Abstract: The present invention relates to an agent for treating nephritis and a TGF-&bgr; inhibiting agent comprising as an effective ingredient a pyridylacrylamide derivative represented by the following formula (I): wherein Ar1 is a substituted or unsubstituted pyridyl group, Ar2 is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, R1 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aryl group, R2 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cyano group or an alkoxycarbonyl group, R3 is a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl group, X is an oxygen or sulfur atom, A and B are same or different and each represent a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group or an alkylthio group, or A and B together form an oxo or thioxo group, or a group represented by the formula: ═N—Y in which Y is a dialkylamino, hydroxyl, aralkyloxy or alkoxy group, or a group represented by the formula: —Z1—M—Z2— which Z1 and Z2 are same or different and each represent an oxygen or sulfur atom or

Abstract: A bis-thiadiazole derivative represented by general formula (I): wherein R1 and R2 represent H, C1-C8 alkyl, halo C1-C4 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, 5- or 6-membered heterocycle containing 1 to 3 hetero atoms selected from O, S and N, or the like; X1 and X2 represent O or S; Y1 and Y2 represent O, S or —N(R3)—; R represents C0-C30 alkylene. —(C)a(R3)(R4)— (R3 and R4 represent H, halogen, OH, C1-C4 alkyl, halo C1-C4 alkyl or the like) or the like; and a is 0 to 30; or a salt thereof, and an agrohorticultural disease controller containing said derivative or salt as an active ingredient.

Abstract: A method and composition for treating macular disorders. A pharmologically effective amount of a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor is combined with a pharmologically effective amount of an ocular hypotensive agent sufficient to improve visual function.

Abstract: Novel compounds that are potent and selective inhibitors of PDE4, as well as methods of making the same, are disclosed. Use of the compounds in the treatment of inflammatory diseases and other diseases involving elevated levels of cytokines, as well as central nervous system (CNS) disorders, also is disclosed.

Abstract: A method of control of fleas by applying a 1-arylpyrazole of formula (1) to a locus where the fleas are located or expected to be located.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel 3-heteroarylidenyl-2-indolinone compounds and physiologically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof which have improved hydrosolubility and which are expected to modulate the activity of protein tyrosine kinases and therefore should be useful in the prevention and treatment of protein tyrosine kinase related cellular disorders such as cancer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to metabotropic glutamate receptor ligand derivatives and methods of using the same to inhibit NAALADase enzyme activity, to effect neuronal activities, to inhibit angiogenesis, and to treat glutamate abnormalities, compulsive disorders, pain, diabetic neuropathy, and prostate diseases, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of formula (I): wherein: R1, R2 and R3 are as defined in the description, X is as defined in the description, Y represents an oxygen atom, a sulphur atom, a C(H)q group, SO or SO2, n is equal to from 0 to 5, A represents a NR5R6 group, and medicinal products containing the same which are useful in treating or in preventing melatoninergic disorders.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of using a certain compounds which are 2,19-methyleneoxy or 2,19 methylenethio bridged steroids, and related steroidal compounds as inhibitors of the enzyme steroid aromatase, 19-hydroxylase and as treatment for various estrogen dependent/mediated disorders including hormonal dependent breast cancer.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel propynyl or dienyl biaromatic compounds which have the general formula (I) as well as to the use of these compounds in pharmaceutical compositions intended for use in human or veterinary medicine (dermatological, rheumatic, respiratory, cardiovascular and ophthalmological complaints in particular), or alternatively in cosmetic compositions.

