Abstract: A write-once optical disc and a method and apparatus for recording management information on the optical disc are provided. The optical disc includes at least one recording layer and a plurality of temporary defect management areas (TDMAs) on the at least one recording layer. At least one of the TDMAs includes an indicator indicating which one of the TDMAs has an in-use status.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device with enhancements of electrical characteristics. The method includes sequentially forming a lower electrode and an insulating layer on a semiconductor substrate, dry-etching a region of the insulating layer corresponding to a capacitor forming region so that the lower electrode is not exposed, forming an inter-insulating layer by wet-etching the insulating layer so that a region of the lower electrode corresponding to the capacitor forming region is exposed, and sequentially forming a dielectric layer and an upper electrode on the capacitor forming region to fabricate a capacitor.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display panel having an effective area and a non-display area, and a temperature sense pattern provided within the non-display area of the liquid crystal display panel.

Abstract: A fuel cell system is provided which produces improved reaction speed and performance. The fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack including an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte membrane disposed therebetween. A fuel tank supplies hydrogen-based fuel to the anode of the fuel cell stack, and an oxidant supplying unit adds ozone to oxygen- including air supplies it to the cathode of the fuel cell stack. The ozone supplied to the cathode of the fuel cell stack accelerates a reaction speed in the fuel cell stack, thereby producing a relatively high current density and improving fuel cell performance.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of dispensing small-scale powders for a variety of applications, including, for example, fabricating a three-dimensional heterogeneous small-scale device, includes using a feed mechanism that causes motion of the powder particles and the steps of depositing fine heterogeneous materials (such as dry powders and biological materials) towards a substrate. The depositing step preferably includes providing a feed mechanism having an input to receive the material, an output, and a source of ultrasonic vibration to impart a torsional force on the material so as to precisely discharge the material from the output. To improve particle flowability, a cooling system is provided to cool the source, generally above a threshold input voltage.

Abstract: Disclosed is a dispenser of an icemaker in a refrigerator for maximizing an inner space when a total size is the same, and for minimizing the total size when the inner space is the same. The dispenser of the icemaker in the refrigerator includes an ice chute being a passage through which the ice produced from the icemaker is discharged; and a container supporter provided at an outer case and disposed to be perpendicular to an outer surface of the outer case when the ice is discharged outside through the ice chute, the contain supporter allowing a container seated thereon to receive the ice discharged from the ice chute. The ice chute is closed and not exposed outside when the ice-discharging process is finished, and the container supporter is not exposed to the outer surface of the outer case.

Abstract: The present invention provides a device and method for safely applying cyanoacrylate or other adhesives to skin lacerations.

Abstract: A liquid crystal dispensing apparatus includes a container containing liquid crystal material; a discharge pump drawing in and discharging the liquid crystal material; a nozzle dispensing, onto a substrate, liquid crystal material discharged by the discharge pump; and a detector arranged near the nozzle to detect the presence of residual liquid crystal material accumulated on the surface of the nozzle. When the presence of residual liquid crystal material is detected, a dummy dispensing operation and/or a cleaning operation may be performed to remove the residual liquid crystal material.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting device comprising a transparent substrate, an anode layer, a cathode layer, organic functional layers sandwiched between the anode layer and the cathode layer, and an encapsulation layer fabricated on one side or both sides of the device, wherein the encapsulation layer includes a thin multilayer structure and a thick organic insulation layer. The thin multilayer structure has a period number (n) of alternating layers formed of a polymer material layer and a ceramic material layer. The thick organic insulation layer is made up of polymer materials on top of the thin multilayer.

Abstract: The invention includes a liquid crystal display panel including spacers and a method of making this panel. The spacers, which are positioned in the liquid crystal-filled gap between a first substrate and a second substrate, provide support to the substrates and prevent the substrate from bending when the device is used as a touch screen panel. By preventing the bending of the device, the spacers help prevent the undesirable ripple effect suffered by liquid crystal devices. In order to minimize the amount of light blocked by the spacers, the spacers are formed in a region where light is substantially intercepted anyway, such as in a contact hole. A black matrix layer is formed on the spacers. The spacers may be distributed unevenly between the substrates, depending on how much force each of the spacers will have to absorb in each area of the panel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for providing a moblog-based regional community service through a mobile terminal. The system includes a location-based community server for setting a plurality of main arenas by dividing a geographical area in a regional unit, setting and storing one or more virtual spatial locations, the one or more virtual spatial locations being a projection of real spatial public locations, as spots in one of the main arenas, receiving information on posts registered in spots transmitted through a mobile terminal by providing one or more pieces of information on the spots belonging to the main arena from information on a location of the mobile terminal to the mobile terminal, and storing the received information on posts with a link with the spots.

