Abstract: A client apparatus and method using a multimedia streaming service supporting technology that controls streaming communication with a streaming server on the basis of a buffer level independently from a pause/resuming input of a user are provided. The method includes: measuring a buffer level of a buffer of a streaming client which temporarily stores streaming data received from a streaming server; and controlling, independently from a user's input, streaming communication with the streaming server according to the measured buffer level.

Abstract: Disclosed are a light emitting device, a method of manufacturing the same, a light emitting device package, and a lighting system. The light emitting device includes a conductive support member, a light emitting structure layer including a first conductive semiconductor layer, an active layer, and a second conductive semiconductor layer on the conductive support member, and an electrode on the light emitting structure layer. The conductive support member has a curved lateral surface recessed inward.

Abstract: A trim circuit comprises a trim code storage unit, a global latch unit and a local latch unit. The trim code storage unit stores a plurality of trim codes and outputs a sensing code in response to an address signal. The global latch unit latches a calibrated code or the sensing code to generate a global output signal. The calibrated code is generated by performing a calibration on the sensing code. The local latch unit repeatedly latches the global output signal in response to the address signal to generate a plurality of trim output signals.

Abstract: A successive approximation analog/digital converter includes a sample & hold part sampling and holding an intensity of an analog input signal using a single clock cycle of a clock signal; a first comparator comparing the intensity of the analog input signal with comparison voltages determined according to estimated digital values per clock cycle following an operating clock cycle of the sample & hold part; a second comparator comparing the intensity of the analog input signal with a value equal to ½ of a preset reference voltage in the latter half of the operating clock cycle of the sample & hold part; a successive approximation register determining a value of an MSB of a digital value to be converted according to the comparison result of the second comparator and values of bits successive to the MSB according to the comparison result of the first comparator, and generating the estimated digital values by applying estimated values to undetermined bits; and a digital/analog converter generating the

Abstract: Provided is a switched capacitor resonator including at least one integrator circuit having a differential operational amplifier and a sub feedback circuit configured with a switched capacitor circuit. A main feedback circuit connecting main input and output terminals of the switched capacitor resonator to each other may be configured with the switched capacitor circuit. The main feedback circuit may be connected to the sub feedback circuit included in one of the integrator circuits. A capacitor of the main feedback circuit can serve as an integration capacitor connected between the input and output terminals of the differential operational amplifier. Consequently, it is possible to improve an operating speed by reducing a settling time constant of the integrator circuit.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device performs a program operation on selected memory cells by determining a level of a program voltage based on a degree of deterioration of the memory cells, and executing the program operation using the program voltage.

Abstract: A display driver device and a temperature sensor of a display driver device are provided. The temperature sensor includes a proportional voltage generating unit, and a sensing signal output unit. The proportional voltage generating unit generates a first proportional voltage, which is proportional to a temperature, and a second proportional voltage, which is inversely proportional to the temperature. The sensing signal output unit outputs a sensing signal by amplifying a voltage difference between the first and second proportional voltages. A sensing signal may vary linearly according to the temperature.

Abstract: A display device includes a source driver. The source driver includes a power supply and a gamma voltage output unit. The power supply generates a power supply voltage and a plurality of reference voltages. The power supply voltage is stabilized in a power-up operating mode. The plurality of reference voltages are stabilized after a stabilization time period has elapsed in the power-up operating mode. The gamma voltage output unit generates a plurality of gamma voltages using the power supply voltage for the stabilization time period in the power-up operating mode, and generates the plurality of gamma voltages using the plurality of reference voltages after the stabilization time period has elapsed.

Abstract: A pad area and a method of fabricating the same, wherein the pad area is formed on a substrate to contact a chip on glass (COG) or a chip on flexible printed circuit (COF) with the substrate. Changing a lower structure of the pad area increases contact points between conductive balls and an interconnection layer or reduces a step difference between an interconnection layer and a passivation layer to enhance and ensure electrical connection.

Abstract: Disclosed are a light emitting device, a method of manufacturing the same, a light emitting device package, and a lighting system. The light emitting device includes a conductive support member, a light emitting structure layer including a first conductive semiconductor layer, an active layer, and a second conductive semiconductor layer on the conductive support member, and an electrode on the light emitting structure layer. The conductive support member has a curved lateral surface recessed inward.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device includes a command decoder configured to generate a read/write flag signal in response to a read/write command and to generate a reprogram flag signal in response to a reprogram command, and a read/write circuit configured to control reading and writing operations in a memory cell array. The device further includes a read/write controller configured to cause the read/write circuit to perform a reading/writing operation in response to the read/write flag signal provided from the command decoder, and a reprogram controller configured to cause the read/write controller to perform a reprogramming operation in response to the reprogram flag signal. Methods of reprogramming a memory device include determining whether the memory device is in a busy state, delaying a reprogramming operation if the memory device is in a busy state, and executing the reprogramming operation when the memory device has turned to a standby state from the busy state.

