Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include a MIM capacitor that has a high capacitance that can be manufactured without the problems that affected the prior art. Such a capacitor includes an upper electrode, a lower electrode, and a dielectric layer that is intermediate the upper and the lower electrodes. A first voltage can be applied to the upper electrode and a second voltage, which is different from the first voltage, can be applied to the lower electrode. A wire layer, through which the first voltage is applied to the upper electrode, is located in the same level as or in a lower level than the lower electrode.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include a MIM capacitor that has a high capacitance that can be manufactured without the problems that affected the prior art. Such a capacitor includes an upper electrode, a lower electrode, and a dielectric layer that is intermediate the upper and the lower electrodes. A first voltage can be applied to the upper electrode and a second voltage, which is different from the first voltage, can be applied to the lower electrode. A wire layer, through which the first voltage is applied to the upper electrode, is located in the same level as or in a lower level than the lower electrode.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of biologically active somatotropin from inclusion bodies of a recombinant host cell containing an inactive form of said somatotropin protein comprises the steps of: (a) contacting the inclusion bodies with an aqueous alcohol solution at an alkaline pH to solubilize said protein; and (b) bringing the solubilized protein into contact with a mild oxidizing agent to refold and form intramolecular disulfide bonds between cysteine residues of said protein.

Abstract: In a method of forming an insulating structure, an insulating interlayer is formed on a substrate using a silicon source gas and a reaction gas. A capping layer is formed in-situ on the insulating interlayer by increasing a flow rate of an oxidizing gas included in the reaction gas so that the capping layer has a second thickness when the insulating interlayer is formed on the substrate to have a first thickness. The insulating structure dose not have an interface between the insulating interlayer and the capping layer so that the insulating interlayer is not subject to damage by a cleaning solution during a subsequent cleaning process, since the cleaning solution maynot permeate into the insulating structure. Additionally, leakage current is mitigated or eliminated between the insulating interlayer and the capping layer, thereby improving the reliability of a semiconductor device including the insulating structure.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include a MIM capacitor that has a high capacitance that can be manufactured without the problems that affected the prior art. Such a capacitor includes an upper electrode, a lower electrode, and a dielectric layer that is intermediate the upper and the lower electrodes. A first voltage can be applied to the upper electrode and a second voltage, which is different from the first voltage, can be applied to the lower electrode. A wire layer, through which the first voltage is applied to the upper electrode, is located in the same level as or in a lower level than the lower electrode.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include a MIM capacitor that has a high capacitance that can be manufactured without the problems that affected the prior art. Such a capacitor includes an upper electrode, a lower electrode, and a dielectric layer that is intermediate the upper and the lower electrodes. A first voltage can be applied to the upper electrode and a second voltage, which is different from the first voltage, can be applied to the lower electrode. A wire layer, through which the first voltage is applied to the upper electrode, is located in the same level as or in a lower level than the lower electrode.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of biologically active somatotropin from inclusion bodies of a recombinant host cell containing an inactive form of said somatotropin protein comprises the steps of:

Abstract: The continuously variable transmission (CVT) includes an input shaft delivering power from an engine, an output shaft having a first drive member, and a secondary shaft having a first driven member operationally connected with the first drive member. The CVT further includes a pulley member transferring power from the input shaft to the secondary shaft. The pulley member includes a drive pulley and a driven pulley operationally connected to the drive pulley. The pulley member forms a first power pathway for communicating the engine power from the input shaft to the output shaft via the secondary shaft. The CVT also includes a power by-pass member for selectively supplying power from the input shaft directly to the output shaft to form a second power pathway for communicating the engine power from the input shaft directly to the output shaft which by-passes the first power pathway.