Abstract: A hydraulic power generation system is provided for generating power using a pseudo-osmosis process which efficiently exploits the osmotic energy potential between two bodies of water having different salinity concentrations. The method and apparatus of the present invention does not require the use of a semi-permeable membrane or other specially formulated material, nor does it require heating or cooling of the fresh water or salt water solution. Moreover, the device may be used to recover energy from a wide variety of fresh water sources, including treated or untreated river run-off, treated waste-water run-off or effluent, storm-drain run-off, partly contaminated fresh water run-off, and a wide variety of other fresh water sources. The device is well suited to power production in a wide variety of geographic locations and under a wide variety of conditions.

Abstract: A passenger detection system is presented so that the master control circuit in the system instructs the passenger airbag control circuit controlling the operation of the airbag designated for the passenger seat to be in the deployable state or not-deployable state, depending on the seating conditions of a passenger sitting on the passenger seat, for example whether the passenger is an adult or a child.

Abstract: An adapter cable designed to power the CHATS computer system in a military vehicle by utilizing a 24-volt DC power outlet to provide power to the computer system's internal transformer, allowing the vehicle's generator to recharge the computer's battery as well as operate the computer and all associated components. The adapter cable's ten (10) foot length added to the CHATS power cable's length of approximately five (5) feet allows the user to operate the CHATS computer system in a remote location up to 15 feet from the vehicle while still relying on the vehicle's electrical system for power. This eliminates the need for a portable generator and greatly extends the time that the computer system can be operated in remote locations. This time limit is governed only by the amount of fuel required to operate the supporting vehicle for half an hour every five hours.

Abstract: An error detection circuit for an airbag deployment control system includes a delay circuit receiving an analog acceleration signal, a difference circuit producing a difference signal based on a time difference between the original and delayed acceleration signals, and a first comparator circuit comparing the difference signal to first and second threshold signals. If the difference signal falls within an error region defined between the first and second threshold values, a decision circuit inhibits an otherwise pending airbag deployment event. If, on the other hand, the difference signal falls outside of the error region, the decision circuit allows airbag deployment with minimal delay.

Abstract: A housing for a remote car starter that activates such starter at pre-set times of the day, and/or in response to a telephonically-originated message, comprises a cavitated area, an activation panel, a servomotor, and a timer and/or a dial-up sub-unit. The user places the transmitter of an existing remote car starter into the housing, places pins into the hole(s) opposite the start button(s) of the remote car starter, closes the housing and places the housing into the glove box or trunk of the car. The activation panel contains a series of holes arranged in two-dimensional fashion for positioning one or more pins opposite the transmitter's button or other activator. The timer includes means for setting at least one time of day for the timer cause activation of the servo-motor. In the dial-up embodiment, the dial-up sub-unit functions in manner similar to conventional beepers: a telephonically-originated message causes it to activate the servomotor.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment of the invention is a power system including a first power source, a first DC bus coupled to the first power source and a second DC bus coupled to the first power source. A power conditioning device is coupled to the first DC bus and the second DC bus. A load receives power from the power conditioning device.

Abstract: An isolation transformer is provided having primary and secondary cores (2, 4) and primary and secondary coils (3, 5), with the primary coil and the secondary coil being disposed with a gap G provided therebetween. Each of the primary coil and the secondary coil is formed of a wire having at least two substantially parallel long sides, and a length of the two long sides in each of the wires is set to be longer than a distance between the two long sides in each of the wires. Each of the wires is wound to have a plurality of turns in a manner such that an outer one of the two long sides of each inner one of the turns is adjacent to an inner one of the two long sides of each respective adjacent outer one of the turns.

Abstract: In a method for damping power oscillations in a transmission line, at least one first angular-frequency signal is generated, representing a first angular frequency which is given by a prior knowledge of oscillation frequencies expected in the power system, and a first phase-reference signal is formed as the time integral of the angular-frequency signal. A power quantity in the transmission line characterizing the power is sensed and a first estimated power quantity is formed, representing for an oscillation of the first angular frequency, its amplitude and phase position relative to the first phase-reference signal. A first damping signal is formed with an amplitude dependent on the amplitude of the first estimated power quantity and with a first phase shift in relation to the phase position thereof, and the first damping signal is supplied to an actuator for influencing the power transmitted in the transmission line.

