Abstract: Here are provided rainfall intensity output means adapted to output rainfall intensity R as a value equivalent to a linear function of altitude H: R(H)=a H+b, and processing means adapted to identify parameters a and b in the above estimate equation by regression analysis using a measurement value obtained by rainfall vertical distribution. This invention provides thereby method and system for estimation of rainfall distribution based on rainfall spatial distribution in mountainous area.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for HF radar frequency sharing with GPS time modulation multiplexing. A method is provided that includes generating clock signals from the time information contained in a GPS signal. Radio frequency signals are transmitted and received in a sequence whose start times are dictated by the clock signals. The clock signals also control the modulation of the radio frequency signals. The radio frequency signals are modulated by using a sweep modulation. An apparatus to implement the method includes a GPS receiver, a state machine, a clock generator, a microprocessor, a memory chip, a signal synthesizer, and a digital data output device. The GPS receiver extracts time information from GPS signals. The state machine controls radar functions versus time. The microprocessor performs modulation multiplexing on radar signals.

Abstract: A level transmitter for use in a process application measures the height of a product level in a container, e.g., in a tank. The level transmitter includes an electromagnetic wave antenna directed into the tank. An electromagnetic wave source sends an electromagnetic wave signal through the electromagnetic wave antenna. An electromagnetic wave receiver receives the reflected electromagnetic wave signal. Measurement circuitry coupled to the source and receiver initiates transmitting of the electromagnetic wave signal and determines product level height based upon the received, reflected signal. Output circuitry transmits information related to product height. The device is suitable for use with containers having very small orifices for antenna insertion.

Abstract: First-arriving-pulse detector (FAP) circuitry includes a correlator circuitry and a threshold circuitry. The correlator circuitry correlates a received signal with a template signal to provide an output signal. The threshold circuitry provides a first-arriving-pulse signal depending on the relative values of the output signal of the correlator circuitry and a threshold signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining a reference time associated with a satellite positioning system. In turn, the reference time, in one embodiment, may be used to determine other navigational information. Such navigational information may include, for example, the location/position of a satellite positioning system (SPS) receiver. In one embodiment, a relative velocity between an SPS receiver and a set of one or more satellites is used to determine an offset between time as indicated by the SPS receiver and the reference time. According to another embodiment of the invention, an error statistic is used to determine the reference time. According to yet another embodiment of the invention, two records, each representing at least a portion of a satellite message, are compared to determine time. In one implementation, the SPS receiver is mobile and operates in conjunction with a basestation to determine time and/or other navigational information according to one or a combination of the methods described.

Abstract: A system and method for forming a beam and creating nulls. The inventive method combines frequency domain suppression technology for narrow-band jammer rejection with orthogonal weighting using Eigen analysis for jammer nulling and signal beam-forming for an array antenna system. The inventive system is adapted for use with an adaptive array antenna having a plurality of radiating elements. The system includes a frequency domain suppressor connected to the array antenna and an orthogonal weighting subsystem connected to the frequency domain suppressor. In the illustrative implementation, signals received by each radiating elements are processed by an analog front-end and digitized. The frequency domain suppressor includes a Fast Fourier transformer (FFT) and a frequency domain suppressor for each element in the array. The frequency domain suppressor further includes a threshold evaluator which reads the signals output by the FFT's and provides threshold controls to the spectral suppressors.

Abstract: The present invention offers an alternative method of tuning a meander line antenna. A layer of PN semiconductor material is inserted between a ground plane and a base element. A dc voltage is applied between the ground plane and the base element. A change in capacitance between the ground plane and the base element is effected. The impedance of the base element is thus changed, resulting in a change in the delay through the meander line tuning module as the propagation constant. This change in delay tunes the meander line antenna in the same manner as discrete switch elements by adjusting only a single voltage.

