Abstract: Methods of making a modified pigment by reacting a first chemical group and a second chemical group to form a pigment having attached a third chemical group. The first chemical group includes at least one nucleophile and the second chemical group includes at least one electrophile, or vice versa. Resulting modified pigments, and ink compositions containing such pigments, are also described.

Abstract: In a coating material for the inner surface of a cathode-ray tube comprising an aqueous dispersion medium containing silicates of lithium and potassium and a dispersing agent, and a graphite particles and, if necessary, particles of the other specific metal compounds suspended therein, the invention is characterized in that the molar ratio of potassium to lithium is in the range of 1 to 9, and the molar ratio of silicon dioxide to the total quantity of oxides of lithium and potassium is in the range of 2.5 to 3.5, and the obtained coating material is most suitable for suppressing the quantities of gases released from the inner coating, for making good use of gas-adsorbing ability of graphite, and for increasing the degree of vacuum in the cathode-ray tube.

Abstract: A cementitious mixture comprises a hydraulic cement; greater than about 10% by weight of a pozzolanic cement replacement selected from fly ash, slag, natural pozzolans, and mixtures thereof, based on the weight of said hydraulic cement and cement replacement; and a compatabilizing admixture, wherein the compatabilizing admixture comprises a compatabilizing derivatized polycarboxylate polymer dispersant capable of acting as a water reducer, in combination with an accelerator. The derivatized polycarboxylate dispersant, alone or in combination with other derivatized polycarboxylate dispersants, is a polymer comprising units derived from at least one of a substituted carboxylic acid monomer and a substituted ethylenically unsaturated monomer, at least one of an N-polyoxyalkylene maleimide and a condensation product of an unsubstituted carboxylic acid monomer and an alkoxypolyoxyalkylene primary amine substituted carboxylic acid monomer, and optionally including an unsaturated hydrocarbon.

Abstract: Admixture or additive which provides water-repellency and flexural bond strength improvement in mortar, concrete, or cement, and particularly in masonry mortars. An exemplary admixture composition includes: (a) at least one C8-C30 fatty acid or a derivative thereof, such as a salt, ester, or triglyceride; and (b) a flexural bond strength enhancing material comprising a polymer having a backbone to which are attached carboxyl cement anchoring groups and oxyalkylene groups attached by linkages selected from the group consisting of an amide, an imide, and an ester. A preferred additive optionally includes an air entraining admixture for improving workability of a masonry mortar into which the fatty acid or derivative and the flexural bond strength enhancing material are added. A cementitious composition and method for enhancing water-repellency and flexural bond strength in a masonry mortar are also disclosed.

Abstract: An airlift pallet for securing a container roll-in/out platform and cargo thereon within an aircraft by an aircraft cargo handling system. The pallet includes a base for supporting the platform and its cargo. The base includes a plurality of mounting receptacles adapted to receive and retain a respective lock member. Each lock member is removably secured to the mounting receptacle by a removable pin. Each lock member includes a rotatable head that is adapted to be inserted into and secured to the platform. The lock members secure the platform and its cargo to the airlift pallet.

Abstract: The modular security safe with offset security bolt box is provided. A method of manufacturing panels and assembling the safe is also provided. The modular safe includes a number of modular panels which serve as the top, bottom, and sides of the safe. The modular panels of the safe are formed in a plastic or metal mold having high-density concrete therein reinforced by expanded metal. The modular panels include outer portions and stepped or rabbeted inner portions. The top and bottom panels have security bolt boxes attached by bolts to the inner portions. The modular side panels are attached to the top and bottom panels by bolts extending through the security bolt boxes. This results in a construction where the bolts are offset from the seams of the safe and therefore, the bolts, and the safe, is not subject to easy attack.

Abstract: In an apparatus for heating high-temperature air for use in recovering, by heat exchange, the heat of an exhaust gas of elevated temperature generated from an apparatus for disposing of wastes, prolonged service life, improved working efficiency, improved efficiency of heat recovery on heat exchange are attainable with least thermal deformation and reduced dust deposition.