Abstract: A voltage sag and over-voltage compensation device for an AC electric power distribution system employing cascaded switching devices and a pulse width modulated autotransformer. The autotransformer typically includes lower, center, and upper poles or taps with cascaded switching devices for selectively connecting the voltage source (i.e., a phase of the distribution line) between the lower pole and the center or upper poles. Each stage of the cascaded switching device includes a switching element located within a full-bridge rectifier circuit to allow bi-directional switching through each switching element (i.e., switching through the same switching element during the positive and negative portions of the AC voltage cycle).

Abstract: An improved linear oscillating actuator is capable of minimizing the undesired vibrations while moving first and second oscillators in parallel paths. The first and second oscillators carry first and second drive elements respectively for driving connection to individual reciprocating loads. The first and second drive elements project upwardly respectively from the first and second oscillators such that the first drive element is disposed immediately upwardly of the second oscillator and the second drive elements is disposed immediately upwardly of the first oscillator. With this reverse arrangement of the first and second drive elements relative to the first and second oscillators, the individual oscillating systems each including the oscillator, the drive element and the corresponding reciprocating load can have its mass center disposed in close proximity to a mass center of the actuator, thereby enabling to reduce undesired vibrations which would otherwise occur around the mass center of the actuator.

Abstract: A bicycle hub includes a hub axle and a hub shell including a first tubular member having a first hub flange secured thereto and a separate second tubular member having a second hub flange secured thereto. Bearings are disposed between the hub shell and the hub axle for rotatably supporting the first tubular member and the second tubular member relative to the hub axle. A generator mechanism is housed in the first tubular member and adapted to generate electricity by rotation of the first tubular member relative to the hub axle, and a brake force adjusting mechanism is housed in the second tubular member and adapted to limit a maximum damping force of a brake.

Abstract: A motor apparatus having a rotor placed rotatably on a stator base, and providing a FG signal for controlling the rotation of the rotor. The motor apparatus further includes driving magnet for having a plurality of magnetic poles placed on the outer circumference of the rotor and having a magnetic flux density pattern magnetized either third or fifth harmonic component, and FG coil provided on the circumference of the rotor in the position opposing to the magnetic pole for driving magnet, for supplying the FG signal by occurrence of an electric signal for magnetomotive force in the magnetic field. The driving magnet of the motor apparatus is having a magnetic flux density which reaches to the FG coil within the range of 0.2 to 0.6 T (Tesla) so that inequable rotation of the motor can be suppressed.

Abstract: An end shield for an electric motor is provided with an integrally formed component compartment. The component compartment is mounted on a peripheral edge of the end shield. The component compartment has a hollow interior volume and a motor component used for controlling operation of the motor is received in the component compartment. The motor component is housed and protected in the component compartment.

Abstract: An electromagnetic rotary drive, designed as bearingless motor, is proposed which comprises a magnetically journalled rotor (3) and a stator (2) which comprises a drive winding for producing a magnetic rotary drive field which produces a torque on the rotor (3), and a control winding for producing a magnetic rotary control field by means of which the position of the rotor (3) with respect to the stator (2) can be regulated, with the stator (2) having exactly six stator teeth (21).

Abstract: To provide a magnetic bearing type vacuum pump, which can suppress the generation of eddy current on a shaft to be small in heat generation on the shaft and to be excellent in efficiency. In a shaft, an electromagnet target composing a target for electromagnets composing a radial magnetic bearing portion, a radial sensor target composing a target for a coil detecting a displacement of the shaft in the vicinity of the magnetic bearing portion and a collar between the electromagnet target and the radial sensor target are composed of laminated steel plates, so that the generation of eddy current caused on the shaft due to magnetic field generated in the magnetic bearing portion is reduced.

Abstract: A motor device including a pair of motor units and a driven member meshed with rotary gears of the pair of motor units to drive the driven member, the motor units each including a rotary magnet that is cylindrical and magnetized so as to have different magnetic poles in turn along the circumferential direction, a rotary gear having a plurality of teeth, the rotary gear rotating about the rotation axis of the rotary magnet together with the rotary magnet, and a stator member having a plurality of outer magnetic poles that are arranged on the outer periphery of the rotary magnet and a plurality of inner magnetic poles that are arranged on the inner periphery of the rotary magnet and are opposed to the outer magnetic poles, the plural outer magnetic poles and the plural inner magnetic poles being excited by a coil.

