Abstract: Via holes are plated through the substrate of a surface mount package. The leads of an electronic device is inserted in the plated-through via holes. The bottom of the plated through metal is enlarged as pads to provide reliable soldering surfaces to a motherboard. Upon heating the leads are soldered to the walls of the plated through via holes. Alternatively, the leads can be folded before inserting into the plated-through via holes.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling an underground boring tool involves the use of one or more of a gyroscope, accelerometer, and magnetometer sensor provided in or proximate the boring tool. The location of the boring tool is detected substantially in real-time. A controller produces a control signal substantially in real-time in response to the detected boring tool location and sensed parameters of a boring tool driving apparatus. The control signal is applied to the driving apparatus to control one or both of a rate and a direction of boring tool movement along the underground path. The gyroscope, accelerometer, and magnetometers may be of a conventional design, but are preferably of a solid-state design. Telemetry data is communicated electromagnetically, optically or capacitively between the navigation sensors at the boring tool and the controller via the drill string or an above-ground tracker unit.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for determining magnetometer errors during wellbore survey operations. It is capable of determining errors on up to three axes, with or without the use of an external reference measurement of the local magnetic field, and is capable of providing an accurate result using data from a minimum number of surveys. A model is used to correct the observed data and the corrected data are transformed from the tool coordinate system to a different coordinate system referenced to the earth. The difference between the corrected transformed data and reference data in the earth coordinate system is minimized to determine the model parameters. The present invention also provides a method for determining residual uncertainty in the measurements and for quality control of the measurements.

Abstract: A preferred novel circulating sub includes an electric motor, hydraulic intensifier, connecting rod, valve sleeve, valve plug, and angled nozzles. Upon activation of the circulating sub the electric motor drives the valve sleeve over the valve plug, causing a flow of drilling fluid to exit the angled nozzles. Upon deactivation of the circulating sub, the electric motor removes the valve sleeve from the valve plug, allowing the flow of drilling fluid to once again flow to the drill bit. Because the electric motor is reversible, the circulating sub can be repeatedly activated and deactivated.

Abstract: A person sitting on a stretcher or a chair has their weight taken by a board 10. That weight is transferred to pistons 20 to urge those pistons 20 down into liquid containers 16 to increase the pressure. The increased pressure from the action of the pistons is passed through to a control and display device 24 to give an indication of the weight of the patient which may comprise an alarm if a predetermined weight is exceeded.

Abstract: A removable color coded top plate for a commercial food service scale to prevent cross-contamination from weighing different raw foods. A rectangular top plate has a specially shaped slot underneath which removably engages an L-shaped connector rod held vertically on a scale having a weight indicator. The top plate can be made of transparent plastic. A color coding of top plates consisting of red for raw meat, blue for seafood, yellow for poultry, green for produce, tan for cooked meat, and clear for miscellaneous food can be employed. The color-coded top plate can be readily removed when weighing a different food, e.g., chicken after meat, to ensure no cross-contamination between these raw and cooked foods.

Abstract: A working vehicle such as a mobile agricultural machine is designed such that it has an improved working efficiency if any spinning turn is not required, and has an improved running property in a wet farm. The vehicle has a pair of right and left crawlers (2), a speed change apparatus (25) for imparting traction force to the crawlers, a speed change lever (73) operable to control the speed change apparatus so as to alter running speed of the vehicle in a step-less manner. The vehicle further has a steering apparatus (28) and a steering wheel (19) operable to control the steering apparatus so as to alter difference in the running speeds between the crawlers (2). The running speed generally determined for each crawler by the speed change lever (73) can be decreased voluntarily and proportionally to an operated angle of the steering wheel (19).

Abstract: The invention relates to a vehicle which can be used in particular as an agricultural vehicle and/or for construction purposes and comprises at least one vehicle frame, a drive and an undercarriage in each case.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for controlling performance of electric motors in a system having two or more electric motors, the motors adapted for being coupled to two or more wheels of an electric vehicle, each of the electric motors having armature and field coils which are independently excited by a source of voltage to generate armature and field currents, the armatures being connected in series to the voltage source include detecting a condition in the system indicating that one of the wheels is slipping, reducing power delivered to one of the motors that is associated with the slipping wheel in response to the detection of the condition, providing power to the one or more motors that are not associated with the slipping wheel after the power delivered to the motor associated with the slipping wheel is reduced, and restoring the power delivered to the one of the motors associated with the slipping wheel in response to a recovery event.