Abstract: The present invention provides a continuous process for the manufacture of a garment. A web of fabric including opposing web side edges wherein one of the opposing web side edges is proximate the garment bottom edge of the garment is provided. The web of fabric is cut, thereby forming a fabric web wherein the fabric web includes one of the opposing web side edges opposed to an octagonal shape pattern defining pairs of shoulder side edges having a side edge located between the shoulder side edges of each pair of the shoulder side edges and edges located between the pairs of shoulder side edges. The side edges of the fabric web are cut, thereby forming edges defining neck openings in the fabric web. The fabric web is cut, thereby defining discrete garment-sized pieces wherein each of the discrete garment-sized pieces of the fabric web includes at least one neck opening, a front panel having a pair of opposing garment side edges, a garment end portion, and a bottom edge.

Abstract: The present invention provides a continuous process for the manufacture of a garment. A web of fabric including opposing web side edges wherein the opposing web side edges are proximate a pair of opposing garment bottom edges of the garment is provided. The web of fabric is intermittently cut, thereby forming edges defining neck openings in the web fabric. The web of fabric is cut, thereby defining discrete garment-sized pieces. Each of the discrete garment-sized pieces of the web of fabric includes at least one neck opening, a front panel having a pair of opposing garment side edges, a back panel having a pair of opposing garment side edges, two opposing garment end portions, and the pair of opposing bottom end edges. The discrete garment-sized piece of the web of fabric is folded, whereby one of the garment bottom edges of the pair of opposing garment bottom edges is brought into contact with the other garment bottom edge.

Abstract: The present invention provides a continuous process for the manufacture of a garment. A web of fabric including opposing web side edges is provided. The web of fabric is intermittently cut, thereby forming edges defining neck openings in the web of fabric. The opposing web side edges of the web of fabric are intermittently cut, thereby defining pairs of opposing indentations in the opposing web side edges of the web of fabric. The web of fabric is cut, thereby defining discrete garment-sized pieces. Each of the discrete garment-sized pieces of the web of fabric includes at least one neck opening, a front panel having a pair of opposing garment side edges, a back panel having a pair of opposing garment side edges, a portion of two pairs of the opposing indentations in the web side edges of the web of fabric, a pair of sleeve flaps, two garment end portions, and a pair of opposing piece side edges. The opposing piece side edges are proximate a pair of opposing garment bottom edges of the garment.

Abstract: A thruster is adapted to be laterally mounted through the hull of the vessel and has propulsive ducts for opening to respective sides of the vessel and an inlet to the inboard end of both of the ducts, the inlet being at least partially provided by a tunnel having an internal cross-sectional area greater than that of the ducts, the tunnel at least partially surrounding each of the ducts and opening to each side of the vessel.

Abstract: An adjustable foot brace and optional shock absorbing system for decked kayaks that employs a heel and arch of the foot contact, and in which the adjustment arms are selectively securely affixed to a base plate located in the center of the kayak from the forward most portion of the seat or central structural support member forward. This base plate is then securely affixed to the forward most portion of the seat of the kayak, or to the forward most portion of a central structural support member in boats utilizing this device. The bulkhead configuration for this foot brace system employs a full or near full foot contact and the adjustment arm is attached directly to a guide located in the forward most portion of the seat or central structural support member for boats using this device. Either of these foot brace systems may also be attached in a “floating” configuration to an optional shock absorbing mechanism.

Abstract: Provided are a liquid phase growth method of silicon crystal comprising a step of injecting a source gas containing at least silicon atoms into a solvent to decompose the source gas and, simultaneously therewith, dissolving the silicon atoms into the solvent, thereby supplying the silicon atoms into the solvent, and a step of dipping or contacting a substrate into or with the solvent, thereby growing a silicon crystal on the substrate; and a method of producing a solar cell utilizing the aforementioned method. Also provided is a liquid phase growth apparatus of a silicon crystal comprising means for holding a solvent in which silicon atoms are dissolved, and means for dipping or contacting a substrate into or with the solvent, the apparatus further comprising means for injecting a source gas containing at least silicon atoms into the solvent.