Abstract: A high efficiency electric motor has a generally polyhedrally shaped bulk amorphous metal magnetic component in which a plurality of layers of amorphous metal strips are laminated together to form a generally three-dimensional part having the shape of a polyhedron. The bulk amorphous metal magnetic component may include an arcuate surface, and preferably includes two arcuate surfaces that are disposed opposite to each other. The magnetic component is operable at frequencies ranging from between approximately 60 Hz and 20,000 Hz and exhibits (i) a core-loss of less than or approximately equal to 1 watt-per-kilogram of amorphous metal material when operated at a frequency of approximately 60 Hz and at a flux density of approximately 1.4 Tesla (T); (ii) a core-loss of less than or approximately equal to 20 watts-per-kilogram of amorphous metal material when operated at a frequency of approximately 1000 Hz and at a flux density of approximately 1.

Abstract: The invention concerns a brush system for a commutated DC motor. As the brush wears, different cross-sectional shapes, at different positions, come into contact with the commutator. The center of contact for each cross-sectional shape can be different, thereby changing brush angle as wear occurs. The change in brush angle can be desirable, in order to offset other effects which occur as a result of wear. For example, motor speed can change as a result of brush wear. Changing brush angle can offset the change in speed.

Abstract: Each tooth of a stator core has circumferential projections at an inner tooth edge and circumferential notches at a base portion adjacent to a core back. A width of the teeth at the base portion is larger than a width of the same at the tooth edge. Therefore, the magnetic reluctance of the teeth does not increase. In addition, a plurality of the magnetic strips can be formed from a long and thin magnetic sheet. This increases the yield percentage of the magnetic strip and reduces a manpower of manufacturing the magnetic strip. Further, the notches make it easy to wind the magnetic strip into a cylindrical core.

Abstract: A shaft 2 of a spindle motor is composed of a steel material including 0.20 wt % of C, 0.35 wt % of Si, 8.00 wt % of Mn, higher than 0 and equal to or less than 0.05 wt % of P, 0.15 wt % of S, higher than 0 and equal to or less than 2.00 wt % of Ni and 14.00 wt % of Cr and the remainder substantially being Fe. The steel material has corrosion resistance with no plating requirement and wear resistance with no need for a heat treatment and/or a soft nitriding. Further, when considering a conventionally employed stainless steel, Pb has been frequently added thereto in order to improve machinability. On the contrary, the steel material according to the embodiments of the present invention is Pb-free material. Since the shaft of the spindle motor is manufactured by a material high in its wear resistance, corrosion resistance and workability and in which the generation of the out gas of sulfur and sulfur compounds is suppressed low, the qualities of electronic devices and communication devices, etc.

Abstract: A stacked electro-mechanical energy conversion element includes a plurality of layers made of a material having an electro-mechanical energy conversion function on which a plurality of electrode areas are formed, a first layer having an electro-conductive portion formed from the electrode area to a side face which is a non-stacked surface area, a second layer having a through-hole formed therein by an electro-conductive member, a third layer having an electro-conductive film which communicates the electro-conductive portion of the first layer and the through-hole of the second layer, and an external electro-conductive film formed on the side surface of the first layer so as to communicate with the electro-conductive portion.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube and a color selecting member, which can be manufactured without defects by using an existing projection aligner of a simple structure and can always produce a picture of high quality, in which phosphor layer has a pattern in stripes in the lateral direction of a screen, or in the horizontal direction and a color selecting member has slits elongated in the longitudinal direction of the screen, or in the horizontal scan line direction. Even in case of the thermal expansion of the color selecting member or a considerable longitudinal deviation between the exposure position at the time of manufacture and the position where an electron beam strikes in actual use, an electron beam can freely pass through the slits. Therefore, the accuracy of irradiation of the phosphor layer with the electron beam is not adversely influenced.

Abstract: In a gas discharge tube in accordance with the present invention, a side tube is formed from a metal, the outer periphery of the stem is provided with a joint portion made of a metal, and the latter is joined to a metal-made joint portion of the side tube by welding, whereby the assembling is made easier by welding, while the gas discharge tube itself can attain smaller dimensions. Also, since the side tube is small and made of a metal, its handling improves greatly. Further, since side tube is formed from a metal, the gas discharge tube is encouraged to have a wider range of processed forms and attains a prospect for mass production.

