Abstract: Provided is an encoder including: circuitry; and memory coupled to the circuitry. In operation, the circuitry: performs a mapping process of Luma Mapping with Chroma Scaling (LMCS) for transforming a first pixel value space applied to a luma display image signal into a second pixel value space applied to a luma encoding process signal, using line segments forming a transform curve, each of which corresponds to a different one of sections obtained by partitioning the first pixel value space; and encodes an image, and in the performing of the LMCS, the circuitry determines the transform curve so that among boundary values in the second pixel value space, a first value obtained by dividing a boundary value by a base width defined according to a bit depth of the image is not equal to a second value obtained by dividing another boundary value by the base width.

Abstract: An encoder includes circuitry and memory coupled to the circuitry. The circuitry, in response to a first reconstructed image sample being located outside a virtual boundary, duplicates a reconstructed sample located inside and adjacent to the virtual boundary to generate the first reconstructed image sample. The circuitry generates a first coefficient value by applying a CCALF (cross component adaptive loop filtering) process to the first reconstructed image sample of a luma component. The circuitry generates a second coefficient value by applying an ALF (adaptive loop filtering) process to a second reconstructed image sample of a chroma component. The circuitry generates a third coefficient value by adding the first coefficient value to the second coefficient value, and encodes a third reconstructed image sample of the chroma component using the third coefficient value.

Abstract: The additive composition of the present invention is one blended in a sand composition which is subjected to foaming to mold a sand mold, and includes (A) an alkylsulfonate metal salt having an alkyl group with 9 to 22 carbon atoms. The additive composition may further include at least one component selected from a group consisting of (B) an alkylsulfate metal salt, (C) a polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether sulfate metal salt, and (D) an alkylbenzene sulfonate metal salt.

Abstract: An encoder includes circuitry and memory coupled to the circuitry. The circuitry, in operation, for each coefficient of a plurality of coefficients included in a block, determines a base level relating to Context-Based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding (CABAC) for the coefficient, and encodes an absolute value of the coefficient. In determining the base level, when one or more flags are used in encoding the absolute value of the coefficient, the base level is determined to be a first value, and when one or more flags are not used in the encoding, the base level is determined to be a second value that is smaller than the first value. In encoding the absolute value of the coefficient, when one or more flags are not used, a rice parameter is determined based on the base level which is equal to the second value, and the coefficient is binarized using the rice parameter.

Abstract: A guide rail includes: a first rail that has a bottom wall on which a load roller rolls and supports the weight of a sliding door; a second rail that has side walls on which two guide rollers roll and defines a moving direction of the sliding door; and a first restriction part that restricts the motion of the load roller in an axial direction.

Abstract: A decoder includes circuitry which, in operation, parses a first flag indicating whether a CCALF (cross component adaptive loop filtering) process is enabled for a first block located adjacent to a left side of a current block; parses a second flag indicating whether the CCALF process is enabled for a second block located adjacent to an upper side of the current block; determines a first index associated with a color component of the current block; and derives a second index indicating a context model, using the first flag, the second flag, and the first index. The circuitry, in operation, performs entropy decoding of a third flag indicating whether the CCALF process is enabled for the current block, using the context model indicated by the second index; and performs the CCALF process on the current block in response to the third flag indicating the CCALF process is enabled for the current block.

Abstract: An encoder includes circuitry and memory coupled to the circuitry. The circuitry, in operation: determines whether a size of a current block, which is a unit for which a vector candidate list including vector candidates is generated, is less than or equal to a threshold; when the size of the current block is less than or equal to the threshold, generates the vector candidate list by registering a history-based motion vector predictor (HMVP) vector candidate in the vector candidate list from an HMVP table without performing a first pruning process; when the size of the current block is greater than the threshold, generates the vector candidate list by performing the first pruning process and registering the HMVP vector candidate in the vector candidate list from the HMVP table; and encodes the current block using the vector candidate list.

Abstract: An encoder includes circuitry and memory coupled to the circuitry. The circuitry determines whether to split a current luma virtual pipeline decoding unit (VPDU) into smaller blocks. When it is determined not to split the current luma VPDU into smaller blocks, the circuitry predicts a block of chroma samples without using luma samples. When it is determined to split the luma VPDU into smaller blocks, the circuitry predicts the block of chroma samples using luma samples. The circuitry encodes the block using the predicted chroma samples.

Abstract: An encoder determines, based on a width and a height of a block, whether or not to disable a prediction mode in which the block is split along a partitioning line defined by a distance and an angle and then prediction is performed; and encodes the block with the prediction mode disabled or not disabled according to a result of the determination on whether or not to disable the prediction mode. Here, the distance is the shortest distance between the center of the block and the partitioning line, and the angle is an angle representing a direction from the center of the block toward the partitioning line in the shortest distance. The encoder determines to disable the prediction mode when (i) a width-to-height ratio is at least 8 or (ii) a height-to-width ratio is at least 8.

