output signal based on a stored predetermined voltage.

Abstract: An electrically erasable and programmable read only memory (EEPROM) device and a method of manufacturing the EEPROM device are provided. First and second gate structures having the same structure are formed on a tunnel insulating layer formed on a substrate, such that the first and second gate structures are spaced apart from each other. A common source region is formed at a portion of the substrate located between the first and second gate structures. First and second drain regions are formed at first and second portions of the substrate adjacent to the first and second gate structures, respectively. Thus, the EEPROM device is manufactured including first and second transistors that have the same structure and may alternately serve as a memory transistor and a selection transistor according to an applied signal.

Abstract: A dual side display includes reflection and transmission pixels for displaying an image on both sides of the display. A reflection film provided in a reflection pixel region is extended up to a transmission storage capacitor formation region of a transmission pixel such that the aperture ratio of the reflection pixel is enhanced. An upper storage electrode connected to a transmission storage line is formed between the reflection film and a lower storage electrode of the transmission storage capacitor to prevent a coupling phenomenon between the reflection film and the lower storage electrode and a resulting signal distortion.

Abstract: An emission driver may include a first signal processor adapted to receive a clock signal, an input signal and an inverse input signal, and to generate a first output signal, a second signal processor adapted to receive the first output signal, an inverse clock signal and negative feedback signals, and to generate a second output signal, a third signal processor adapted to receive the second output signal and the input signal, and to generate a third output signal that is an inverse of the second output signal, a fourth signal processor adapted to receive the third output signal, and to generate a fourth output signal that is an inverse of the third output signal, and a fifth signal processor adapted to receive the fourth output signal, and to output a fifth output signal that is an inverse of the fourth output signal, wherein the negative feedback signals include the fourth and fifth output signals.

Abstract: An emission driver may include a first signal processor adapted to receive a clock signal, an input signal and an inverse input signal, and to generate a first output signal, a second signal processor adapted to receive the first output signal, an inverse clock signal and negative feedback signals, and to generate a second output signal, a third signal processor adapted to receive the second output signal and the input signal, and to generate a third output signal that is an inverse signal to the second output signal, and a fourth signal processor adapted to receive the third output signal, and to generate a fourth output signal that is an inverse of the third output signal based on the third output signal, wherein the negative feedback signals include the third output signal and the fourth output signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for automatic gain control (AGC) before an initial synchronization of a mobile station modem in OFDM system, and an apparatus thereof The AGC apparatus includes: an initial synchronization inspector that verifies whether an initial synchronization for an input block sample (k) signal has been performed; a frame divider that divides a frame into predetermined intervals B(k) for the input block sample(k) signal in the case that the initial synchronization has not been performed; a reference value inspector that compares a difference value Pref?Pcalc, between a predetermined reference value Pref and sample data average energy Pcalc, with a predetermined value; a count controller that increases or decreases the count when the difference value Pref?Pcalc compared by the reference value inspector is greater or less than the predetermined value; a count inspector that inspects whether the count is greater or less than 0 when the input block sample (k) reaches a maximum value

Abstract: A method for programming a flash memory device is provided, where the flash memory device includes a plurality of memory cells, and where a threshold voltage of each of the memory cells is programmable in any one of plural corresponding data states.

Abstract: A water-cooled air conditioner includes a first heat exchanger where indoor air is heat-exchanged with refrigerant, a compressor for compressing the refrigerant, an accumulator that is installed adjacent to the compressor to filter off liquid-phase refrigerant so that only gas-phase refrigerant can be introduced into the compressor, a plate-shaped second heat exchanger where the refrigerant compressed by the compressor is heat-exchanged with the water, and a refrigerant bypassing unit that selectively operates to allow a portion of the refrigerant compressed in the compressor to be directly returned to the second heat exchanger.