PLASMONIC FUNNEL FOR FOCUSED OPTICAL DELIVERY TO A METALLIC MEDIUM
An apparatus includes a transducer including a plasmonic funnel having first and second ends with the first end having a smaller cross-sectional area than the second end, and a first section positioned adjacent to the first end of the plasmonic funnel, and a first waveguide having a core, positioned to cause light in the core to excite surface plasmons on the transducer.
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Heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) generally refers to the concept of locally heating a recording medium to reduce the coercivity of the medium so that an applied magnetic writing field can more easily direct the magnetization of the medium during the temporary magnetic softening of the medium caused by the heat source. The heated area in the storage layer determines the data bit dimension. A tightly confined, high power light spot is used to heat a portion of the recording medium to substantially reduce the coercivity of the heated portion. Then the heated portion is subjected to a magnetic field that sets the direction of magnetization of the heated portion. In this manner the coercivity of the medium at ambient temperature can be much higher than the coercivity during recording, thereby enabling stability of the recorded bits at much higher storage densities and with much smaller bit cells. Heat assisted magnetic recording is also referred to a thermally assisted magnetic recording.
Near-field transducers can be used to focus light to a small spot. An efficient means for concentrating light with a near-field transducer would be beneficial in HAMR recording heads.
SUMMARYIn one aspect, the disclosure provides an apparatus including a transducer including a plasmonic funnel having first and second ends with the first end having a smaller cross-sectional area than the second end, and a first section positioned adjacent to the first end of the plasmonic funnel, and a first waveguide having a core, positioned to cause light in the core to excite surface plasmons on the transducer.
These and other features and advantages which characterize the various embodiments of the present disclosure can be understood in view of the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings.
In one aspect, this disclosure provides an apparatus for focusing light to a small spot. In one embodiment, light is focused from a first waveguide to a recording medium such that the focused spot is much smaller than the diffraction limit.
In the example of
The plasmonic funnel transducer serves as a near-field transducer (NFT) and includes a tapered section that is tapered to concentrate plasmons in a direction toward the first plasmonic waveguide. In this example, the plasmonic funnel section includes two substantially flat sides that are tilted to form edges that meet edges of the sides of the first and second plasmonic waveguides, and two other substantially flat sides that lie in planes that are substantially perpendicular to the plane of the storage medium and form edges that meet edges of the sides of the first and second plasmonic waveguides. In
A portion 40 of the dielectric channel waveguide core is positioned adjacent to a side 42 of the second plasmonic waveguide such that light in the waveguide core is evanescently coupled to the plasmonic transducer. A gap 44 can be provided between portion 40 and the side 42. The adjacent portions of the dielectric channel waveguide core and the side of the second plasmonic waveguide form a dielectric waveguide mode to plasmonic mode coupler. In operation, light 46 from a light source such as a laser 48, propagates through the dielectric channel waveguide and excites local surface plasmons on the plasmonic transducer. Plasmons are concentrated by the plasmonic funnel as they travel from the second plasmonic waveguide (i.e., the second section of the transducer) to the first plasmonic waveguide (i.e., the first section of the transducer).
Light in the dielectric channel waveguide propagates through the dielectric channel waveguide in an incident mode. The plasmonic transducer 18 is positioned next to the core of the dielectric channel waveguide. The tapered block plasmonic funnel and the first and second plasmonic waveguides are made of a plasmonic material. The plasmonic material can be, for example, gold, silver, copper, aluminum, or alloys of these materials.
The magnetic write pole 12 is placed behind (or adjacent to) the tapered block plasmonic transducer. The pole can be straight as shown in
The plasmonic front shield is shown to be positioned in front of the plasmonic funnel transducer in
The magnetic writer has two poles. The first (or main) pole 12 is shown in
The plasmonic shield reduces the dissipation of the plasmonic mode into the magnetic poles and reduces the optical spot curvature in the medium. In addition, the front shield screens the second pole from the plasmonic fields.
In another example, the TE dielectric channel waveguide mode can be converted into a TM dielectric channel waveguide mode using a previously known technique in which two plasmonic studs of appropriate length are placed diagonally with respect to the core of the dielectric channel waveguide. A structure for implementing this approach is shown in
Alternatively, the mode coupling method of surface plasmon launching can be replaced with an end fire method. In the method discussed above, the energy transfer takes place across a gap between a portion of the core of the dielectric waveguide and the plasmonic funnel transducer. Alternatively, these modes can be launched using end-fire coupling. The end fire method can be implemented using the structure shown in
Plasmonic funnel transducer 132 includes a first plasmonic waveguide 146 and a second plasmonic waveguide 148. A tapered section 150 is positioned between the first and second plasmonic waveguides. The tapered section includes convex sides 152 and 154. The first and second plasmonic waveguides, and the tapered section, can have generally rectangular cross-sectional shapes in planes perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. In various embodiments, the tapered section can include two convex sides and two flat sides, or four convex sides.
Plasmonic funnel transducer 134 includes a first plasmonic waveguide 156 and a second plasmonic waveguide 158. A tapered section 160 is positioned between the first and second plasmonic waveguides. The tapered section includes convex sides 162 and 164. The first and second plasmonic waveguides, and the tapered section, can have generally rectangular cross-sectional shapes in planes perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. In various embodiments, the tapered section can include two convex sides and two flat sides, or four convex sides.