Abstract: A GPS receiver module (1) for receiving GPS signals and for determining position data therefrom is described, which is characterized in particular by a communications sub-module (3), to which the position data determined can be fed and by means of which said data can be converted into a format suitable for transmission to an a external appliance. The communications sub-module (3) is preferably a Bluetooth (BT) sub-module, by means of which the position data can be converted according to the Bluetooth standard and transmitted by wireless means. A dual band antenna particularly suitable for use with the GPS receiver module is furthermore described, by means of which it is not only possible to receive GPS signals, but also to establish a communications link with external appliances.

Abstract: A dual- or multi-frequency planar inverted F-antenna, wherein, a metal surface of the antenna matching the size and shape of the interior installation space of an equipment is installed on the top of a grounding surface, an open slot provided on the metal surface forms a common close end and an open end to thereby partitions the metal surface into a long section and a short section; a desired impedance matching between a short point and a feed point of the metal surface is obtained by adjusting positions of the short point and the feed point in pursuance of frequencies desired; the length of the long section from the short point to the open end of the open slot and the length from the short point to the end point of the short section are decided by dual- or multi-resonance frequencies in cooperating with the open slot which is deformed and curved.

Abstract: In a planar inverted F antenna (PIFA), the feed and RF grounding connections are reversed yielding improved performance. Relative positioning of these connections is selected to tailor the characteristics of the antenna, such as resonant frequency and impedance bandwidth.

Abstract: Meanderline loaded antennas having a wide bandwidth available for simultaneous or instantaneous use are disclosed. In one embodiment, the azimuthal angle of arrival associated with the antenna is provided by phase difference between signals at the RHCP and Vpol ports or by phase difference between signals at the LHCP and Vpol ports. In another embodiment, a quad meanderline loaded antenna is adapted to simultaneously provide four independent beams. Any beam direction can be synthesized by combining the independent beams.

Abstract: An electromagnetic borehole telemetry system providing improved signal to noise ratio. Adaptive filters use noise channels as references to remove noise from the signal channel. Directional detectors provide a signal channel with reduced noise content and improved noise channels with reduced signal content. Directional detectors may be magnetometers aligned with the magnetic field, or antennas aligned with the electric field, of signal or noise sources. Alignment may be performed by beam steering of the outputs of a three-channel detector, which may detect both signal and noise.

Abstract: A communication station (1) for contactless communication with suitably formed data carriers (DT1, DT2) has an antenna configuration (7) which has at least one antenna (8) with at least one pole and at least one antenna (13) with at least one essentially closed loop, and where the two antennas (8, 13) are loosely electromagnetically coupled together.

Abstract: The invention relates to a Interactive Satellite Terminal antenna system comprising an antenna to which is associated a feed horn.

Abstract: A multi-band radial horn antenna is disclosed that has a precision 50 ohm feed line to ensure a match to a 50 ohm transmission line. The feed probe of the antenna has a threaded section that allows the antenna to be tuned quickly and precise in the field to provide maximum antenna performance. Once adjusted, a small locking nut is tightened to retain the physical location position. The antenna is economical to build as it has only four major parts. In operation, the antenna was found to have a 1.15 to 1 Standing Wave Ratio, a decade of frequency bandwidth and a low angle of radiation.

Abstract: A multi-beam antenna system including a parabolic reflector with a parallelogram perimeter, which is illuminated by a plurality of feed elements; so that the parabolic reflector reflects a first beam corresponding to one frequency that illuminates a first parallelogram spot, a second beam corresponding to the same frequency that illuminates a second parallelogram spot, such that the first and second spots are parallelepiped arranged one un-adjacent another of the same frequency are generally un-adjacent.