Abstract: A fuel battery mounted motorcycle has a lower center of gravity by disposing a reformer for generating hydrogen, together with a fuel battery and a secondary battery, in a lower portion of a floor of the motorcycle. The center of gravity of the motorcycle can be lowered and the floor can be effectively utilized for a purpose other than the original purpose of the floor.

Abstract: A snow removing machine equipped with a snow removing plate is disclosed. The snow removing plate is mounted to a front portion of a vehicle body which forms part of the snow removing machine. An operating handle having grip portions is mounted to a rear portion of the vehicle body and obliquely extends upward. A battery, an electric motor and a power transmission mechanism are located below a linear line intersecting between an upper end of the snow removing plate and the grip portion. This causes the battery, the electric motor and the power transmission mechanism to be located below a view line of an operator when he looks at the snow removing plate, avoiding the view line from being disturbed to allow the operator to look at the upper end of the snow removing plate in his working attitude for thereby providing ease of operation of the snow removing machine.

Abstract: Driving slip rates SLi of respective wheels are calculated, and if a driving slip is excessively large is judged based on the driving slip rates SLi. Further, if a vehicle is in a predetermined turning state is judged, and if the vehicle is in an accelerating state from taking off on a road surface where a difference between coefficients of friction of the road surface with respect to the left and right wheels is large is judged. In addition, if the vehicle is in a state in which a powertrain such as a differential should be protected is judged. Fuel supply to an engine is cut until a possibility of worsening of behavior has been eliminated when the driving slip is excessively large and there is a possibility of worsening of behavior due to turning and the like, and the driving slip is reduced by reduction of driving force. Then, execution of the cutting of fuel supply is prohibited for a predetermined time after execution of the cutting of fuel supply.

Abstract: A motorcycle, such as a scooter-type motorcycle, includes an engine main body. The engine main body is non-swingably supported by a frame at a location under a seat. A transmission case is swingably supported by the engine main body. A rear wheel is attached to the transmission case and hence swingable relative to the frame. A fuel system is provided atop the engine main body, and hence is not swingably relative to the frame. The engine main body has cylinder bores which are spaced across the width of the motorcycle. The cylinder bores are tilted upwardly and forwardly, so as to create a space below a forward portion of the engine main body. A fuel tank has a rear portion disposed below the forward portion of the engine main body.

Abstract: The present invention is an electric scooter having batteries concealed below the standing platform in a multipurpose battery pan, an anti-lock brake, a dual suspension, a stow and carry feature, integrated electronics including brake control, throttle control, safety measures and theft protection. The dual suspension scooter includes a chassis; a steering column; a front wheel rotatably mounted on a front axle assembly; a rear wheel rotatably mounted on a rear axle assembly; a front cantilevered suspension mechanism mounted between the steering column and the front axle assembly; and a rear suspension mechanism mounted between the rear end of the chassis and the rear axle assembly.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mowing machine having a four-wheel drive mechanism, together with a mowing unit below the machine body. The mowing machine according to the present invention has an engine in front or at the rear of the traveling machine body, a transmission case close to the engine, and the four-wheel drive mechanism for allowing driving front and rear wheels by transmitting drive force from the transmission case to rear and front axle cases, wherein a remote transmission part for transmitting the drive force to the axle case located more remote from the transmission case in the four-wheel drive mechanism is formed in an upwardly bent or curved shape, and a space for placing the mowing unit is provided below the remote transmission part. The mowing unit is provided below the traveling machine body movably upwards or downwards, and an expansion shaft expansible in an axial core direction is used to transmit the drive force from the engine to the mowing unit.

Abstract: A bearing system for an engine-transmission (motor-transmission) unit transversely installed in a vehicle body of a motor vehicle, includes a first bearing element positioned between the engine and the vehicle body, a second bearing element positioned between the engine or the transmission and the vehicle body, and a third bearing element positioned between the transmission and the vehicle body.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fuel tank (1) for heavy vehicles, said fuel tank being adapted for mounting to a vehicle frame (2) by means of at least one supporting bracket (3) which discloses a partly circular contact surface (4) against said fuel tank, wherein the tank (1) comprises two end gable sections (5, 6) and an essentially cylindrical casing section (7) which extends between said end gable sections. The invention is in particular characterized in that the fuel tank (1) comprises a first section (8) which is essentially partly circular and faces towards the vehicle frame (2) and is adapted for bearing against said partly circular contact surface (4) on the supporting bracket (3), and a second section (9) which is essentially rectangular and faces away from the vehicle frame (2).

