Abstract: A heat sink assembly includes a heat sink (80), a pair of fixing devices (40), a pair of clips (20), and a fan (90). Each clip includes a main body (24), and an operating arm (22) pivotally attached to the main body. The main body has two locking arms (246) each forming a slanted guiding portion (248) and a hook (249). Each fixing device has a top plate (42) for securing the fan thereon, and a support plate (46) for supporting the clips. A pair of tabs (49) and a pair of tongues (492) is formed at each of opposite ends of each fixing device, and defines a through hole (494) for receiving a corresponding locking arm. When the operating arm is rotated to raise the main body, the tongues guide the guiding portions and cause the hooks to tightly engage in locking holes (62) of a retention module (60).

Abstract: A heat sink clip comprises a connecting member (12), two pressing members (14) connecting to the connection member, each of the pressing members comprising a pressing portion (141) and two spring portions (142, 143) extending from opposite ends of the pressing portion, a first locking portion (144) depending from one of the spring portions of each pressing member, two operating members (16) each having spaced first and second pivot means, the second pivot means being below the first pivot means, the operating members respectively pivotably connected to the other one of the spring portions, and two second locking portions (18) respectively pivotably connected to the operating members. When the operating members are rotated downwardly, the first and second locking portions are raised, adapted for engaging with a retention frame and securing a heat sink to an electronic package.

Abstract: A thermal enhance package mainly comprises a chip, a substrate unit, a heat spreader unit and a plurality of pellets. The chip is disposed above the substrate unit and electrically connected to the substrate unit, and an encapsulation unit encapsulates the chip, the substrate unit, the heat spreader unit and the pellets. Therein the pellets are formed on the substrate unit and connect the substrate unit and the heat spreader unit. Thus the heat arisen out of the chip can be transmitted to the heat spreader unit not only through the encapsulation unit but also the pellets. Moreover, the substrate unit has at least one grounding contact connecting to one of the pellets so as to provide the thermal enhance package a good shielding. In addition, a method for manufacturing the thermal enhance package is also provided.

Abstract: A clip is disclosed which is capable of applying significant retention force via a rotatable cam arm while being easily removable due to the cam arm and a separate removal arm. A method of using the clip is also disclosed which uses the advantages of the clip, particularly in the context of computer design and construction.

Abstract: A system for coupling a heat sink to an electrical device independently of a clamping member that is used to place a coupling force between the electrical device and a substrate to which the electrical device is to be electrically connected. The system includes a clamping member adapted to push the electrical device against the substrate, to assist in electrical connection between the electrical device and the substrate, the clamping member defining a through-hole leading to the electrical device. There is also a heat-conducting member in the clamping member through-hole and adapted to thermally contact the electrical device to conduct heat away from the electrical device. A heat sink is in thermal contact with the heat-conducting member, to dissipate heat from the electrical device.

Abstract: A modular housing structure, comprising: a top casing; a bottom casing, assembled with the top casing, wherein at least a first circuit board is interposed between the top casing and the bottom casing; and a thickening set interposed between the top casing and the bottom casing and assembled with the top casing and the bottom casing via a plurality of fixing elements so as to accommodate other members such that an electronic device having the housing structure meets at least two specifications.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an integrated circuit includes an electrically active interconnect line within a dielectric layer having a top and bottom surface, the bottom surface of the dielectric layer being coupled to the top surface of a substrate underlying the dielectric layer. The dielectric layer has horizontally arranged heat dissipating layers. An electrically inactive conductor or cooling fin is located within the dielectric layer at a heat dissipating layer below and closer to the substrate than said active interconnect line. The electrically inactive conductor is coupled to said electrically active interconnect line as an extensions of electrically active interconnect line to dissipate heat therefrom.

Abstract: A multichip module is disclosed. In one embodiment, the multichip module includes a substrate having a first side and a second side, the first side being opposite to the first side. A driver chip is at the first side of the substrate. A semiconductor die comprising a vertical transistor is at the second side of the substrate. The driver chip and the semiconductor die are in electrical communication through the substrate.

Abstract: Provided is a multi-chip semiconductor package incorporating stacked semiconductor package structures with each package structure including a substrate, a semiconductor chip mounted on the substrate, an enclosure body formed across the entire surface of the substrate where the semiconductor chip is mounted, a plurality of conductive studs extending through the enclosure body outside the periphery of the semiconductor chip and one or more conductive members provided below the substrate and in contact with the conductive studs. During assembly of the multi-chip semiconductor package, the conductive member of an upper semiconductor package structure provides electrical contact to corresponding conductive studs on a lower semiconductor package structure.

Abstract: A fast installation/removal structure includes an upper board, a lower board, and an installation/removal lever. The upper board has hooking grooves and at least a positioning pin. The lower board has snap fitting devices and at least a sliding slot through which slidably inserts the positioning pin. A front end of the lever is pivotally connected to the lower board there below, and has a guide groove through which the positioning pin inserts. A rear end of the lever is externally accessible to allow manipulation by the user. With the circuit board securely fastened thereon, the upper board is placed on the lower board. The snap fitting devices respectively engage through the hooking grooves. By turning the lever, the positioning pin slides along the sliding slot to have the snap fitting devices respectively snap fit through the hooking grooves, thereby fastening the upper board to the lower board.