Abstract: A multibeam antenna for receiving and transmitting microwaves from satellites comprises a parabolic reflector (12) with parallelogram rim and a plurality of feed elements (13) which are located alongside one edge of the reflector (12) close to focus with minimum distance to the center of the reflector (12). The feed elements (13) are arranged along lines close to 45, 135, 225, 315 degree from main axes of parallelogram rim.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for enabling far-field radio-frequency communications with an implantable medical device in which an antenna is embedded within a dielectric around the periphery of the device. Such a circumferential antenna saves space while still permitting far-field telemetry over a desired range of frequencies.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to, in a first aspect, an antenna array stimulation system. In one embodiment the system comprises an array of radiating elements, a conductive layer adjacent the array of radiating elements adapted to receive electrical energy from, or couple electrical energy to, the array, and at least one connection device adapted to couple the electrical energy between the conductive layer and a test unit, wherein antenna performance degradation due to potential losses in coupling the energy between the conductive layer and the test unit are minimized.

Abstract: A display device convertible between a cave configuration and a wall configuration is disclosed. The present display device includes a first display module having a display screen including first and second opposite peripheral edges and a first video projector for displaying an image on the display screen.

Abstract: A wireless drawing command transmitting unit includes a wireless transmitter operative to transmit drawing commands associated with a master image renderer. A wireless drawing command receiving unit includes a wireless receiver operative to receive the transmitted drawing commands and generates an image for a display device using the drawing commands transmitted wirelessly. In addition, the wireless drawing command receiving unit transmits drawing command throttle data back to the wireless drawing command transmitting unit to throttle transmission of drawing commands that are sent by the drawing command transmitting unit. A method for providing wireless display of images is also disclosed.

Abstract: In creating visual effects with lighting apparatus, a digital image projector is adapted to receive digital image information and to project an image beam, a beam director directs the image beam in a plurality of directions over the set and an image processor processes the digital image information in accordance with the direction of the beam.

Abstract: A three-dimensional (3D) graphic generation apparatus and its generation method according to the present invention generate high quality 3D graphics from two-dimensional (2D) graphics such as characters, without requiring difficult operations. Triangulation is performed using outline data corresponding to a sequence of all points which form an outline of a 2D graphic including a 2D character or the like, and thereafter configurations of the triangles are changed using the outline segments. The generated triangles are judged whether or not they are components of the character, and triangles that have been judged as the components are spatially moved, thereby generating the top surface. Further, side surfaces are generated by connecting corresponding points, thereby generating a 3D graphic.

Abstract: A virtual reality viewing system generally including sensors responsive to selected motions of a viewer operable to generate signals corresponding to such motions providing a sequence of viewing perspectives; a processor for measuring an increase in magnitude of such signals at selected time intervals, generating a spline corresponding to the magnitudes of such signals at such selected time intervals, projecting probable subsequent viewing perspectives that will occur in subsequent time intervals and generating images corresponding to such probable subsequent viewing perspectives and a screen for displaying such images to the viewer as current viewing perspectives.

Abstract: A virtual reality viewing system and method senses the motions of a viewer providing a sequence of viewing perspectives and creates a real time image to the viewer based upon a probable viewing image. The system and method accounts for latency between the movement of the viewer and generation of the viewed image by generating a spline based upon measured velocities of the viewer's head and creates a look-ahead velocity based upon the spline and a dampening factor. Then an image is generated based upon the look-ahead velocities and displayed to the viewer. The dampening factor smoothes the look-ahead velocities by adding latency back into the look-ahead velocities to account for sudden movements of the viewer.

Abstract: A PDP apparatus, the peak luminance of which has been improved with little modification of the existing circuit structure, has been disclosed, in which a thinning process that shortens an address period by hiding part of display lines in a fixed subfield of a low luminance is performed, the saved time is increased by an amount corresponding to that from which the luminance weight (the number of sustain discharge pulses, that is, the length of the sustain discharge period) of the thinned subfield of a low luminance is subtracted, and the remaining time is allocated at the ratio of the luminance weights on completion of the first step in each subfield.