Abstract: A pressure sensor-incorporating spark plug including a groove 17e for accommodating an output cable 27 formed on a side surface of a hexagonal portion 17a. A U-shaped member is bent into a tubular shape to obtain a fixing member 31. After the fixing member 31 and the output cable 27 passing through the fixing member 31 are placed in the groove 17e, the fixing member 31 is crimped in the direction of the arrow shown in FIG. 5(a), so that the fixing member 31 is deformed to fit the wall surface of the groove 17e. Thus, the output cable 27 is nipped by the fixing member 31, and the fixing member 31 is held within the groove 17e of the hexagonal portion 17a. As a result, the output cable 27 is fixed to the hexagonal portion 17a.

Abstract: A spark plug having a tubular metallic housing has an internal conductor arrangement including a refractory erosion. The refractory erosion resistor is designed either as a wound wire resistor or a filament-like thin-layer resistor.

Abstract: An insulator for spark plug comprises an alumina-based sintered body comprising: Al2O3 as a main component; and at least one component (hereinafter referred to as “&bgr; component”) selected from the group consisting of Ca component, Sr component and Ba component, wherein the alumina-based sintered body comprises particles comprising a compound comprising the &bgr; component and Al component, the compound having a molar ratio of the Al component to the &bgr; component of 4.5 to 6.7 as calculated in terms of oxides thereof, and has a relative density of 90% or more.

Abstract: A spark gap switch, including a first planar electrode including a discharge portion and a support portion. The spark gap also includes a second planar electrode parallel to and spaced apart from the first electrode and includes a discharge portion and a support portion. The discharge portions are mutually opposite, and the support portions are mutually staggered.

Abstract: A method of fabricating row lines and pixel openings of a field emission array. The method employs only two masks. A first mask employed in the method includes apertures alignable between rows of pixels of the field emission array. Electrically conductive material and semiconductive material exposed through the apertures are removed to define the row lines of the field emission array. A passivation layer is then disposed over at least selected portions of the field emission array. Then a second mask, including apertures alignable over the pixel regions of the field emission array, is disposed over the passivation layer of the field emission array. Passivation material exposed through the apertures of the second mask is removed to define openings through the passivation layer and over the pixel regions of the field emission array. Conductive material exposed through the apertures of the second mask may then be removed to expose the underlying semiconductive grid and to further define the pixel openings.

Abstract: There is provided a cathode which is easily operable, harmless, and stable at high temperature at least 1,400° C. as well as excellent in electron emission characteristics at the same time, and the process for preparing the same. The cathode of the present invention comprises a polycrystalline substance or a polycrystalline porous substance of high-melting point metal material and an emitter material dispersed into said polycrystalline substance or polycrystalline porous substance in an amount of 0.1 to 30% by weight in the cathode, wherein the emitter material comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of hafnium oxide, zirconium oxide, lanthanum oxide, cerium oxide and titanium oxide.

Abstract: A shadow mask is composed of an iron-based alloy plate containing 31.0-38.0 weight % of nickel and 1.0-6.5 weight % of cobalt. The iron-based alloy has a crystal grain size number of 10 or more and 12 or less, has a crystal grain size of 50 &mgr;m or less in a cross section in a direction parallel and normal to a rolling direction of the iron-based alloy plate, and has an average crystal grain size of 30 &mgr;m or less in a cross section in a direction parallel to the rolling direction of the iron-based alloy plate.

Abstract: The CRT has a tensioned shadow mask with between 160-180 or between 210 and 240 slits per row and display devices having such CRT's. The first embodiment is in particular suited for CRT''s having a screen size larger than 21″ and for TVT applications, giving a substantially Moire free image for an NTSC, PAL and VGA signal, the second embodiment is in particular suited for CRT's having a screen size of 23″ or smaller and for CMT applications, giving a substantially Moire free image for a SVGA and XGA signal.

Abstract: A shadow mask includes a mask body having a principal mask surface with electron beam passage apertures, a skirt portion, and long and short axes, and a mask frame attached to outside the skirt portion. The mask frame has a coefficient of thermal expansion higher than that of the mask body. The skirt portion includes first and second tongue portions situated on the short and long axes, respectively. Each of the first and second tongue portions is fixed to the mask frame. The mask body is formed to fulfill relations given by (Ca·Wb)<(Cb·Wa), and V<H, where Ca and Wa are the length and width of the first tongue portion, respectively, Cb and Wb are the length and width of the second tongue portion, respectively, H and V are the length of the principal mask surface in the directions of the long and short axes, respectively.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube and a plural beam electron gun therefor include a main lens that comprises a tubular focus grid G5 and a conductive coating on the inner surface of the tube neck. The neck coating extends from the region of focus grid G5 towards the faceplate of the cathode ray tube. Preferably, the exit of the focus grid G5 is non-planar and is curved or undulated and focus grid G5 includes an aperture plate intermediate its entrance and exit. The aperture plate preferably has an elliptical center beam opening and connected-semi-elliptical outer-beam openings, to better converge and focus the outer and center electron beams. Also preferably, the focus grid G5 is centrally located in the tube neck and at least partly surrounded by the conductive neck coating.