Abstract: A method for producing a semiconductor thin film includes the steps of: supplying a source gas to a vacuum chamber; and decomposing the supplied source gas with plasma decomposition using a radio frequency inductive coupled plasma (ICP) generated by application of a radio frequency power, and forming a prescribed semiconductor thin film on a substrate by a chemical vapor deposition process using the decomposed source gas, wherein a crystalline condition of the semiconductor thin film to be formed is controlled by controlling a heating temperature of the substrate during the formation of the semiconductor thin film.

Abstract: There are provided an apparatus for producing single crystals and a method for producing single crystals, which can absorb and eliminate vibration generated by a crucible rotation driving motor, or prevent transmission of the vibration to a melt, or attenuate the vibration in the production of single crystals by the CZ method. The apparatus for producing single crystals comprises a crucible for accommodating a raw material melt, a mechanism for pulling a crystal from the melt, a mechanism for rotating the crucible, and a transfer mechanism for vertically moving the crucible, wherein, in the rotation mechanism for the crucible, a ball spline is used for power transmission between a crucible-supporting shaft and a crucible rotation driving unit, and the crucible rotation driving unit is fixedly installed on a substructure of the apparatus for producing single crystals. Further, single crystals are produced by using the apparatus.

Abstract: A processing machine comprising a movable support means which can reciprocate between a first position and a second position and a reciprocating mean for reciprocating the movable support means, either one of processing means and a workpiece being mounted to the movable support means. A protective means is provided on the upstream side and/or downstream side of the movable support means when seen from the moving direction from the first position to the second position of the movable support means. The protective means includes at least one protective member composed of a synthetic resin sheet or film which can be kept rolled in a free state that tensile force is not applied and unrolled when tensile force is applied.

Abstract: A pasting machine is provided for paste of an active material for a lead battery which is capable of continuously applying stably and favorably, not only a paste of active material for a negative electrode, but also a paste of active material for a positive electrode, to a continuous substrate. There is arranged within a hopper 1 a pair of front and rear paddles 2,2 located above, a delivery roller 3 located below, a vaned roller 5′ located at a rear side of the intermediate portion, and an auxiliary roller 4 located diagonally to the upper front of the delivery roller 3 spaced from and opposed tc the delivery roller 3. A delivery opening 6a of an orifice plate 61 fixed to the lower end of the hopper 1 is made open to direct paste in the same direction as the travel direction of a continuous, substrate A.

Abstract: A retractable pencil.

Abstract: A device for distributing glue on an end edge of a log, a log or a core for a log, comprising a feeder (26) of logs (19, 19′) or cores (25) towards a glue dispensing unit, in which the glue dispensing unit comprises a tank (15) containing glue (20) in which is placed a thread (12) wound in a loop on at least two end pulleys (13), at least one of which is commanded in continuous rotation by a gear motor (14), the thread (12) having a lower branch which lifts the glue and an upper branch which releases the glue on an end edge (18, 18′) of a log (19, 19′), a log (19, 19′) or a core (25) for a log.

Abstract: Coating installation and method for disk-shaped workpieces having a transport chamber (3) with a workpiece transport configuration (11) and at least two linearly extendable and retractable transport rams (15) driven under control and connected to a rotational axis (A) that is also driven under control. The rams are within shell lines of a rotation body about the rotational axis (A) and can be extended and retracted in the same direction with respect to a direction on the rotational axis. A workpiece receiver (17) is at the ends of each ram (15) and at least two operating openings (19B, 19S) by which the transport chamber (3) communicates with stations (21, 23) are provided, of which one is a coating station and wherein the surface normals (N) of the operating openings are in the direction of shell lines of the rotation body. A pump unit (34) communicates via a pump opening (30) with the transport chamber (3) as well as for the coating station (21).