Abstract: A motherboard mounting apparatus (10) includes a chassis (50) having a bottom panel (51), a support plate (40) attached to a solder side of a motherboard (60), and a clip (30) mounted to the support plate for fastening the support plate to the bottom panel. The bottom panel defines a plurality of catch slots (52) each having a locking portion (524), and forms two blocks (54). The support plate includes a plurality of catches (44) engaging in the locking portions respectively. An opening (46) is defined in the support plate. The clip includes two recessed portions (34) disposed below the opening. When the support plate is slid forwardly, the recessed portions snappingly engage with the blocks respectively, so that the catches are retained in the locking portions. The support plate is securely attached to the bottom panel. The motherboard is thus securely mounted to the chassis.

Abstract: An interconnect architecture in which a substrate such as a printed circuit board includes multiple conductive layers separated by one or more interposed insulating layers, the conductive layers being adapted to receive a high density array of interconnect elements such as a ball grid array (BGA). In certain preferred embodiments, a printed circuit board may provide a very low resistance interconnect forming the drain and source terminals of a lateral power MOSFET device incorporating a high density array of alternating source and drain interconnect elements, such as a BGA. In such embodiments, source and drain currents may be routed on different conductive layers separated by one or more interposed insulating layers. The upper conductive layer may include laterally non-conductive regions accommodating conductive columns that are connected to the lower conductive layer.

Abstract: The present invention realizes strengthening of a ground of a lower-surface ground electrode of an upper semiconductor chip and miniaturization in a semiconductor module on which two semiconductor chips are mounted in a stacked manner. A lower semiconductor chip is fixed to a bottom of a recess formed in an upper surface of a module board, and an upper semiconductor chip is fixed to an upper surface of a support body made of conductor which is formed over the upper surface of the module board around the recess. External electrode terminals and a heat radiation pad are formed over a lower surface of the module board. A plurality of vias which are connected to the heat radiation pad are formed in the bottom of the recess. The support body is formed over the vias connected to the heat radiation pad. The heat radiation pad assumes a ground potential. On the upper surface of the module board, chip-like electronic parts such as chip resistances, chip capacitors and chip fixed coils are mounted.

Abstract: The present invention realizes the miniaturization of a semiconductor module. The semiconductor module includes a module board having external electrode terminals and a heat radiation pad over a lower surface thereof, a first semiconductor chip incorporating an initial-stage transistor of a high frequency power amplifying device therein, a second semiconductor chip incorporating a next-stage transistor and a final-stage transistor therein, and an integrated passive device which constitutes a matching circuit. At least one of the first semiconductor chip and the second semiconductor chip and the integrated passive device are mounted over an upper surface of the module board in an overlapped manner. The second semiconductor chip is mounted over a bottom of a recess formed in the upper surface of the module board.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus has a printed circuit board and one or several integrated circuit substrates mounted to the printed circuit board. At least one SMT component with two or more terminals is arranged between the printed circuit board and the package. In one embodiment, the SMT component replaces interconnects in the ball grid array used to mount the substrate to the printed circuit board while simultaneously connecting the SMT terminals to the substrate and the printed circuit board. The disclosed apparatus of SMT components mount results in significant reduction of inductance of the SMT connection to the substrate.

Abstract: Provided is a module for attachment to an existing backplane in a telecommunications system. In one example, the module provides high speed interconnect paths for transporting large quantities of data flowing through the system, while enabling the existing backplane to carry lower bandwidth power and control functions. The module may be easily added to a unit in the field without disturbing the operation of the system. In another example, the module may be used to provide the existing backplane with additional functionality, alternate connection types, or other modifications.

Abstract: A device for controlling a vehicle 8 comprising a housing 3, a rectangular printed circuit board 4 which is fixed to the inside of the housing and has a control circuit thereon, and plugs 1a and 1b provided along one side of the rectangular printed circuit board 4 to transfer signals between the inside and the outside of said housing 3; wherein the plugs 1a and 1b respectively contain plug pins and the plug pins 2 are electrically connected to the printed circuit board 4 via bonding wires 5 inside the housing 3.

Abstract: A latch unit is mounted on an electronic device having first and second housings. The latch unit includes a hook member for interlocking the first and second housings. The hook member is mounted in the first housing and has opposite first and second engaging ends. The first engaging end projects from the first housing and extends into and releasably engages the second housing upon movement of the hook member to an engaging position when the first housing is positioned at a first transverse position. The second engaging end projects from the first housing and extends into and releasably engages the second housing upon movement of the hook member to the engaging position when the first housing is positioned at a second transverse position.

Abstract: The invention relates to a motor vehicle headlight, which comprises a casing enclosing a light source and fixed on a chassis, as well as frangible means of linking the casing to the chassis, which are able to absorb in the course of their rupture at least part of the energy of an impact suffered by the headlight.