Abstract: A deflection yoke including a separator for holding a horizontal deflection coil and/or a vertical deflection coil, wherein the separator is formed by a combination of a separator main body formed into an approximately funnel shape similar to the contour of the horizontal deflection coil or the vertical deflection coil, and an approximately cylindrically shaped neck portion, formed separately from the separator main body, for holding the horizontal deflection coil and the vertical deflection coil on a neck of a cathode-ray tube. The deflection yoke is simpler in shape and easier to assemble.

Abstract: A deflection yoke for CRTs, designed to easily correct a misconvergence in a vertical direction of a frame without being rotated during a frame correction step, is disclosed. The deflection yoke has a coil separator composed of a screen part, a rear cover part and a neck part. A plurality of horizontal and vertical deflection coils are set on the internal and external surfaces of the coil separator and generate horizontal and vertical deflection magnetic fields. A correction means is provided on the rear cover part of the coil separator and corrects the vertical magnetic field in addition to frame dispersion. A position adjusting means is provided at a position between the rear cover part and the correction means and holds the correction means on the rear cover part while allowing the position of the correction means relative to the rear cover part to be finely and precisely adjustable. This deflection yoke precisely and stably corrects both the frame dispersion and the vertical magnetic field.

Abstract: A flat-type cathode ray tube which improves the brightness and color purity of a picture by improving a curvature of an inner surface of a panel of the cathode ray tube thereby preventing the mislanding of the electron beam, doming, howling, errors due to the magnetic field of the earth magnetism, and the like. The flat-type cathode ray tube includes a panel for displaying a picture, the outer surface of the panel is planar with an inner surface having inner surface curvatures, respectively, along the vertical axis direction and the horizontal axis direction.

Abstract: A paint for forming a heat absorbing film which exhibits a good binding property for binding with a conductive reflecting film, contains a black pigment, and a compound represented by Si(OR1)nR2m, where n+m=4, n=1 to 4, m=0 to 3, each of R1 and R2 is one of an alkyl group, an alkenyl group and an aryl group, or a hydrolyzate of the compound. Also, the present invention relates to a heat absorbing film formed out of this heat absorbing film paint and a color CRT provided with this heat absorbing film.

Abstract: A non-adhesive, conductive strip is used to provide an electrical ground path between a solder electrode on the anti-reflective film of a cathode ray tube and the reinforcement or heat shrinkage band on the tube. The conductive strip is preferably held in place on the cathode ray tube using a magnet or magnets. Consequently, because the conductive strip is held in place by magnets and is non-adhesive, it can be removed and replaced repeatedly during the testing of the solder electrodes and anti-reflective film without potentially damaging the solder electrode or degrading the performance of the conductive tape that is typically used as the ground path in a completed cathode ray tube.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a display device with a color filter used as an electrode which improves both color purity and optical efficiency of the display device and a method for manufacturing the same. The display device with color filters used as electrodes in accordance with the present invention is achieved by forming conductive color filters on an upper substrate. The fabrication process is simple and accordingly the production yield is increased for thereby reducing the manufacturing cost. In addition, the light transmittance and optical efficiency are increased, and the color purity is increased and external light reflection is effectively shut off.

Abstract: A method of sputter deposition onto an organic material, wherein the discharge gas of the sputtering operation is a gas having a spectrum of light emission of a lower energy than that of argon.

Abstract: To provide a bright and highly reliable light-emitting device. An anode (102), an EL layer (103), a cathode (104), and an auxiliary electrode (105) are formed sequentially in lamination on a reflecting electrode (101). Further, the anode (102), the cathode (104), and the auxiliary electrode (105) are either transparent or semi-transparent with respect to visible radiation. In such a structure, lights generated in the EL layer (103) are almost all irradiated to the side of the cathode (104), whereby an effect light emitting area of a pixel is drastically enhanced.