Abstract: The placement of a wafer can be performed with good positional precision, and the positioning of wafer clamps during maintenance is facilitated. A tapered recess is formed in that portion of the wafer support on which a wafer is placed. When a wafer is placed in the recess, the sloped surface inside this recess comes into contact with the edge of the wafer from beneath the wafer. The wafer is supported in a specific attitude by the sloped surface inside this recess.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus processes a substrate introduced into a chamber under a low pressure. The substrate processing apparatus comprises a vacuum pump for evacuating a chamber and a gas ejection portion provided in the vacuum pump for ejecting a gas toward the substrate. The vacuum pump is disposed in the vicinity of or inside of the chamber. The substrate processing apparatus further comprises a gas introduction path passed through at least a portion of a rotor in the vacuum pump for introducing the gas into the gas ejection portion. The gas ejection portion in the vacuum pump comprises a valve body for closing and opening a suction port provided on a chamber side of the vacuum pump. The vacuum pump has a moving mechanism for vertically moving the valve body.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transferring a substrate between a first environment having a first pressure and a second environment having a vacuum pressure is provided. In one embodiment, the apparatus comprises a chamber body having a first port disposed in a first wall and a second port disposed in a second wall that seals the chamber from the first and second environments. A cooling plate, a first substrate holder and a second substrate holder are disposed within the chamber body. The cooling plate is disposed at the bottom of the chamber body. The first port and the second port are sequentially opened and the pressure within the load lock regulated to allow substrate to pass through the load lock. A window is disposed in the top of the chamber body that allows a metrology device to view the chamber volume.

Abstract: A plasma reactor and methods for processing semiconductor substrates are described. An induction coil inductively couples power into the reactor to produce a plasma. A thin electrostatic shield is interposed between the induction coil and plasma to reduce capacitive coupling. The shield is electromagnetically thin such that inductive power passes through the shield to sustain the plasma while capacitive coupling is substantially attenuated. Reducing capacitive coupling reduces modulation of the plasma potential relative to the substrate and allows for more controllable processing.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for forming a diamond film from microwave plasma by controlling a manufacturing condition based on spectroscopic measurement of plasma emission to obtain a large area of a high-quality diamond film. In the method of forming a diamond film, a gas mixture of hydrocarbon gas and hydrogen gas is introduced into a reactor, where the gas mixture is excited by microwave which is also introduced into the reactor to generate plasma, and the light emitted from the plasma is spectroscopically measured. Furthermore, a formation condition of the diamond film is controlled such that the spectrum of a carbon molecule (C2) falls within a predetermined range of requirement.

Abstract: A vacuum-processing apparatus comprising a vacuum vessel, a processing chamber arranged in said vacuum vessel and a heater for heating a circumferential wall of said processing chamber, wherein a substrate is arranged in said processing chamber and said substrate is vacuum-processed in said processing chamber, characterized in that said vacuum-processing apparatus has a cooling plate arranged at a position to oppose said circumferential wall of said processing chamber for cooling said circumferential wall of said processing chamber, and a mechanism for moving said cooling plate so as to change a distance between said cooling plate and said circumferential wall of said processing chamber.

Abstract: An adjusting member which comprises a computer which is included in an apparatus for automatically milking animals and which adjusts the period the time that the animal is milked during a milking run to obtain optimal milk production from the animal over an extended period of time. A time duration plot of the milking run is initially determined based on milk quantity produced by the animal per unit time whereby an optimal duration of milking time during a milking run is calculated by the computer in consideration of the total milk produced by the animal over an extended period of time and the period of time according to the time duration plot that the milk flow rate is optimal. By limiting the duration of a milking run to approximately three minutes it has been determined that the total amount of milk produced by the animal over an extended period such as twenty-four hours is increased.

Abstract: A mobile aquarium includes a display tank mounted on a wheeled cart and a system for lowering the center of gravity of the aquarinum. In one embodiment, the system for lowering the center of gravity uses a storage tank that is lower than the display tank. The system transfers water from the display tank to the storage tank for moving. The lower water level in the display tank is kept high enough to provide a livable habitat for fish in the display tank. A background lighting system for the aquarium includes a light source and a semi-opaque sheet with a first image on a first side and a second image on a second side. The light source illuminates the sheet so that the second image shows through the first side of the sheet and appears behind the first image. In one embodiment, the first image has a graduate color that is lighter at one end than the other.