Abstract: Compounds of formula 1 wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of the radicals shown in Formula 2 and in Formula 3, Y is cyclopropyl optionally substituted with one or two R4 groups, the divalent Y radical being substituted by the Z and —CR1═CR1—CR1═CR1 groups on adjacent carbons; X is S, O, or NR5; n is 1 or 2; R1 and R2 independently are H, lower alkyl or fluoroalkyl; R3 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, Cl or Br; R4 is lower alkyl, fluoroalkyl or halogen; R5 is H or lower alkyl, and B is hydrogen, COOH or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, COOR8, CONR9R10, —CH2OH, CH2OR11, CH2OCOR11, CHO, CH(OR12)2, CHOR13O, 13 COR7, CR7(OR12)2, CR7OR13O, or tri-lower alkylsilyl, where R7 is an alkyl, cycloalkyl or alkenyl group containing 1 to 5 carbons, R8 is an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbons, a cycloalkyl group of 5 to 10 carbons or trimethylsilylalkyl where the alkyl group has 1 to 10 carbons, or R8 is phenyl or lower alkylphenyl, R9 and R10 indep

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I): wherein one of m and n is 0, and the other is 0, 1 or 2; k is 0 or 1 to 12; R1 is hydrogen, a substituent which is an aryl or a heterocyclic, or an optionally substituted alkyl group; A is a single bond, an oxygen atom, a carbonyl group or a group of the formula —N(R2)CO—, —N(R2)CS—, —N(R2)SO2—, —CON(R2)N(R3)CO—, —CON(R2)CO—, —CON(R2)CS—, —CON(R2)SO2—, —O—CO—, —ON(R2)CO—, —ON(R2)SO2—, —O—CON(R2)N(R3)CO—, —O—CON(R2)CO—, —O—CON(R2)SO2—, —CO—O—, —CO—CO—, —CO—CON(R2)N(R3)CO—, —CO—CON(R2)CO—, —CO—CON(R2)SO2—, —N(R2)O—, —N(R2)COCO—, —N(R2)N(R3)CO—, —N(R2)N(R3)SO2—, —N(R2)CON(R3)N(R4)CO—, —N(R2)CON(R3)CO—, —N(R2)CON(R3)SO2&mdas

Abstract: A method of inhibiting the formation of a cataract in an eye by contacting the eye with a compound having the structure: is described. Also described is a method of inhibiting the progression of cataract formation in an eye. Methods comprising administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising the above compound to inhibit the formation of a cataract in the eye of a subject and to inhibit progression of cataract formation in the eye of a subject are also described. The above compound also prevents diseases resulting from oxidative stress, including diseases comprising tumor formation resulting from oxidative stress, and also inhibits the progression of diseases resulting from oxidative stress. The above compound may furthermore be used to treat an HIV infection when combined in a pharmaceutical composition with a substance which inhibits HIV replication.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I and the isomers thereof, in which either a) X is an N atom and Y is OR11 or N(R12)R13, or b) X is CH and Y is OR11, and in which furthermore: R11 is C1-C4alkyl; R12 and R13, independenty, are hydrogen or C1-C4alkyl; A is an O atom or the group NR4; and wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as defined herein, are pesticidal active ingredients. They can be used for pest control, in particular as microbicides, insecticides and acaricides in agriculture, horticulture and in the hygiene sector.

Abstract: The composition of the invention contains an n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid as the active ingredient and has the capability of removing a risk factor during exercise, particularly the capability of preventing athletic anemia. The highly unsaturated fatty acids and/or derivatives thereof, preferably eicosapentaenoic acid and/or docosahexaenoic acid. It is most preferably in the form of a natural triglyceride, particularly a fish oil. The composition may be used as a medicament or a food composition, particularly a food for sports. In the case of the medicament, the composition derivative is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or amide. The capability of removing a risk factor refers to the capabilities of improving the maximum oxygen intake and increasing the anaerobic threshold value by at least 3%. In this case, the composition serves as a food for enhancing the exercise capacity of persons with a normal healthy body.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for treating cartilage and bone pathologies, including bone growth related diseases such as osteoarthritis, comprising administering therapeutically effective amounts of retinoid receptor antagonists.

Abstract: The present invention provides an antioxidant carotenoid composition substantially free of lutein comprising lutein esters. This antioxidant composition may readily be formulated into products for administration to humans to provide protection from the harmful effects of free radicals. The invention also provides a method of preventing or inhibiting the harmful effects of free radicals by administering an effective amount of an antioxidant carotenoid composition substantially free of lutein comprising lutein esters.