Abstract: An active matrix liquid crystal display device includes a thin film transistor substrate having a thin film transistor, an opposing substrate having an opposing electrode, a liquid crystal element interposed between the thin film transistor substrate and the opposing substrate, a protective film layer, a pixel electrode and a black matrix. By forming a protective film layer between the pixel electrodes and the black matrix, there is no negative influence on image quality even when the specific resistance of the black matrix is low. Also, Na contamination, and the like, from the dyes, and the like, used for the light-blocking material can be prevented. At this time, by etching the protective film layer using the pattern of the black matrix as a mask, one sheet is enough for the masks necessary for elimination of the protective film on the pixel electrode section. By this, it becomes possible to stop the increase of number of processes to a minimum.

Abstract: A getter which can maintain an absorption ability and secure sufficient characteristics even when a high-temperature low-vacuum is experienced in a process as compared with a conventional getter. The getter has an undulation on the surface, and is formed by depositing Ti or a composition mainly containing Ti or Zr or a base surface mainly containing Zr.

Abstract: An incandescent light, which uses a rotating, liquefied filament. The rotating filament consists of a thin layer of filament metal deposited on the interior convex surface of a refractory filament mount, which is inside the torus. The filament device is designed to rotate at a speed sufficient to prevent the metal from boiling off from, or breaking away from, the refractory surface of the filament mount as it rotates. The rotational speed of the torus will create a centrifugal force greater than the thermal forces, which would otherwise destroy the molecular integrity of the filament metal. The temperature of the deposited filament metal will exceed its normal melting point as it rotates. As it becomes hotter it will luminesce more in exponential proportion to the current applied to the rotating torus filament assembly.

Abstract: A plasma picture screen, in particular an AC plasma picture screen with a coplanar arrangement having an enhanced luminance. A UV light emitting layer (8) is provided on the front plate (1), which comprises a glass plate (3) on which a dielectric layer (4) and a protective layer (5) are provided, or on the carrier plate (2) with the phosphor (10). The layer (8) comprises a VUV phosphor which converts the VUV light of the plasma discharge into UV light with a wavelength between 200 and 350 nm and emits this in the direction of the phosphor layer (10).

Abstract: The present invention is directed towards a thin, flat glass envelope having an enclosed, internal channel and a molded edge for affixing attachments directly to the glass envelope. Suitable attachments include filters, i.e., diffusion, polarizing, glare reducing, brightness enhancing, liquid crystal display screens and masking components. The channeled envelope has a front and a back surface laminated and integrated together to form a unitary body essentially free of any sealing materials. A lightweight, light-emitting device or low-pressure discharge lamp can be formed from this channeled envelope, suitable for employment in the fields of LCD backlighting, automotive lighting, and general lighting.

Abstract: A discharge lamp of the present invention, which has an starting property, an arc stability and a service life which are improved even if the lamp produces a short arc. The discharge lamp includes a light emitting bulb, sealing members disposed on both sides of the light emitting bulb, metal foils sealed in the sealing members, a pair of electrodes which are connected to the metal foils and have large-diameter portions formed on tips, coils disposed at the rear of the large-diameter portions of the electrodes, external conductors, and a discharge medium enclosed in the light emitting bulb.

Abstract: A plasma pump and method for pumping ions from a first to second region, the pump including a partition member having a through opening defining a plurality of conduits (30); a group of magnets (24) to provide magnetic forces that extend to the conduits; and a plurality of electric potential sources (14) for creating electrostatic fields which accelerate ions from the conduits to the second region.

Abstract: A device for controlling an electric field at a cathode sub-pixel region of a field emission display comprising a cathode substrate having a plurality of emitter lines formed on the cathode substrate and a gate frame having a plurality of gate wires positioned over respective the plurality of emitter lines. Each of the plurality of gate wires has a cross section shaped to produce an electric field between adjacent ones of the plurality of gate wires that is substantially uniform and substantially flat across the cathode sub-pixel region of respective ones of the plurality of emitter lines. The cathode sub-pixel region is defined as a portion of each of the plurality of emitter lines in between the adjacent ones of the plurality of gate wires.

Abstract: A display panel drive apparatus can reduce power consumption upon writing pixel data. The display panel drive apparatus reduces a resonance amplitude of the resonance pulse voltage source carrying the generation of the pixel data pulse while keeping maximum potential level thereof, when at least two of the supplied pixel data neighboring each other in column direction assume the same logic value as each other.