Abstract: To present a motor brush structure capable of decreasing the current ripple and torque ripple substantially while minimizing the cost increase, and, by using the same motor, a motor-driven power steering device capable of suppressing generation of working sound, magnetostriction sound, radio noise, and cogging feel during steering operation. In a motor-driven power steering device used as a steering device for turning wheels such as front wheels of an automobile, a pair of shunt brushes for shunting are added to a pair of main brushes, these shunt brushes are disposed at positions for geometrically inverting the brush contact positions with segments, and it is composed so that the waveforms of the current flowing in the main brushes 11 from each segment of a commutator to each coil, the current into the shunt brushes, and the shunted current may be mutually inverted in phase to cancel each other.

Abstract: An electric power steering system determines an assist control quantity for assist control by multiplying a turning torque applied to a steering wheel by a control gain, a damping control quantity for damping control by multiplying a rotational speed of motor by a control gain and a feedback control quantity for steering angle feedback control from a deviation between a target rotational speed of motor determined on the basis of the turning torque and an actual rotational speed of motor, and controls an electric motor with a motor control quantity that is determined on the basis of the assist control quantity, the damping control quantity and the feedback control quantity.

Abstract: A steering system for a motor vehicle, which allows steer-by-wire operation, a hand-torque actuator being connected in the steer-by-wire mode to a steering handle, e.g. a steering wheel, to simulate a steering resistance or a restoring torque. In order to be able to ensure adequate operating safety for the vehicle if the hand-torque actuator fails, even if the steering system is operated on a steer-by-wire basis, damping means are provided, which damp adjusting movements of the steering handle by the driver in the steer-by-wire mode if the hand-torque actuator fails.

Abstract: A torque detecting apparatus which can detect steering torque applied on a steering shaft which connects a steering wheel and a steering mechanism from the steering wheel side and inverse input torque applied on the same from the steering mechanism side, and an electric power steering apparatus which can prevent deterioration of steering feeling when the inverse input torque acts, by driving and controlling the steering force assisting motor to cancel the inverse input torque. The torque detecting apparatus and the electric power steering apparatus judge that the inverse input torque is applied when a predetermined interrelation exists among a vehicle speed and angular velocities which are calculated at two positions distant in the axial direction of the steering shaft.

Abstract: A speaker apparatus which can remove undesirable vibrations and can produce sounds of excellent quality of acoustic signals having high audio frequencies is presented by increasing a strength of a flat joint portion and by properly setting a mass ratio between a central dome-like diaphragm and an edge-like diaphragm of a speaker diaphragm. This speaker apparatus includes a diaphragm portion in which a mass ratio of the edge-like diaphragm relative to the dome-like diaphragm falls within a predetermined range near 1 and a fixed portion at which a bobbin of a voice coil or an end face of a conductive one turn ring is bonded to and fixed to a flat portion for joining the dome-like diaphragm and the edge-like diaphragm so that mechanical strength of a joint flat portion of the diaphragms can be increased.

Abstract: A valve in an exhaust gas muffler device of a motor vehicle with exhaust gas conducting openings connecting the interior of a housing of the muffler device to outward of this housing in which one of the housing openings can be closed with a closure element situated within the housing and displaceably mounted on the housing. When the opening is closed, the closure element sealingly abuts on the edge of the opening. The displacement axis of the closure element runs perpendicularly with respect to the plane of the housing opening, and the closure element is coupled to a positioning motor.

Abstract: An operating device for a lifting platform, particularly for a vehicle lifting platform, includes a housing including a plurality of operating elements for operating the lifting platform. The housing is arranged in the floor in a sunken manner and includes a cover disposed on the floor level, in which the operating elements formed as foot switches are disposed.

Abstract: An elevator including a movable unit configured to ascend and descend in an elevator shaft, a guide rail installed on the elevator shaft via a plurality of rail support members and configured to guide the movable unit, a cable configured to hang the movable unit, and a driving unit mounted on the guide rail and configured to move the movable unit up and down by driving the cable. At least two securing members fixes one of the rail support members is fixed to a wall of the shaft by securing members separated from each other by an interval in the vertical direction.