Abstract: A compound of ferrous L-threonate with structure (I), its compostions and methods useful for iron supplementation for mammals, particularly for human body to improve and treat nutritional iron-deficiency anemia, blood loss anemia and hemolytic anemia.

Abstract: A method for treating or preventing an elevated blood lipid level-related disease such as hyperlipidemia, arteriosclerosis, angina pectoris, stroke and hepatic diseases in a mammal, which comprises administering thereto an effective amount of a cinnamic acid derivative of formula Ia or Ib, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: wherein, R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently H, OH or C1-4 alkoxy; and R6 is H, C1-4 alkyl group, or C5-7 cycloalkyl group having one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of OH, alkoxy and carboxy groups.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for the treatment of pain using this area derivatives. Particularly disclosed are new compositions for the treatment of chronic pain, and methods for their use.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel glyoxylic acid amides, to a process for their preparation and to their use as pesticides.

Abstract: The compounds of the present invention are represented by general formula (I) in which formula R1 and R2 stand independently for one or more, similar or different substituents selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, mercapto, trifluoromethyl, amino, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylamino, or alkoxycarbonyl, the C-content of which can be from 1 to 5, cyano, carboxy, carbamoyl, phenyl, or nitro; R3 stands for hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, mercapto, trifluoromethyl, amino, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylamino, or alkoxycarbonyl, the C-content of which can be from 1 to 5, phenyl, cyano, carboxy, or carbamoyl; R4, R5 and R6 stand independently for hydrogen, trifluoromethyl, alkyl, carbamoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or alkyloxo, the C-content of which can be from 1 to 5; X stands for oxygen, N—OH, N—O-alkyl, dialkoxy, cyclic dialkoxy, dialkylthio, or cyclic dialkylthio, the C-content of which can be from 1 to 5.

Abstract: Novel meta substituted arylalkylamine compounds are disclosed. These compounds can be administered as small molecule drugs to treat diseases or conditions associated with insufficient serotonin mediated nerve transmission (e.g., depression and obesity).

Abstract: A method of therapeutically administering certain medicaments, for instance levo-deprenyl and/or levo-desmethyl deprenyl, in order to maximize the desired effects and minimize the unwanted metabolite effects on the human body, including the central nervous system, in order to maximize therapeutic effects, such as antianxiety, anticonvulsant, antidepression, antioxidant, anti-Parkinson's disease, anti-Alzheimer's disease, and hypnotic effects, and minimize unwanted side effects, such as ataxic, anxiety, and incoordination effects, of the medicament, for instance by intraoral administration and/or inhalation administration

Abstract: A D-mannitol derivative selected from the group consisting of a compound of formula pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof and where applicable or appropriate pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are the same or different and may each independently be selected from among alkyl and aryl (i.e. aromatic including aromatic like) groups. The D-mannitol derivatives may be used as HIV aspartyl protease inhibitors.

Abstract: The present invention provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising an amount of hydrogenated lupulones or derivatives or analogs thereof, effective to inhibit cancer cell growth, and methods of use thereof.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for treating a benign or malignant hyperproliferative skin lesion, comprising topically administering a C18 to C20 aliphatic alcohol to the skin lesion in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Abstract: The invention relates to a steroid compound having the formula (I) comprising a ring E, said ring sharing carbon atoms at position 16 and 17 with the five-membered ring D and being &agr; with respect to said D-ring. In addition, the carbon atom at position 17 is substituted with an oxygen atom-comprising group through a CO bond. The invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising said steroid compound. The steroid compounds of the present invention are very suitable for use in the prevention or treatment of peri-menopausal or menopausal complaints, more preferably the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis. Furthermore, the steroid compounds of the present invention can be used for contraceptive purposes.

Abstract: The invention relates to cosmetic composition comprising a fluorescent-effective amount of at least one fluorescent brightener, in combination with a cosmetically acceptable vehicle. The compositions of the invention can be used as color cosmetics and skin treatment products, to replenish the skin's natural fluorescent glow.