Abstract: A scan electrode driving apparatus of an AC PDP including a plurality of address electrodes and a plurality of scan electrodes and sustain electrodes alternately arranged to make pairs with each other, and having a panel capacitor between the scan electrodes and the sustain electrodes, includes a power recovery unit for supplying power to a panel in order to apply waveforms for sustain-discharge and recovering and re-using the supplied power, a ramp waveform applier for supplying a pulse signal for resetting the states of the respective discharge cells on the basis of the power received from the power recovery unit, and a scan pulse generator for accumulating a wall charge into the addressed discharge cells.

Abstract: A driving apparatus for a capacitive light emitting element display panel which comprises a driving apparatus for supplying a first predetermined potential to one selected scanning line, supplying a second predetermined potential higher than the first predetermined potential to scanning lines other than the one scanning line, supplying a driving current to a light emission drive line corresponding to a capacitive light emitting element driven to emit light, and supplying a third predetermined potential higher than the first predetermined potential and lower than a light emission threshold voltage to drive lines other than the light emission drive line, wherein the third predetermined potential is generated from a current discharge terminal of a voltage source connected to a predetermined load circuit for supplying a power supply voltage to the predetermined load circuit.

Abstract: False contouring during display by time division gray scales can be prevented with high efficiency. The order of appearance of subframe periods, and the times at which the subframe periods begin, are changed between pixels driven by odd number gate signal lines and pixels driven by even number gate signal lines. For example, assume that display is performed in a display period Tr1 of a subframe period SF1, a display period Tr2 of a subframe period SF2, and a display period Tr3 of a subframe period SF3. The order of appearance of the display periods is changed between pixels driven by the odd number gate signal lines (B1) and pixels driven by the even number gate signal lines (B2). Although the non-light emitting display periods (display periods Tr3, Tr2, and Tr1) are continuous over nearly one frame period in the odd number lines of pixels when there is a gray scale change, non-light emission and light emission are repeated alternately at the same time for the even number lines of pixels.

Abstract: A light emitting unit represented by an image display unit includes chips, each of which is formed by burying a light emitting device such as a GaN based semiconductor light emitting device in a resin, wherein external terminals connected to the light emitting device buried in each chip are provided on the chip, and a drive control device such as a pixel transistor for controlling the drive of the light emitting device are connected to the external terminals in a state being at least partially overlapped to the chip. Such an image display unit is advantageous in improving a device density such as a pixel density, enhancing the connection reliability by increasing the diameters of via-holes for wiring without excessively reducing the size of each chip, improving the fabrication yield, facilitating the handling of the chip (or device) at the time of bonding by increasing the apparent area of the chip (or device), and lowering the required specification in terms of alignment accuracy of the chip (or device).

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) device includes means for selectively connecting at least two data lines together to provide image data to pixels of a defective column due to either a defective column line (e.g., a line break) or a defective column driver. The means preferably includes a plurality of switches for connecting the two data lines together. The switches may either be cross-column switches extending between the two data lines, or may be column test switches used in a column calibration procedure and connecting the two columns each to a common column test line. Registers are preferably also provided for each switch to store therein a data value indicating whether the switch should be opened or closed. The registers may comprise a shift register.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an improved structure of highly fine bight valve device.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix, a plurality of video signal lines for supplying video signal voltages to the plurality of pixels and a drive circuit for selecting a voltage level of a gray scale voltage varying periodically, as one of the video signal voltages corresponding to display data to be supplied to one of the plurality of pixels. The drive circuit has a plurality of series combinations of plural processing circuits, each of the plurality of series combinations of plural processing circuits corresponding to one of the plurality of video signal lines, each of the plural processing circuits includes a switching element which is activated by the display data and a respective one of the plurality of series combinations of the plural processing circuits determines a time to select the voltage level.

Abstract: Three electrodes (8, 9, 10) per pixel are used instead of the conventional two. In this way, a change of the orientation of LC molecules (3) can be regulated at will so as to obtain faster switching.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for driving a liquid crystal display panel that is capable of driving a liquid crystal display panel having five color dots within one pixel. In the method, adjacent first color sub-pixels spaced at a desired distance, of a plurality of first color sub-pixels arranged at the middle portion of a pixel are shorted to apply a first color data to said adjacent first color sub-pixels. A second color data is applied to a plurality of second color sub-pixels arranged at one edge of said middle portion within said one pixel. A third color data is applied to a plurality of third color sub-pixels arranged at other edge of said middle portion within said one pixel.