In the example of
The plasmonic funnel is tapered to concentrate plasmons in a direction toward the first plasmonic waveguide. In this example, the plasmonic funnel includes two substantially flat sides that are tilted to form edges that meet edges of the sides of the first plasmonic waveguide, and two other substantially flat sides that lie in planes that are substantially perpendicular to the plane of the storage medium and form edges that meet edges of the sides of the first plasmonic waveguides. In
In
For heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR), an electromagnetic wave of, for example, visible, infrared or ultraviolet light is directed onto a surface of a data storage medium to raise the temperature of a localized area of the medium to facilitate switching of the magnetization of the area. The recording head can include a laser, channel waveguide, and plasmonic funnel transducer as shown in
The various examples described above include a dielectric waveguide mode to plasmonic mode coupler, a plasmonic funnel transducer, and a narrow plasmonic waveguide or strip positioned adjacent to a tapered section. An optional polarization rotator can also be included. The apparatus can be used for light delivery in heat assisted magnetic recording. It can also be used in other applications that require coupling between two waveguides.
In one aspect, the disclosure provides a transducer including a plasmonic funnel including first and second ends with the first end being narrower than the second end, a first plasmonic waveguide positioned adjacent to the first end of the plasmonic funnel, and a second plasmonic waveguide positioned adjacent to the second end of the plasmonic funnel, wherein a phase changing element is positioned along a side of the second plasmonic waveguide. The phase changing element can be, for example, a stub, an indent, or a protrusion.
In another aspect, the disclosure provides an apparatus including a recording medium; a recording head having a transducer including a plasmonic funnel having first and second ends with the first end having a smaller cross-sectional area than the second end, and a first section positioned adjacent to the first end of the plasmonic funnel, and a first waveguide having a core, with a portion of the core positioned to cause light in the core to excite surface plasmons on the transducer; and a positioning means for positioning the recording head adjacent to the storage medium. A portion of the first waveguide core can be positioned adjacent to a side of the transducer such that light in the waveguide core is evanescently coupled to the transducer. The transducer can also include a second section positioned adjacent to the second end of the plasmonic funnel. An end of the first waveguide core can be positioned adjacent to an end the transducer such that light in the waveguide core is end fire coupled to the transducer.
It is to be understood that even though numerous characteristics and advantages of various embodiments of the present invention have been set forth in the foregoing description, together with details of the structure and function of various embodiments of the invention, this detailed description is illustrative only, and changes may be made in detail, especially in matters of structure and arrangements of parts within the principles of the present invention to the full extent indicated by the broad general meaning of the terms in which the appended claims are expressed. For example, the particular elements may vary depending on the particular application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. An apparatus comprising:
- a transducer including a plasmonic funnel including first and second ends with the first end having a smaller cross-sectional area than the second end, and a first section positioned adjacent to the first end of the plasmonic funnel; and
- a first waveguide having a core, positioned to cause light in the core to excite surface plasmons on the transducer.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a portion of the first waveguide core is positioned adjacent to a side of the transducer such that light in the waveguide core is evanescently coupled to the transducer.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the transducer further comprises:
- a second section positioned adjacent to the second end of the plasmonic funnel.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein an end of the first waveguide core is positioned adjacent to an end the transducer such that light in the waveguide core is end fire coupled to the transducer.
5. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the second section includes first and second ends with the first end having a smaller cross-sectional area than the second end, with the second end being positioned adjacent to the second end of the plasmonic funnel.
6. The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising:
- a phase changing element positioned along a side of the second section.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the phase changing element comprises one of:
- a stub, an indent, or a protrusion.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first waveguide comprises one of:
- a channel waveguide, a solid immersion mirror, or a mode index lens.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, further comprising:
- a polarization rotator adjacent to the first waveguide.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the polarization rotator comprises one of:
- first and second plasmonic stubs adjacent to diagonally opposite edges of the dielectric channel waveguide.
11. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
- a first magnetic pole positioned adjacent to a side of the first section of the transducer.
12. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising:
- a second magnetic pole; and
- a plasmonic shield positioned between the second magnetic pole and the transducer.
13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein a gap between the plasmonic shield and the transducer is filled with dielectric material.
14. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
- first and second plasmonic shields positioned adjacent to opposite sides of the first portion.
15. An apparatus comprising:
- a transducer including a plasmonic funnel including first and second ends with the first end being narrower than the second end, a first plasmonic waveguide positioned adjacent to the first end of the plasmonic funnel, and a second plasmonic waveguide positioned adjacent to the second end of the plasmonic funnel; and
- a phase changing element positioned along a side of the second plasmonic waveguide.
16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the phase changing element comprises one of:
- a stub, an indent, or a protrusion.
17. An apparatus comprising:
- a recording medium;
- a recording head having a transducer including a plasmonic funnel having first and second ends with the first end having a smaller cross-sectional area than the second end, and a first section positioned adjacent to the first end of the plasmonic funnel, and a first waveguide having a core, positioned to cause light in the core to excite surface plasmons on the transducer; and
- a positioning means for positioning the recording head adjacent to the storage medium.
18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein a portion of the first waveguide core is positioned adjacent to a side of the transducer such that light in the waveguide core is evanescently coupled to the transducer.
19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the transducer further comprises:
- a second section positioned adjacent to the second end of the plasmonic funnel.
20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein an end of the first waveguide core is positioned adjacent to an end the transducer such that light in the waveguide core is end fire coupled to the transducer.
Type: Application
Filed: Feb 23, 2012
Publication Date: Aug 29, 2013
Applicant: Seagate Technology LLC (Cupertino, CA)
Inventors: Kaizhong Gao (Shoreview, MN), Michael Allen Seigler (Pittsburgh, PA), Amit Itagi (Eden Prairie, MN), Jie Zou (Eden Prairie, MN)
Application Number: 13/403,049
International Classification: G11B 11/00 (20060101); B01J 19/12 (20060101);