Abstract: A safety leash for an animal such as a dog which functions to control the dog at a fixed distance from its handler for training and safety purposes is disclosed. The present safety leash comprises an elongated rod or tubular member, which extends between a handgrip at one end and a collar fastener at an opposite end thereof for connecting to the collar of the dog or other animal. The rod or tubular member is constructed of a rigid material such as aluminum or plastic of a predetermined length. The rod or tubular member is provided with an external sheath of a durable, tear-resistant material suitable for this purpose. When the dog or other animal suddenly pulls on the leash, its movement is restrained by the length of the rigid rod or tubular member and the animal is maintained at a fixed distance from its handler. The safety leash may also be utilized as a training aid in teaching the animal desirable leash walking habits.

Abstract: A dog training lead includes first and second sound-producing strips or members. An elastic member is interposed between the first and second strips, and is connected at the opposite ends thereof to and in a coaxial manner with the lead. The elastic member is dimensioned to bias the terminal ends of the first and second strips toward each other to thereby place the central portions of the first and second strips in a first or laterally spaced-apart relationship relative to each other. Upon application of a sharp, corrective pull on the lead by a trainer, the elastic member elongates toward a second position, and this results in the central portions of the first and second strips contacting each other with sufficient speed and force to emit a sharp “snap” sound.

Abstract: Apparatus for the condensation of steam, includes a substructure, a fan supported by the substructure and a plurality of self-supported tube bundles which are arranged in a roof-shaped manner in opposing relationship with respect to a vertical center longitudinal plane and mounted to the substructure above the fan, with each of the tube bundles having an upper tube plate and a lower tube plate. A steam distribution duct is fluidly connected to the upper ends of the tube bundles, whereas condensate collection pipes are fluidly connected to the lower ends of the tube bundles. The upper tube plates of opposite tube bundles so mutually support one another as to allow a limited pivotal movement of the tube bundles, and the condensate collection pipes are so positioned on the substructure as to be shiftable relative to the substructure in parallel relationship to the center longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A system for transferring fuel from a fuel tank to an engine which allows an optimum water/fuel ratio (i.e., a ratio which will permit the engine to operate substantially normally while disposing of water in the fuel tank) to be transferred to the engine. The apparatus includes a fuel pump having two inlets in fluid communication with the vehicle fuel tank. A hydrophobic filter is associated with one of the inlets and is operative to prohibit water from entering the fuel pump. The inlets are sized to achieve an optimum water/fuel ratio for delivery to an internal combustion engine. In one exemplary embodiment, an adjustable orifice may be associated with the second inlet, such that the water content of the product transferred to the engine may be regulated depending on, e.g., the operational state of the engine.

Abstract: An electronic control unit (ECU) of an engine system starts a control (preheat) that supplies heat reserving hot water stored in a heat accumulating device to an engine prior to an engine start. The ECU determines a time that continues the preheat on the basis of a cooling water temperature of the engine so as to execute the engine start after a warming-up of the engine is reliably finished. Further, during the execution of the preheat, a lighting lamp is turned on, and that incidence is recognized to a driver. When the preheat is completed, the ECU automatically starts the engine.

Abstract: A device for regulating transmission oil temperature having a heat exchanger through which the oil flows and to which coolant from an internal combustion engine can be supplied through at least one valve controlled by a thermostatic operating element immersed in the oil, the device includes a flow control body attached to a heat exchanger in a flange-like manner, the flow control body containing an oil channel connected to an oil outlet of the heat exchanger into which a housing enclosing the thermostatic operating element projects for the detection of and response to the temperature of the oil exiting the heat exchanger, the thermostatic operating element having a work piston connected to an extension member which is connected to the at least one valve in the flow control body, the valve disposed between at least one coolant inlet and a coolant opening to the heat exchanger.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a chain saw having a two-cycle or two-stroke engine. The present invention also relates to a hand-held power tool such as a chain saw, trimmer, or power cutter having a two-cycle or two-stroke engine. The present invention further relates to a method for the construction of a hand-held power tool such as a chain saw, trimmer, or power cutter having a two-cycle or two-stroke engine. The chain saw, trimmer, or power cutter has a housing for containing a two-cycle engine with a crankcase having scavenging ducts.