Abstract: This invention provides water-based compositions, particularly coating, ink, fountain solution and agricultural compositions, manifesting reduced equilibrium and dynamic surface tension by the incorporation of a surface tension reducing amount of an acetylenic diol ethylene oxide/propylene oxide adduct of the structure where r and t are 1 or 2, (n+m) is 1 to 30 and (p+q) is 1 to 30. Also disclosed is a method for making random and block EO/PO adducts of acetylenic diols by reacting an acetylenic diol with EO and/or PO in the presence of a trialkylamine or Lewis acid.

Abstract: A process for preparing thermoplastic rubbers from vulcanized rubber scrap material is provided comprising devulcanizing the vulcanized rubber scrap material while blending the vulcanized rubber scrap material with an olefinic plastic resin in the presence of devulcanizing additives. Preferably, the vulcanized rubber scrap material is first milled prior to blending with the olefinic plastic rein. The plastic resin may be a virgin resin, a recycled resin or a mixture thereof. The process is termed “dynamic de-vulcanization” to denote that the rubber scrap material is being devulcanized while it is being blended with the plastic resin to form the thermoplastic rubber. The resultant thermoplastic rubbers exhibit superior physical properties such as tensile strength, elongation, hardness and flexural modulus compared to thermoplastic rubber compositions comprising mixtures of plastics and recycled rubbers heretofore produced.

Abstract: Propylene resin beads for molding expansion molded articles having improved high temperature resistance include as base resin metallocene-catalyzed copolymers of propylene with at least one or more of ethylene and ∝-olefins of 4 to 20 carbon atoms. The metallocene-catalyzed propylene copolymers are isotactic random copolymers characterized by a melting point higher than 140° C. to 160° C. and a melt flow rate (MFR) of not higher than 12 g/10 minutes, especially, 0.5 to 12 g/10 minutes. Expansion molded articles produced by expansion molding the expanded beads have a high temperature degree of deflection which is lower than that of metallocene-catalyzed propylene homopolymers and lower than that of Ziegler-Natta-catalyzed random propylene copolymers having the same comonomers and melting point.

Abstract: Nanoporous materials are fabricated from polymers having backbones with reactive groups used in crosslinking. In one aspect of preferred methods and compositions, the reactive groups in the backbone comprise a diene and a dienophile. The diene may advantageously comprise a tetracyclone, and the dienophile may advantageously comprise an ethynyl. In another aspect of preferred methods and compositions, the reactive groups in the backbone are included in a conjugated system. Especially preferred polymeric strands comprise a poly(arylene ether) synthesized from a difluoroaromatic portion and an aromatic bisphenolic portion. It is still more preferred that the difluoroaromatic portions of the poly(arylene ether) are modified in such a way that some difluoroaromatic portions carry a thermolabile portion. In still other aspects crosslinking may advantageously occur without reliance on an exogenous crosslinker.

Abstract: A inorganic-organic composite foam having a structure comprising phosphoric acids and a blowing agent for phosphoric acids, wherein the brittleness is improved by urethane prepolymer having NCO groups. The foam is produced by foaming and curing by mixing each component of phosphoric acids, a blowing agent for phosphoric acids, urethane prepolymer having NCO groups, water, and, if necessary, an inorganic filler. A foam of phosphoric acids is inherently brittle, but the brittleness is improved, and flexibility and rebound resilience can be provided. The foam of the present invention is effectively used for the applications, for example, heat insulating materials of external panel or internal panel which require the fire preventive property of train, automobile, housing, building etc.