Abstract: A matrix of liquid crystal pixels (160) is provided. A digital-to-analog converter (DAC) (150) is coupled to the matrix and produces an output voltage that can be applied to one or more pixels in the matrix. The DAC (150) receives a multi-bit digital input and generates its output voltage to correspond to the digital input. The conversion function of the DAC is adapted to have a higher resolution within a voltage range in which most grayshade changes of the LCD occur.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device which divides a pixel into a plurality of sub-pixels. In the liquid crystal display device, a gradation and a brightness in each of the sub-pixels have a non-linear relation to each other, and a desired brightness for the pixel is selected by selecting a gradation in each of the sub-pixels.

Abstract: Row addressing circuitry for implementing random row selection, pre-writes, and bi-directional scrolling includes a plurality of decoders, each connected to an address bus, each having a decoder enable input, and each producing row enable signals for rows of a pixel array. Row enable information for each row from each decoder is logically combined together to produce composite row drive information. Beneficially, each decoder is connected to the same address bus, and each decoder enable signal is produced from a common controller. By using the row enable signals, in synchronization with address information on the address bus, the correct row drive information, such as pre-writes or image information, is applied to each of pixels. Bi-directional scrolling can be implemented by enabling two rows to accept the same image information.

Abstract: A driver for driving a liquid crystal panel that includes a pair of substrates, a liquid crystal sandwiched between the substrates, a plurality of signal lines (31) which are arranged in a first given direction on a substrate and to which an image signal is supplied, a plurality of scanning lines (32) which are arranged in a second direction and to which a scan signal is supplied sequentially, and a plurality of pixels arranged in the form of a matrix on the surface of a substrate opposed to the liquid crystal, and driven with the image signal and scan signal supplied over the plurality of signal lines and plurality of scanning lines comprises: an image signal supply unit (101 to 104) including a first-direction shift register that has a plurality of stages (1a) and supplying the image signal sequentially to the plurality of signal lines in a first direction according to a transfer signal sequentially generated by the first-direction shift register, and a scan signal supply unit including a second-direction s

Abstract: A device for displaying images only to an authorized user includes a display device configured to display the images. The display device includes a backlight for generating incident light of mixed polarization, a first polarization rotator, and a first polarizer disposed between the backlight and the first polarization rotator. An optical shutter device is configured to view the displayed images. The optical shutter device includes a second polarization rotator and a second polarizer. The first and second polarization rotators are synchronously rotated while displaying the images so that the image are only perceived by the authorized user viewing the display device through the optical shutter device.

Abstract: A pen-sized keyboard arrangement of the present invention comprises a flexible keyboard member, a rolling mechanism and an electrical connection unit. The rolling mechanism includes a base and an elongated rolling pole pivotally connected to the base. The rolling mechanism defines a longitudinally extending an elongated groove. One end of the rolling mechanism is pivotally connected to the base. The other end thereof is used for being rotated by a user for rolling in and pull out the flexible keyboard member. The flexible keyboard member includes a buffer for absorbing the deformation of the flexible keyboard member when the flexible keyboard member is rolled in or pulled out. The rotating mechanism can rotate the electrical connection unit about a desired angle for being properly viewed by a user. Such a keyboard arrangement is apparently easy for being carried and provides a large area for each key-press thereby facilitating a rotating operation by a user.