Abstract: Fluid heating devices preferably include a housing defining an actuation chamber and having a suction port and a discharge port. The housing may comprise a front housing and a rear housing. Preferably, at least one of the front housing and/or the rear housing is made of a resin, such as polyphenylene sulfide. A rotor may be rotatably disposed within the actuation chamber. The rotor preferably operates to pressurize fluid drawn from the suction port and to release pressurized fluid from the discharge port. A drive shaft is preferably connected to the rotor. One end portion of the drive shaft may be rotatably supported by the front housing member via a bearing. A throttle may communicate with the pressurized fluid released from the discharge port and apply a braking force to the pressurized fluid.

Abstract: A fixing sleeve (2) for a spark plug (1) comprising coolant passages (3) which are arranged in the wall of the fixing sleeve (2) and which are oriented substantially in the longitudinal direction of the spark plug, wherein the fixing sleeve (2) comprises a metallic material whose thermal conductivity is over 60 W/m° C., preferably over 80 W/m° C.

Abstract: In an intake manifold, a resin intake air introduction portion has a semicircular lower intake pipe, a volume chamber and joints provided in the volume chamber at opposite sides and along an axis of the lower intake pipe. An aluminum intake air distribution portion has a semicircular upper intake pipe, which is combined with the lower intake conduit to constitute an intake conduit, and distribution pipes extending alternately in opposite directions so as to cross an axis of the upper intake pipe. The aluminum intake air distribution portion overlaps the resin intake air introduction portion on a side opposite to the engine. Each end of the distribution pipes is connected to the joints and each another end thereof is fixed to the engine. The lower intake pipe is provided in an axial center thereof with a communication bore through which intake air is supplied from the intake conduit via the volume chamber, the joints and the distribution pipes to the engine.

Abstract: A crankshaft holding structure 10 for use in an internal combustion engine has a front crankshaft 35 supported by a radial roller bearing 25 that is fixed to a crankcase 11 and has an inner side surface 26a. A land 40 of the front crankshaft 35 is held in abutment against the inner side surface 26a to limit crankshafts 30, 35 against axial elongation and deformation. The radial roller bearing 25 has an outside diameter D1 that is the same as an outside diameter of a radial ball bearing 20. The foregoing arrangement includes simplified bushings cast in a crankcase and having bearings press-fitted therein, that allows the bushings to be used as common parts.

Abstract: A method of controlling supply of combustion air in an internal combustion engine comprising at least one combustion chamber, a piston slidable in said combustion chamber and adapted to perform suction strokes, an inlet passage for feeding combustion air to said combustion chamber, an inlet valve for controlling flow of combustion air into said combustion chamber and adapted to be opened during opening periods, and a supplemental valve assembly disposed in said inlet passage and movable between opening and closing positions, in which method combustion air supply is selectively controlled by said supplemental valve assembly during said opening periods of said inlet valve such that combustion air supply to the combustion chamber during said suction strokes of the piston is interrupted prior to the end of the respective suction stroke or enabled only towards the end of the respective suction stroke or is enabled in two phases such that combustion air flows into the combustion chamber in a first phase during a fi

Abstract: There is provided a common rail which can effectively restrict a generation of a stress in a lower end inner peripheral edge portion of a branch hole and can improve an internal pressure fatigue strength in a branch pipe connecting portion, so that a secure and stable function can be obtained by having an excellent durability and preventing a fluid leakage due to a generation of the crack generation and a method of manufacturing a common rail in which a pressure application process by the press is only added to a normal manufacturing process, no complex equipment is required, a common rail having a high quality can be manufactured by a low cost without generating problems that an equipment cost is increased by an increase of the process and a productivity is reduced.

Abstract: A control circuit for controlling solenoid valves for fuel metering in an internal combustion engine (banks I and II) includes a recharge circuit having a throttle coil in series with a diode and with a storage capacitor, as well as an FET power transistor connected in parallel with the series circuit of the diode and the storage capacitor. The solenoid valves of the individual banks are switched off during the rapid extinguishing with a voltage produced by the recharge circuit. To minimize the influence of the supply voltage, which comprises a wide range, the HS-FET is switched off during the rapid extinguishing phases.