Abstract: An aircraft tire chock comprising a triangular-shaped elongated body designed to fit against the surface of a tire on an aircraft. The body includes three longitudinally aligned support members. Disposed between the three support members is a plurality of triangular-shaped gussets, equally spaced apart and vertically aligned inside the body to support the support members. Aligned longitudinally between the support members are three, elongated replaceable bumpers that extend the full length of the elongated body between adjacent support members. Located over each end of the elongated body is an optional end cap. Formed inside each end cap and the end gussets is a centrally aligned bore. Disposed centrally through the bores in the end caps and the gussets is a short, longitudinally aligned pipe. Disposed inside the pipe is at least one short section of wire rope that is used as a pull handle to move or transport the chock.

Abstract: A braking system is provided for rail equipment supported for rolling movement on the rails of a railway. The braking system includes a pair of braking elements arranged to be supported laterally spaced apart on the rail equipment for engaging the respective rails of the railway. Each braking element includes an upper brake block for selectively engaging a top side and a side brake block for selectively engaging an inner side of the corresponding rail. Actuators are provided for urging the braking elements downward and outward in relation to the rail equipment. The actuators engage the braking elements with the respective rails to provide a wedging action between respective inner sides of the rails. This arrangement provides considerable braking force using a relatively simple construction.

Abstract: A brake cable-connecting apparatus for a drum brake, having a simplified structure and designed to permit a cable end to be steadily seated on a brake lever, thereby providing improved durability of an inner cable, and to further positively holds a brake cable in position, which otherwise would be disengaged from the brake lever. A drum brake comprises: slanted surfaces 27c, 28c for permitting an inner cable 29a to be deflected while a cable end 29b of a brake cable 29 is slid along an outer edge of a free end 26a of a brake lever 26, the cable end 29b being advanced from a direction in which the brake cable 29 is pulled, to a opposite direction in which the brake cable 29 is pulled; and, an opening formed in series with a cable-receiving groove 26b for receiving the inner cable 29a.

Abstract: A hydrodynamic clutch device, especially a hydrodynamic torque converter or fluid clutch, comprises a housing arrangement with a housing hub area, where a circumferentially extending fluid passage space is provided. This space is in fluid-exchange connection with a working fluid space in the housing arrangement and also in fluid-exchange connection or capable of being brought into such connection with a fluid passage opening provided in a power takeoff element. At least certain areas of the fluid passage space are divided into chambers arranged around the circumference.

Abstract: One way clutches are taught that preferably include a rotor having an outer surface, an outer sleeve having an inner surface and journaled on the rotor in spaced relationship. A tapered roller receiving space may be defined between the outer surface of the rotor and the inner surface of the outer sleeve, and a roller may be disposed within the roller receiving space. The inner surface of the outer sleeve and the outer surface of the rotor may be preferably shaped in such a way that a tapered angle defined between a first tangent line passing through a contact point of the roller and the rotor outer surface and a second tangent line passing through a contact point of the roller and the inner surface of the outer sleeve remains constant or substantially constant even if an engagement position of the roller within the roller receiving space is varied from an ideal position when the roller engages the tapered roller receiving space.

Abstract: A ratchet one-way clutch comprises an inner race and an outer race coaxially arranged to be relatively rotative; a pawl member arranged between the inner race and outer race to be fitted into a recessed portion provided for the outer circumferential face of the inner race or the inner circumferential face of the outer race for transmitting torque; a spring for biasing the pawl member to the outer circumference of inner race; and a bush for supporting the pawl member and spring to operate bearing for the inner race and outer race. For this clutch, a recessed portion is formed on the inner circumferential face of the bush.

Abstract: A ratchet one-way clutch comprises an inner race provided with recessed portions on the outer circumference; an outer race member arranged coaxially with the inner race, being provided with pockets on the inner circum-ferential side; a pawl member arranged for each of the pockets to transmit torque by being fitted into each of the recessed portions; and a biasing member for biasing the pawl member in the inner diametral direction to promote the fitting. For this clutch, an operating element is provided to relatively rotate with respect to the outer race member, and an elastic member resides inclusively between the outer race member and the operating element.

Abstract: A drive for a cooling fan at motor vehicles including a main cooling circuit and at least one secondary cooling circuit using a fluid friction clutch including a control element for the drive of the cooling fan is described.