Abstract: An inputting device, an electronic instrument using this inputting device, and an inputting method thereof, in which displacement of an operating section in the direction slanting for the X or the Y direction is detected and the movement of a moving object such as a cursor on a display can be controlled easily and precisely, are provided. The operating section is displaced about in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction for a plane being almost parallel to the surface of a cabinet. In case that orthogonal coordinates having the X axis and the Y axis are set on the plane being almost parallel to the surface of the cabinet, horizontal direction sensors detect the displacement of the operating section in the direction slanting for the X or Y direction, in addition to in the X or Y direction. The cursor moves on the display based on the displacement of the operating section about in the horizontal direction.

Abstract: A wearable electronic device which includes a base, a display mounted to the base, a user-controllable cursor, a cursor controller for allowing the user to control the position of the cursor on the display, wherein the cursor controller is responsive to a control stimulus from the user acting in a cursor control area remote from the base.

Abstract: An optical mouse has a housing, a roller ball, a light source, and control circuitry. The housing has a flat bottom surface and a first opening on the bottom surface. The roller ball is rotatably disposed inside the housing. The light source is disposed inside the housing for generating light to illuminate the roller ball. The control circuitry is disposed inside the housing for controlling operations of the optical mouse. The control circuitry has a light sensor for detecting variations of light reflected from the roller ball.

Abstract: A combination primary mouse controller and child's mouse controller for controlling a computer through a computer port includes a primary mouse controller and a child's mouse controller. The primary mouse controller is shaped for use by an adult user once the primary mouse controller has been operably attached to the computer port. The child's mouse controller is shaped for use by a child user and is capable of operable engagement with the primary mouse controller. The primary mouse controller includes a sensor for sensing insertion of the second connector into the auxiliary port. The primary mouse controller also includes a selector for directing control between the input mechanism and the auxiliary port in response to the sensor such that the input mechanism is operatively connected with the connector until the second connector is inserted into the auxiliary port, upon which the operative connection is switched from the input mechanism to the auxiliary port.

Abstract: A computer input device having a housing and a finger-engagable scrolling device. A portion of the scrolling device is endlessly rotatable about a first axis to preferably cause vertical scrolling of an image on a display. The scrolling device is pivotally movable relative to the housing about a second axis perpendicular to the first axis. The first axis and the second axis may lie in a common plane or otherwise be close to one another to provide a large range of possible angular motion. A sensor is preferably positioned within the finger-engagable scrolling device for rotational movement of the rotational portion of the finger-engagable scrolling device. A pivot sensor may be provided on the second axis or laterally disposed from the scrolling device. A cover with an aperture may be provided over the scrolling device to help prevent dust and other contaminates from entering the housing through the opening for the scrolling device.

Abstract: A keyboard device for a portable electronic device includes a keyboard body having a plurality of key switches arranged on its upper surface, a connecting member to connect the keyboard body to a portable electronic device, and a power supply to one of drive and charge the portable electronic device. The keyboard body, the connecting member, and the power supply are held together inside a housing.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for dynamically rendering transparent ink strokes, in some situations such that the rendered ink stroke has transparency similar to physical ink while it is being drawn. For example, the ink stroke may be dynamically rendered as a stroke having uniform transparency while it is being drawn. Only the new ink segment that has most recently been added to the stroke may be drawn, and areas of the new ink segment that overlap older segments of the ink stroke may be frozen, or excluded from being re-painted.

Abstract: A dynamic graphical user interface specific to touch screen panel is disclosed. The graphical user interface includes a window for showing information content and a graphical menu comprising touch-selectable elements, such as icons or buttons. The graphical user interface is designed so that the graphical menu is displayed when sensing means detects a presence in the vicinity of the panel. The display of the menu causes a modification of the showing of the information content. The menu may cause the window to be reduced or the menu may overlap the window. After a predetermined elapsed period of time, the menu is hidden again and the window restaured.

Abstract: An input/output device is disclosed that includes a digitizer with an LCD mounted thereon and a protective layer mounted directly on the LCD to minimize the parallax errors that have heretofore occurred when a protective layer was mounted in a spaced relation from an LCD. The LCD is a fringe field switching (FFS) LCD which does not distort when pressure is applied to its upper surface through the directly connected protective layer.