Abstract: A valve body of a spill valve is constructed of steel having a martensitic structure and a needle constructed of steel in which hard particles are dispersed in a matrix having a martensitic structure. A hardness difference between the matrix and the hard particles is equal to or smaller than 1000. By reducing the difference in hardness between the matrix and the hard particles of the needle, projections are prevented and detachment of hard particles by wear of the matrix and valve body wear by the exposed hard particle is provided while ensuring the hardness.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having a combustion heater is constructed to prevent a thermal damage to the structure of an intake system due to combustion heat emitted from the combustion heater. The engine includes the combustion heater operating at a cold time. Cooling water is warmed by heat of combustion gas emitted from the combustion heater when in combustion, thereby speeding up a warm-up of the engine and enhancing a performance of a car room heater of a vehicle mounted with the engine. In the thus constructed internal combustion engine having the combustion heater, fresh air entering an intake air passageway of the engine is mixed with the combustion gas of the combustion heater, whereby the fresh air becomes a combustion gas mixed intake air toward an engine body. A temperature of the combustion gas mixed intake air is obtained, and a combustion state of the combustion heater is controlled based on this temperature.

Abstract: An internal-combustion engine, in particular for a vehicle, is provided with a plurality of cylinders and a cylinder head which defines, for each cylinder, at least one exhaust duct and at least one intake duct; the engine is further provided with an exhaust manifold communicating with the exhaust ducts, and a system for recirculating exhaust gas from the exhaust manifold to the intake ducts; the system comprises a further manifold which distributes the recirculated exhaust gases to the intake ducts and communicates with the exhaust manifold through a recirculation duct provided at least partly directly in the cylinder head which is provided with a heat exchanger for cooling the recirculated exhaust gases.

Abstract: In the breather structure of an internal combustion engine for vehicles, an outer cover is installed through a sound absorbing material for noise suppression on the outside of a body cover. The body cover covers a power unit including at least one of the internal combustion engine and a power transmission device. An outlet of the breather provided in the power unit opens at the sound absorbing material. The present invention provides a breather structure having a simplified construction, a short breather passage, and is capable of preventing entry and attachment of dust and debris into and onto the breather structure.

Abstract: For a control model which simulates a control object ranging from the fuel injection valve up to the air-fuel ratio sensor, coefficients of a characteristic polynomial of the control model are calculated based on the pole arrangement scheme, with roots equal in number to the dead time of the control model being made 0, control parameters are calculated from the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial and from model parameters, and the air-fuel ratio correction factor is calculated from the control parameters. The control model is expressed in terms of a dead time plus first-order lag system, with the total number of roots being set greater by two than the number n of roots which are derived from the time lag, and unknown roots other than those of the dead time are solved based on formulas which are expressed in terms of a second-order lag system.

Abstract: A dressing center with a roller unit wherein a saw blade is smoothed. The saw blade is led centrically to an ideal plane between corresponding roller pairs. Each roller pair has a roller with a convex running surface and a roller with a concave running surface. The upper rollers are mounted in corresponding bearing blocks. The bearing blocks have threaded sleeves into which the threaded spindles engage. The threaded spindles are driven by stepper motors. The stepper motors are activated as a function of measured unevennesses. Movement of the upper rollers is achieved as a distance proportionally to the measured unevennesses. With a distance-proportional correction, the smoothing is practically achieved in one operating cycle, directly to a desired final measure. The continuously bearing roller pairs result in a method that functions with an extremely low noise level.

Abstract: A cooking grill having surfaces such as a hood, side table, a hood handle and control knobs which are to be contacted by the hands of the grill user, food, food juices and utensils provide sites for bacteria growth and cross-contamination to the food. Such surfaces contain an antimicrobial agent either incorporated in the material forming a component having the surface or a coating such as a paint or powder applied to a surface.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for an aerosol chamber having an input opening and an output opening with back pressure created in the chamber by an apertured barrier, such as a disk having a plurality of concentric and circumferentially disposed sets of openings with an umbrella valve having butterfly segments upon the openings to reduce the size of particles applied at the input opening before leaving the output opening.