Abstract: A coin discrimination method and device reliably acquires stable two-dimensional images of the surfaces of coins, and using the acquired two-dimensional images is able to perform discrimination, reliably and at high speed, between genuine and counterfeit coins, and between coin types. In a coin pathway configured so as to block interfering light, sensors are positioned at an image-capture position and at a position upstream from the image-capture position; an image sensor is caused to begin image capture simultaneously with the detection, by the sensor upstream of the image-capture position, of a coin, and illumination is emitted for a short time simultaneously with the detection, by the sensor at the image-capture position, of the coin, to acquire an image of the coin. Specific patterns are detected in a binary image obtained by converting the acquired image to binary level, and coin discrimination is performed based on the detected patterns.

Abstract: This escalator step, which may be formed of a fiber-reinforced synthetic material, has an improved rigidity and reduced bending stress when loaded. The escalator step is provided with at least one support mount which mechanically positively connects with a connecting axle for the escalator step chains.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a device for moving elements from a receiving location to delivery location which comprises a frame, two sets of stairs mounted on rectilinear, inclined slide bearings within the frame, a drive mechanism comprising a rocker assembly connected to both sets of stairs to reciprocate the stairs upwardly and downwardly on the bearings one set of stairs moving upwardly as the other moves downwardly.

Abstract: A magazine with removable inclined frames comprising a plurality of inclined frames arranged side by side in a parking area, each frame having, at its base, a carriage-like structure which carries the inclined frame so that it is mounted on, and slideable in, a pair of rails dedicated thereto in the parking area. A transfer structure is provided to the side of the parking area and comprises a shuttle to receive one or more carriages and to convey the carriage at right angles to the plane of arrangement of the frame. A motor is provided for producing the translational motion of the carriages on the shuttle, and additional motors are provided for producing the translational motion of the shuttle parallel to the parking area of the set of frames.

Abstract: A singulator includes a mechanism for actuating a portion of a conveyor to remove one item at a time from the conveyor end, a detection system, a control system that actuates the conveyor to remove items from the conveyor one at a time based on the item positions according to a scheme of: (1) selecting a first item, (2) actuating a portion of the conveyor underlying the first item between the first item and the end of the conveyor; (3) actuating a portion of the conveyor underlying the second item between the second item and the exit end of the conveyor when a gap between the trailing edge of the first item for removal and a leading edge of a second item for removal reaches a predetermined size; and (4) repeating steps (1)-(3) for additional items until all items in the group have exited the conveyor.

Abstract: A top and a bottom running motors 16, 18 are provided in a stacker crane 4, and a running speed pattern is set such that a motor subjected to heavier loads from an elevating and lowering table 8 outputs a predetermined torque. The present invention provides such control that the heavier-load-side running motor outputs the predetermined torque, so that the performance of the running motors can be maximized for running with a high acceleration and deceleration.

Abstract: A device for transferring articles from between two spaced locations, the device has at least two groups of inclined platforms, each platform having an upper article-receiving surface and a leading edge region, wherein each article-receiving surface of the first group is overlapped by a platform of the second group. The device is being operable to reciprocate each of the first group of platforms relative to a corresponding second platform between two positions, wherein the leading edge region of each of the first group of platforms is aligned with a corresponding leading edge region of a platform of the second group.

Abstract: An adjusting unit for an article carrier is disclosed. The adjusting unit includes adjustable support elements for receiving articles of different sizes, in particular for supporting printed circuit boards of different sizes with a frame. One frame member of the frame may be used as a support for an article to be carried. At least one additional supporting element is provided which is adapted to be adjusted relative to a frame member. In addition, arresting means are provided with the aid of which the supporting element can be arrested relative to the frame member. The arresting means is adaptable to be releasably arrested on a guide means, along which the supporting element is displaceable. Accordingly, the adjusting unit comprises adjustment means for adapting the adjustable supporting element of the article carrier to the size of the printed circuit boards to be accommodated.

Abstract: A belt assembly for a belt turn conveyor includes a belt with a plurality of longitudinal fibers generally aligned or oriented along the curved longitudinal axis of the belt. The belt may comprise a plurality of belt segments which are interconnected to form an endless belt, with each belt segment preferably including a plurality of longitudinal fibers aligned along the longitudinal axis of each respective belt segment. When interconnected, the longitudinal fibers of each belt segment generally align along the curved longitudinal axis of the belt. Alternately, the belt may be woven such that the longitudinal fibers are substantially aligned along the curved longitudinal axis of the curved belt. Thus, a belt assembly for a belt turn conveyor is provided that exhibits a more uniform stiffness along its length, which results in the belt assembly exhibiting reduced forces across its length thus increasing the belt's capacity and longevity.