Abstract: An encoder that encodes a current block to be encoded in an image is provided. The encoder includes: processor; and memory coupled to the processor, in which, in operation, the processor: generates a first prediction image based on a motion vector, the first prediction image being an image with full-pel precision; generates a second prediction image using an interpolation filter by interpolating a value at a fractional-pel position between full-pel positions included in the first prediction image; and encodes the current block based on the second prediction image, and in the using of the interpolation filter, the interpolation filter is switched between a first interpolation filter and a second interpolation filter differing in a total number of taps from the first interpolation filter.

Abstract: An encoder determines, based on a width and a height of a block, whether or not to disable a prediction mode in which the block is split along a partitioning line defined by a distance and an angle and then prediction is performed; and encodes the block with the prediction mode disabled or not disabled according to a result of the determination on whether or not to disable the prediction mode. Here, the distance is the shortest distance between the center of the block and the partitioning line, and the angle is an angle representing a direction from the center of the block toward the partitioning line in the shortest distance. The encoder determines to disable the prediction mode when (i) a width-to-height ratio is at least 8 or (ii) a height-to-width ratio is at least 8.

Abstract: An encoder includes circuitry and memory coupled to the circuitry. In operation, the circuitry determines whether or not a current video to be processed is a progressive video. When it is determined that the current video is a progressive video, the encoder encodes, into a bitstream, one syntax element indicating a chroma location type which is information indicating locations of chroma samples relative to luma samples for a frame included in the current video. When it is determined that the current video is not a progressive video, the encoder encodes two syntax elements into the bitstream, each of which indicates the chroma location type for a different one of fields of two types included in the current video.

Abstract: A slide door driving device includes a support plate that is an elongated plate member, two driven pulleys supported respectively by opposite ends of the support plate in a longitudinal direction of the support plate; a belt wound around the two driven pulleys; a connector by which the belt is connected to the slide door; and a driving portion supported by the support plate and configured to drive the belt.

Abstract: A magnetic detection device includes a first magnetic sensor, a second magnetic sensor, and a resin body. The first magnetic sensor includes a first sealing body and first terminals. The second magnetic sensor includes a second sealing body and second terminals. The resin body includes a resin-body main body, first wiring lines, and second wiring lines. Each of the first wiring lines includes a first overlapping portion overlapping with corresponding one of the first terminals. As viewed in a normal direction of each of the first terminals, the first overlapping portion is arranged at a position shifted from all of the second terminals and the second wiring lines. Each of the first wiring lines is welded to corresponding one of the first terminals at the first overlapping portion.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a decoder includes memory and a processor coupled to the memory. The processor is configured to split a current picture into tiles, generate a slice having a rectangular shape and located at a lower-right corner of the current picture, the slice including at least a part of a tile among the tiles, generate first information on a region of the slice with header information, the header information not including information identical to the first information, and decode the slice with the first information.

Abstract: An encoder includes circuitry and memory coupled to the circuitry. In operation, for a group of layers including at least one output layer, the circuitry generates a bitstream including a common header for one or more layers in the group of layers, in which when a total number of layers in the group of layers is 1, (i) performance requirement information indicating a performance requirement for a decoder is signaled in the common header, and (ii) a hypothetical reference decoder (HRD) parameter is not signaled in the common header. The bitstream includes the common header and encoded data of at least one image in the at least one output layer. The common header does not include the HRD parameter.

Abstract: An encoder includes circuitry and memory coupled to the circuitry. In operation, the circuitry writes, into a bitstream, a first flag indicating whether or not to enable a first process of applying a filter to a first image to generate a second image, holding the second image as a reference image, and displaying the second image. When the first process is not enabled, circuitry writes, into the bitstream, one or more parameters for controlling a second process of applying the filter to the first image to generate the second image, holding the first image as a reference image, and displaying the second image.

Abstract: An encoder includes circuitry and memory coupled to the circuitry. In operation, the circuitry: encodes a video using (i) a decoding parameter set (DPS) which is identified based on presence of the DPS in a bitstream and (ii) a sequence parameter set (SPS) which is identified based on an identifier for the SPS.

Abstract: An encoder includes circuitry and memory coupled to the circuitry. The circuitry: assigns a picture level slice index and a subpicture level slice index to each of the slices, the picture level slice index being assigned at a picture level, the subpicture level slice index being assigned at a subpicture level; for each of the slices, encodes the subpicture level slice index of the slice into a slice header of the slice; and encodes each of the slices into a bitstream. The picture level slice index assigned to a current slice to be processed that is included in a current subpicture to be processed is calculated by adding (i) the subpicture level slice index of the current slice and (ii) a total number of slices included in one or more subpictures that have been encoded prior to the current subpicture out of the subpictures.

Abstract: A synthetic leather includes: a base cloth; on the base cloth, an adhesion layer, a skin layer, and a flame-retardant layer, in this order, in which the flame-retardant layer includes at least one selected from hydrotalcite or a hydrotalcite-like compound, and is a cured product of a composition that includes a binder and particles having an average particle diameter of from 10 nm to 2500 nm, and is a layer having a thickness of from 1 ?m to 20 ?m.