Abstract: Ion channel modulating compounds are disclosed. The compounds of the present invention may be incorporated in compositions and kits. The present invention also discloses a variety of in vitro and in vivo uses for the compounds and compositions, including the treatment of arrhythmia and the production of analgesia and local anesthesia.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a liquid crystal display that compensates an hourglass phenomenon using a backlight unit. The liquid crystal display includes a liquid crystal panel, a polarizer adhered to the liquid crystal panel, and a backlight unit including a diffuser sheet. A predetermined region of the diffuser sheet facing a region of the polarizer, where an hourglass phenomenon occurs, is formed to permit a smaller quantity of light to be transmitted therethrough than other regions of the diffuser sheet. With this construction, the liquid crystal display can avoid the hourglass phenomenon from being observed by a viewer, and prevent non-uniform brightness while improving image quality.

Abstract: A plurality of memory modules are vertically stacked on a printed circuit board (PCB). Each memory module includes a socket located on a longitudinal side to receive an overlying memory module in the stack. Each memory module also includes a connecter underneath the socket to be inserted into a socket of an underlying memory module or the PCB. The front side of each memory module in the stack is substantially parallel to the front side of the PCB.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a flame retardant rubber-modified styrene resin composition having excellent flame resistance for dripping without containing halogens and phenylene ether, which comprises A) 100 weight part of a rubber-modified polystyrene; B) 1˜10 weight part of a phosphoric ester compound; and C) 0.1˜10 weight part of an aliphatic amide compound. The flame retardant rubber-modified styrene resin composition of the present invention has flame resistance at the level of UL-94 V-2 and excellent impact resistance, heat resistance and fluidity.

Abstract: A mask read-only memory (ROM) includes a dielectric layer formed on a substrate and a plurality of first conductive lines formed on the dielectric layer. A plurality of diodes are formed in the first conductive lines, and a plurality of final vias are formed for a first set of the diodes each representing a first type of memory cell, with no final via being formed for a second set of diodes each representing a second type of memory cell. Each of a plurality of second conductive lines is formed over a column of the diodes.

Abstract: A thin film transistor (TFT) substrate for a liquid crystal display is provided. The thin film transistor substrate includes: a plurality of gate lines and a plurality of data lines that cross each other and define a plurality of sub-pixels; and a plurality of unit pixels in which first and second unit pixels are alternately formed in a direction of the gate lines and first and second unit pixels are formed vertically in a direction of the data lines, wherein the first unit pixel includes three sub-pixels and the first electrodes are slanted with respect to the gate lines and the data lines in each sub-pixel, the second unit pixel includes three sub-pixels and the second electrodes are a slanted with respect to the gate lines and the data lines in each sub-pixel, and the slant of the second electrodes is symmetrical to the slant of the first electrodes.

Abstract: A plasma display panel that is capable of reducing power consumption and improving exhaust efficiency.

Abstract: The subject invention is directed to new and useful neurostimulation systems that include an implantable pulse generator dimensioned and configured for implantation in the skull of a patient. The implantable pulse generator has an electrode operatively associated with a distal end portion thereof and can be provided with adjustment means, such as an adjustable biasing member or spring arranged between the electrode to the distal end portion of the pulse generator. The subject invention is also directed to systems involving networked neurostimulators that are configured and adapted to work jointly in accordance with prescribed treatment protocol to effect a desired recovery from brain injury. Such networked neurostimulation systems are particularly advantageous for effecting relatively large and/or relatively distant regions of the brain. The subject invention is further directed to systems and methods for motor-evoked potential (MEP)-based neuromodulation.