Abstract: An assembly is disclosed for conveying and rotating/transferring individual containers or beverage bottle cases or the like articles as well as moving or, laterally in a direction orthogonal to the travel direction of the articles, transferring the same, the assembly comprising two or more substantially cylindrical conveyor rolls (15) that are parallel to each other and aligned longitudinally in the travel direction of the articles, the conveyor rolls being adapted rotatable about their axes in order to effect the rotation of the articles or transfer thereof in the lateral direction, plus one or more conveyor belts (12) or the like means for transferring the articles in the longitudinal direction of the conveyor rolls (15), the conveyor belts (12) being adapted to pass over belt support rolls (10).

Abstract: A circuit interrupter insertion/withdrawal mechanism including an interrupter moving device comprising a drive shaft operable by an external operating handle from outside of the interrupter compartment, a lever connected between the drive shaft and the interrupter for driving the interrupter between the disconnected and connected positions, and a motion translating device connected between the drive shaft and the interrupter for translating a rotary motion of the drive shaft into a linear motion of the interrupter between the disconnected and connected positions. The lever is rotatable between a disconnecting position corresponding to the disconnected position of the interrupter and a connecting position corresponding to the connected position of the interrupter, the disconnected and connected positions being at substantially diametrically opposed positions about a center of rotation of the lever.

Abstract: A sliding electrical switch (10) for use in a garment (32) has two spaced elongate flexible surfaces (16, 18), at least one electrical contact on each surface (22a, b, c, d, e, f), and a slider (20) slidable along the surfaces to cause electrical connection between the contacts. There may be a number of spaced contacts (22a, b, c, d, e, f), the slider (20) acting as a selector switch; or there may be two continuous spaced contacts (96, 98), movement of the slider (90) providing a variation in resistance. The slider can be a bead (20) running on cords (16, 18) attached to the edges of spaced pieces of fabric (14, 18); or a buckle (42) sliding on a strip (50); or a zip fastener traveller (66), adjacent teeth (64) of the zip being electrically connected (68); or a bead (90) running on lengths (82, 84) of flexible tubing with internally conductive strips (96, 98).

Abstract: A protrusion 24 that is formed on at least any one of a fixed substrate 10 and a moveable substrate 20 contacts the remained another substrate 20 or 10 after a moveable substrate 20 is operated and before the contacts are closed.

Abstract: A switch suitable for use in garments is provided. The switch comprises an arrangement of at least two electrically conductive contact portions provided in the form of textile fastener components. The textile fastener components may be stud fastener components mounted on fabric portions and normally separated by resilient biasing means such as compressible foam material. The application of a sufficient force causes the compressible foam material to yield allowing the textile fastener components to contact each other physically and therefore electrically. Removal of the applied force allows the foam material to return to its shape prior to yielding and therefore separate stud fastener components. The switch utilises components often found in clothing allowing the switch to be incorporated into garments using machinery and workforce skills widespread within the garment manufacturing industry.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the separation of a ketoxime or aldoxime from a ketoxime- or aldoxime-containing amide mixture in which the ketoxime or aldoxime is separated from the amide mixture by means of distillation.

Abstract: For the fractionation of viscous silicones, oily or polymeric diorganosilicones with a chain length of between 2 and 10 000 are separated into a top and a bottom product, preferably continuously in an extracting column, using compressed hydrocarbons such as ethane, propane and n- or i-butane, or mixtures thereof, at temperatures of between 25 and 250° C., pressures of between 20 and 500 bar and a gas density >160 kg/m3. To avoid viscosity problems, either an organic solvent in the form of a C5-8 alkane or up to 85 wt. % of the compressed gas (mixture) can be added to the starting materials prior to fractionation. With this process, high-quality viscous silicone fractions are obtained, which have a chain length of 200 to 10 000 and/or a viscosity of 100 to 500 000 mPas, and whose total oligomer content D4 to D20 is less than 0.05 wt. %.

Abstract: A gas conversion system for removing carbon dioxide from gases includes a duct through which gases are circulated. The duct has a port for introducing a reaction agent into the duct to the gases. An electron beam emitter is positioned relative to the duct for directing an electron beam into the duct to cause components of the carbon dioxide and the reaction agent to react to remove carbon dioxide from the gases and release oxygen.