Abstract: Disclosed is a nonvolatile memory device and programming method of a nonvolatile memory device. The programming method of the nonvolatile memory device includes conducting a first programming operation for a memory cell, retrieving original data from the memory cell after the first programming operation, and conducting a second programming operation with reference to the original data and a second verifying voltage higher than a first verifying voltage of the first programming operation.

Abstract: A method of reading data in a non-volatile memory device based on the logic level of a selection bit of an address, determines an order of reading a first and second bits of data stored in one multi-level memory cell corresponding to the address based on the logic level of the selection bit, and senses and outputs the first and second bits of data according to the determined order of reading. The method of reading data in a non-volatile memory device and the method of inputting and outputting data in a non-volatile memory device may reduce the initial read time by selecting the order of reading the first and second bits of data stored in the multi-level memory cell and reading the data according the order based on the start address.

Abstract: A flash memory device includes a flash memory cell array having flash memory cells arranged with word and bit lines, a word line driver circuit configured to drive the word lines at a selected step increment during a programming operation, a bulk-voltage supply circuit configured to supply a bulk voltage into a bulk of the flash memory cell array and a writing circuit configured to drive the bit lines selected by conditions during a programming operation. A control logic block is configured to control the writing circuit and the bulk-voltage supply circuit during the programming operation. The control logic block is configured to cause the writing circuit and/or the bulk-voltage supply circuit to change at least one of the conditions of the writing circuit and/or the bulk voltage responsive to the selected step increment.

Abstract: A flash memory device includes a program data buffer configured to buffer program data to be programmed in a memory cell array, and a verify data buffer configured to compare verify data to confirm whether the program data is accurately programmed in the memory cell array, wherein at least a portion of the verify data buffer is selectively enabled as a verify data buffer or a program data buffer responsive to a buffer control signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lithium secondary battery, which is low in capacity loss after overdischarge, having excellent capacity restorability after overdischarge and shows an effect of preventing a battery from swelling at a high temperature.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display includes a first substrate having a thin film transistor and a pixel electrode, a second substrate disposed to face the first substrate, an electrophoretic membrane interposed between the first and second substrates, and an optical member between the second substrate and the electrophoretic membrane, the optical member being configured to reflect light incident thereon, and a surface of the electrophoretic membrane facing the optical member being conformal to a shape of the optical member.

Abstract: A light guide plate for an LCD back light unit has a rear surface formed with a main prism portion including a plurality of prisms, and a front surface formed with a front-lens part including a plurality of optical members such as lenticular lenses or microlenses so as to improve visibility of a predetermined pattern of the main prism part, and a liquid crystal display device using the light guide plate.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a spalling-preventing composite material composed of fiber and powder, which have different diameters and melting points so as to be capable of realizing the effect of preventing spalling of high-strength concrete and the effect of improving the fluidity of concrete, and a high-strength refractory concrete comprising the spalling-preventing material. The composite material for preventing spalling of high-strength concrete is composed of powder and fiber at 1:1-3, wherein the powder is a polymer powder having a diameter of 0.10-0.5 mm and a melting point of 110-150° C., and the fiber is a conjugate fiber including a first fiber having a diameter of 0.05-0.10 mm, a length of 5-25 mm and a melting point of 150-190° C., and a second fiber having a diameter of 0.01-0.05 mm, a length of 5-25 mm and a melting point of 190-250° C., the first fiber being a polypropylene fiber, and the second fiber being a nylon fiber or a polyvinyl alcohol fiber.

Abstract: Methods and corresponding systems for controlling a light fixture include a memory for storing data and software. A multi-tap capacitor has a plurality of tap capacitors integrated into a capacitor housing. A plurality of switches are each coupled to one of the plurality of tap capacitors for selectively coupling the tap capacitors together to produce a variable multi-tap capacitance. A processor is coupled to the memory and the switches to facilitate: detecting a trigger for changing a lumen level output by the light fixture; determining a new lumen level in response to the trigger; determining a capacitance value that corresponds to the new lumen level; and configuring the plurality of switches to produce the multi-tap capacitance that corresponds to the new lumen level. The processor can record data in the memory that represents times of lumen changes and switch settings, which data correlates to power consumption.