Abstract: Acrylic, high refractive index ophthalmic device materials comprising an aryl acrylic monomer, a first stage polymerization initiator and a second stage cross-linking agent are prepared in a two-stage method. The monomers used to form the ophthalmic device materials do not contain cross-linking agents having more than one unsaturated bond. In the first stage of the method, the materials are polymerized. In the second stage, the materials are cross-linked by exposure to heat.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a photocatalytic composition which comprises at least one compound selected from a group consisting of polycyclic aromatic compounds and carbazole derivatives, both of which contain as substitutes at least any of hydroxy group, optionally-substituted aralkyloxy group or alkoxy group and having an UV absorption spectrum at a wavelength longer than 330 nm, and at least one aryl onium salt selected from a group consisting of diphenylalkylsul fonium salts, dinaphthylalkylsulfonium salts, triphenylsulfonium salts, diphenyliodonium salts, phenylnaphthyliodonium salts and dinaphthyliodonium salts, those which perform as a catalyst for cationic photopolymerization. The photocatalytic composition according to the present invention can be cured by admixing it with a cationically-polymerizable compound in the presence of an actinic radiation, such as light, electron beam and X-ray.

Abstract: Described herein are methods for preparing bioabsorbable polymerization products having interconnecting pore structure by polymerizing compositions containing ethylene glycol- or glycero-oligoester(meth)acrylates monomers and, optionally, other components. The polymerization products are particularly useful for dental lacquers, dental inlays and shaped articles which are bioabsorbable and exhibit an interconnecting pore structure.

Abstract: Addition cross-linking two-component silicone materials Addition cross-linking two-component silicone materials on polysiloxane base, especially for the use in dental medicine and dental technique contain, so as to obtain a product with a high Shore D hardness and a high modulus of elasticity, organopolysiloxanes with two vinyl groups in the molecule, organohydropolysiloxanes with two or more SiH groups in the molecule, catalysts for the acceleration of the hydrosilation reaction, reinforcing material, non-reinforcing material, eventually dyestuff, eventually moisture binder, eventually organopolysiloxanes with more than two vinyl groups in the molecule, eventually inhibitors for the adjustment of reactivity, eventually vinyl group containing solid or liquid MQ-resins, eventually compounds made of organopolysiloxanes and reinforcing filling material, eventually tensides, emulsifying agents and stabilizing agents, eventually radio-opaque substances and eventually H2 absorbing or adsorbing substances and substa

Abstract: A composition and method of treating a dental tooth surface and adhering a restorative material to the treated dental tooth surface is provided. A liquid composition is applied to at least the portion of the tooth to form a treated surface. The composition includes at least 50 percent by weight of a volatile organic solvent, at least 15 percent by weight of one or more polymerizable acrylate compounds and an effective amount of a photoinitiator. At least a portion of the polymerizable compounds are multifunctional polymerizable compounds having at least three acrylate moieties. The polymerizable compounds are substantially soluble in the solvent. The composition is adapted to form a polymeric material which is adapted to adhere to dentin with a bond strength of at least 12 MPa. Restorative material is then adhered to the treated surface with a bond strength of at least about 12 MPa.

Abstract: A polymerisable cement composition, particularly for dental and biomedical uses, comprises a mixture of polymerisable monomer materials including between 5 and 95% by weight tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate (THFMA), and at least 5% by weight secondary monomer, preferably a dimethacrylate; and active filler material, preferably powdered fluoroaluminosillicate glass, capable of undergoing an acid-base reaction in the presence of water with acid or acid derivative groups in the composition. The composition is conveniently in the form of a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement or a compomer composition. The use of THFMA as a monomer material has a number of advantages. THFMA has low shrinkage on polymerisation, good biological acceptability and advantageous water uptake properties in comparison to other monomer systems. The invention also covers a method of preparing a polymerisable cement, and a method of dental treatment.

Abstract: An antifouling coating formulation includes a first part making up the matrix of the coating. The first part is a silicone-modified titanium silicate glass. A second part of the formulation serves to prevent barnacles and other organisms from attaching to the coating and includes a combination of liquid polymers, oils, or liquid waxes which are incompatible and will phase separate after the mixing. The materials have a chemically reactive group which serve to graft the materials into the matrix. An optional third part of the formulation includes a compound which prevents or inhibits slime formation.

