Abstract: A computer system has a normal mode for performing its work in a normal and regular manner and a standby mode which progresses to a power saving mode after storing information about the state of the work in process in a memory.

Abstract: An integrated circuit device includes a gate electrode formed on an active region of an integrated circuit device and on a field isolation layer adjacent to the active region. A source region and a drain region are in the active region on alternate sides of the gate electrode. At least one buried insulation layer is beneath the drain region or the source region.

Abstract: An adaptive modulation scheme relating to an RA problem for maximizing the transmission rates of all users for maximum transmission rates in an OFDMA system including some users requiring to use services at fixed data rates. The scheme proposes introduction of an adaptive modulation using linear programming into an existing scheme for a system including a single kind of users, thereby enabling simultaneous execution of the adaptive modulation for all users in a system including two kinds of users. Further, the invention proposes another scheme of sequentially allocating subchannels to the users when the fixed transmission rate has a sufficiently small value, in order to reduce the complexity.

Abstract: An optical disk player with improved opening and closing of a door, transport of a tray, and an improved pivoting structure of a chassis to pivot a turntable. The optical disk player includes: a body; a tray to move in and out of the body so as to transport an optical disk; a chassis installed to pivot inside the body; an optical pickup, which is installed to be able to move back and forth in the chassis, to record/reproduce information onto/from the optical disk that is rotatably placed on the turntable; a cover installed on a front of the body, the cover including: a door holder with an aperture through which the tray moves; a door to be able to slide along the door holder so as to open and close the aperture; and a cam driving device to activate the tray, to pivot the chassis, and to open and close the door by sliding.

Abstract: A disk drive including a tray on which a disk cartridge is mounted and is loaded into and unloaded from a main body; a guide formed on the tray; and an opening and closing member installed to be elastically connected to the guide. The opening and closing member has a second gear that rotates a rotating wheel by meshing with a first gear; and a first protrusion formed on one end of a second gear and to temporarily rotate the rotating wheel so that the first and second gears can mesh. The guide pushes the first protrusion during loading/unloading of the tray so that the first protrusion and the latch do not come in contact with each other.

Abstract: An optical disc includes a substrate having micro-embossments, in which flat portions referred to as lands, and track guides, referred to as hills, and which protrude from the surfaces of the flat portions are formed. A reflective layer is formed on the substrate, a dielectric layer is formed on the reflective layer, a recording layer is formed on the dielectric layer, and a protective layer is formed on the recording layer. Thus, the lands and hills on the substrate of the optical disc enable disc fabrication to more easily facilitate manufacturing of the optical disc. Accordingly, tracks of the disc can be narrowed, to thereby enhance a recording density of the optical disc.

Abstract: A disk drive including a tray and an opener. The tray includes a disk cartridge mounted thereon and is loaded into and unloaded from a main body. The opener is installed in the main body and elastically contacts a guide formed on the tray. The opener includes a second gear and a first protrusion. The second gear rotates a rotating wheel when in contact with a first gear. The first protrusion formed on a first end of the second gear temporarily rotates the rotating wheel so that the first and second gears can mesh. The guide has a first cam that moves the opener such that the first protrusion does not interfere with the latch when the tray is loaded/unloaded.

Abstract: Cell search method in an asynchronous mobile communication network suitable for reducing a hardware complexity and a power consumption of a mobile terminal by improving a cell search method suggested to ETSI(European Telecommunications Standards Institute) presently, method including the steps of (a1) the user device obtaining a slot synchronization for every slot assigned to the first and second synchronization channels using the first synchronization signal transmitted from the base station, and detecting a position of an omitted synchronization code when there is the omitted synchronization code from a plurality of synchronization codes in the first synchronization signal, (b1) searching for a starting point of each frame assigned to the first and second synchronization channels and one base station group the base station is in use by using the second synchronization signal, and (c1) the user device determining a code for identifying the base station among the second codes used by the base station group fr

Abstract: In the ICI cancellation method for OFDM communication system, a receiver performs channel estimation using pilot subcarriers included in transmission signals transmitted from at least one transmitter. The transmitter generates the transmission signal in which pilot subcarriers and data subcarriers are regularly arranged, performs preceding on the transmission signal, modulates the pre-coded transmission signal into an OFDM symbol, and transmits the OFDM symbol. The receiver receives the OFDM symbol; demodulates the OFDM symbol, detects the pilot subcarriers from a demodulated signal, estimates channels using the pilot subcarriers, and restores the transmission signal using the estimated channels.

Abstract: A communication method in an FH-OFDM communication system having a plurality of BSs is provided. A predetermined number of pilot pattern groups are generated, each pilot pattern group having a predetermined number of different pilot patterns for pilot transmission. The pilot patterns in each of the pilot pattern groups are mapped to different FH sequence sets. The pilot patterns and FH sequence sets are assigned to the BSs so that MSs within the service areas of the BSs can identify the BSs.

Abstract: A code acquisition device securing reliable code acquisition and reducing a time required for a code acquisition procedure. In the device, a sampler samples an input signal, and a searcher continuously searches for a spreading code used for the sampled signal until the phase of the spreading code is acquired. A verifier verifies whether the phase of the spreading code used for the sampled signal is acquired, according to the search result of the searcher. The searcher initializes and restart the verifier whenever the phase of the spreading code is searched.

Abstract: A system for estimating a traffic rate of calls in system environments providing wireless personal communication services on an open queuing network includes modules that have functions of making three sets of nodes, “log_off”, “log_on” and “active” according to the status of communication terminal equipment, observing the number of “log_on” and “active” terminals by minimum areas of each wireless personal communication service, and predicting traffic probability by minimum areas.

Abstract: An optical disc includes a substrate having micro-embossments, in which flat portions referred to as lands, and track guides, referred to as hills, and which protrude from the surfaces of the flat portions are formed. A reflective layer is formed on the substrate, a dielectric layer is formed on the reflective layer, a recording layer is formed on the dielectric layer, and a protective layer is formed on the recording layer. Thus, the lands and hills on the substrate of the optical disc enable disc fabrication to more easily facilitate manufacturing of the optical disc. Accordingly, tracks of the disc can be narrowed, to thereby enhance a recording density of the optical disc.

Abstract: An actuator for an optical pickup having a base on which a holder is fixed, a bobbin, a support member, and a magnetic circuit. Pluralities of installation holes are formed in the bobbin such that a plurality of objective lenses to record and/or reproduce optical discs having different recording densities are installed at different heights. The support member has one end coupled to the bobbin and the other end coupled to the holder movably supports the bobbin. The magnetic circuit drives the bobbin in focusing and tracking directions. The magnetic circuit is divided into a first magnetic circuit to drive the objective lenses in the focusing direction, and a second magnetic circuit to drive the objective lenses in the tracking direction, thereby reducing the weight of a moving portion.

Abstract: An actuator for an optical pickup having a base on which a holder is fixed, a bobbin, a support member, and a magnetic circuit. A plurality of installation holes are formed in the bobbin such that a plurality of objective lenses to record and/or reproduce optical discs having different recording densities are installed at different heights. The support member has one end coupled to the bobbin and the other end coupled to the holder movably supports the bobbin. The magnetic circuit drives the bobbin in focusing and tracking directions. The magnetic circuit is divided into a first magnetic circuit to drive the objective lenses in the focusing direction, and a second magnetic circuit to drive the objective lenses in the tracking direction, thereby reducing the weight of a moving portion.

Abstract: Metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) transistors having elevated source/drain regions and methods of fabricating the same are provided. The MOS transistors may include a gate pattern formed to cross over a predetermined region of a substrate. Recessed regions are provided in the substrate adjacent to the gate pattern. Epitaxial layers are provided on bottom surfaces of the recessed regions. High concentration impurity regions are provided in the epitaxial layers. The recessed regions may be formed using a chemical dry etching techniques.

Abstract: A disk cartridge which includes a case having an upper wall, a lower wall, and a sidewall, which form an inner receiving space in which a disk is inserted, an opening formed in at least one of the upper wall and lower wall of the case to allow a recording/reproducing unit of a disk drive to access the disk therethrough, and an inlet hole formed at the sidewall of the case to allow the disk to be inserted into and withdrawn from the case therethrough.

Abstract: A field effect transistor includes a vertical fin-shaped semiconductor active region having an upper surface and a pair of opposing sidewalls on a substrate, and an insulated gate electrode on the upper surface and opposing sidewalls of the fin-shaped active region. The insulated gate electrode includes a capping gate insulation layer having a thickness sufficient to preclude formation of an inversion-layer channel along the upper surface of the fin-shaped active region when the transistor is disposed in a forward on-state mode of operation. Related fabrication methods are also discussed.

Abstract: Disclosed is an adaptive receiving MIMO (multi input and multi output) system and method which decides a symbol detecting order so as to estimate the symbol having the minimum summation of weights of least square errors at the time of estimating the symbol for respective equalizers provided in parallel by the number of transmit antennas, and updates filter tap coefficients based on the RLS algorithm according to the detecting orders. Therefore, the filter tap coefficients are directly updated without tracking channels in the time-varying channel environment, and accordingly, detection performance very similar to those of the channel tracking and conventional V-BLAST scheme is provided with reduced complexity.

Abstract: A method of forming a semiconductor device may include forming a fin structure extending from a substrate. The fin structure may include first and second source/drain regions and a channel region therebetween, and the first and second source/drain regions may extend a greater distance from the substrate than the channel region. A gate insulating layer may be formed on the channel region, and a gate electrode may be formed on the gate insulating layer so that the gate insulating layer is between the gate electrode and the channel region. Related devices are also discussed.