Abstract: A method for degrading a polymer by bringing same into contact with a solid phase composed of a carrier, a microorganism and an aqueous solution. The aqueous solution contains nutrients required for the growth of the microorganism and water. The carrier has a maximum water retention of at least 40 wt. % but at most 4,000 wt. %, the aqueous solution is retained in the carrier in an amount of at least 10% but at most 100% of the maximum water retention of the carrier, and the solid phase has a percentage of interstices of 25% or greater but smaller than 100%.

Abstract: The present invention provides a naturally disintegratable cushion material and the process for making the material. The cushion material is non-toxic and environmental protective that it can be disintegrated naturally after being discarded. The cushion material is made from main material powder of grain shells, added with fillers (such as calcium carbonate), binders (such as polyvinyl alcohol) in suitable percentages, and further mixed with softeners (such as trimethylolpropane, polyethylene glycol or glycerine), water and other assistances (such as wax and boric acid) to form into a composite which includes moisture. Then the composite is heated and extruded by an extruder to vaporize the moisture in the composite and foamed. The foamed material is finally dried into cushion materials of desired shapes.

Abstract: An ink jet ink consisting of a dispersion of particles of an ionically modified polymer loaded with dye is distinguished by improved smudge resistance.

Abstract: A polymeric amphipathic stabiliser is formed of hydrophobic monomer units and hydrophilic monomer units which comprise carboxylic free acid or acid salt units and glycidyl or anhydride units. The glycidyl or anhydride units react onto reactive groups on polymer particles when dispersed in non-aqueous liquid and provide improved stability when the particles are subsequently dispersed in liquid electrolyte.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a polymer feed system and a method of using the same wherein clogging of the polymer input line is avoided by the use of air to purge the system of any unwanted polymer or electrolyte. The purging avoids the contact of the water with the polymer and the build-up of unwanted activated polymer and clogging in the supply and in the subsequent conduits.

Abstract: Processes for spray drying water-soluble and water-swellable vinyl-addition polymer-containing dispersions, emulsions and microemulsions to obtain substantially dry water-soluble or water-swellable polymer particles, compositions of substantially dry water-soluble or water-swellable polymer particles, methods of agglomerating spray-dried polymer particles, and methods of using sprayed polymer particles and agglomerates in water-treating, mining, paper, food processing, soil conditioning, solution thickening, biotechnological, and oil recovery applications are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for mixing additives into a polymer melt steam, wherein a substream is removed from the polymer melt stream, mixed with additives, and then fed back into the polymer melt stream. In this process, the unmixed substream is sent as a single substream or in a maximum number of n−1 additional substreams directly to one up to a maximum number (n−1) of pump gear wheels of a planet wheel pump with n pump gear wheels. The additives are simultaneously supplied directly without mixing to at least one pump gear wheel of the planet wheel pump, and the substream mixed with the additives is removed from the planet wheel pump centrally at the inlet of the planet wheel pump and fed into the polymer melt stream.

Abstract: A composition is provided which comprises catalase modified with a copolymer (A) and a second copolymer, i.e., copolymer (B). The copolymer (A) comprises an alkenyl ether, maleic anhydride, and at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of unsaturated carboxylic acid, vinyl compound and olefin, and copolymer (B) consists of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer and a monomer selected from the group consisting of a monomer having a carboxyl group and a monomer having an acid anhydride group, or a salt of the copolymer (B).

Abstract: This invention relates to a blend comprising (a) about 2% to about 98% by weight of at least one ester of cellulose comprising an alkanoyl chain having from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, and having at a D.S. of about 2.3 to about 3.0, and an inherent viscosity of about 0.2 to about 3.0 deciliters/gram as measured at a temperature of 25° C. for a 0.5 g sample in 100 ml of a 60/40 parts by weight solution of phenol/tetrachloroethane, and (b) about 98% to about 2% by weight of at least one ester of cellulose comprising an alkanoyl chain having from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, and having a D.S. of about 1.5 to about 2.2, and an inherent viscosity of about 0.2 to about 3.0 deciliters/gram as measured at a temperature of 25° C. for a 0.5 g sample in 100 ml of a 60/40 parts by weight solution of phenol/tetrachloroethane, said percentages being based on the weight of component (a) plus component (b).