Abstract: An electroluminescent clock is disclosed, wherein light emitting dots are installed on the back side of a transparent plate and ring around and beneath luminous markers, whereby when the light emitting dots are enabled, the luminous markers can be presented with uniform lighting to allow a user to see the clock time in the darkness and even from a distance. The night light feature is further enhanced by a special design that creates a soft visual effect on the dial of the clock for easy recognition of clock time.

Abstract: A back light unit includes a light guiding plate for guiding and redirecting light and two light sources located on one end of the light guiding plate and arranged in a line with the light guiding plate. A reflector covers the light sources entirely and is fixed to the end the light guiding plate. The reflector forms curved reflecting surfaces respectively corresponding to the light sources in position and contour for reflecting and redirecting light emitted from the sources toward the light guiding plate.

Abstract: An automotive instrument includes a light transmission controller and a mode selecting switch. The controller controls light transmission of a light-controllable film according to a selected position of the mode selecting switch. The mode selecting switch has three positions: two manual mode positions and an automatic mode position. The manual mode positions are provided for adjusting the light transmission to a fixed level. The automatic mode position is provided for controlling the light transmission so that a dial plate maintains a predetermined level of visibility. The dial plate can be switched between different appearances. This switching can be performed during the vehicle is in operation based on the driver's preference.

Abstract: A front light module includes a light guide plate having opposite ends and a front surface and an opposite back surface connected to each other by the ends. The front surface forms sets of raised ridges, each raised ridge having opposite inclined faces. The front surface also forms a recessed trough between adjacent sets of ridges. Each trough has opposite inclined faces. A light source is mounted to each end of the light guide plate for projecting a light into the light guide plate. A reflector is arranged adjacent to and spaced from the back surface of the light guide plate for accommodating a display board between the reflector and the light guide plate. The light from the light source is incident onto the inclined faces of the troughs and reflected thereby toward the reflector. The troughs have different depths whereby the inclined faces thereof are of different surface areas for reflecting different amount of light in order to provide a uniform brightness over the whole module.

Abstract: The present invention provides a backlight unit (30) for a liquid crystal display. The backlight unit includes a light source (5), a light guide plate (6), a reflective plate (7), a diffusing plate (8) and a prism plate (9). The light guide plate includes a light incidence surface (61) adjacent to the light source. The reflective plate has a top surface (73) opposed to the light guide plate. A plurality of light reflection dots (74) are arranged on the top surface of the reflective plate. The light emitted from the backlight unit illuminates a panel, such as a liquid crystal panel, to display images.

Abstract: A light guide plate (32) used in a surface light source (30) for a liquid crystal display comprises a light incidence surface (321) for receiving light beams, an emission surface (325) perpendicular to the light incidence surface for emitting the light, a bottom surface (323) opposite to the emission surface and a plurality of grooves (327) and light reflection dots (329) formed on the bottom surface. The grooves are formed in a continuous band adjacent to the light incidence surface and extend perpendicular to the light incidence surface for scattering the light beams. The light guide plate provides highly uniform illumination for a liquid crystal display panel.

Abstract: A planar surface illuminator (20) for installation below a liquid crystal display panel includes a light guide plate (22) and a plurality of point light sources (21). The light guide plate has a bottom surface (223), an end surface (221) and a number of dot-patterns (23) formed on the bottom surface. The point light sources are positioned adjacent the end surface to irradiate the light guide plate. Darkened areas (223a) between the point light sources are lightened by placing special dot-patterns (23a) therein, which special dot-patterns are made of melamine-based fluorescent particles. The melamine-based fluorescent particles function as many small light sources, thus lightening the darkened areas. Therefore, the brightness of the planar surface illuminator is thereby balanced.

Abstract: A backlight device 10 wherein a light source 13 and a light guide plate 12 for introducing light components from the light source 13 from the incident surface 12a provided on an end surface to emit the light from the surface 12b are included, a plurality of the wedge-shaped grooves 12e are formed on the surface 12b of the light guide plate 12 in stripes in plan view, and micro-irregularities 12g are formed between adjacent wedge-shaped grooves 12e is disclosed. A liquid crystal display device 1 having the backlight device 10 formed on the back surface of the liquid crystal display unit 20 is disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a heater module of a rapid thermal processing apparatus. The heater module comprises a heater reactor provided with reflectors, lamps, a cooling gas inlet unit, a quartz window, a quartz window fixing unit, and a cooling gas outlet unit. According to the present invention, since the lamps, reflectors and the like provided in the heater module are cooled during or after thermal processing steps, it is possible to maintain smooth operation thereof, to extend its usage life, and to reduce a preparation time of thermal processing steps. Further, as the respective reflectors adopt an independent structure for allowing the respective lamps to be installed therein in a one-on-one fashion, it is possible to achieve accurate control of a heating source. Furthermore, the lamps adopt a structure capable of effectively reflecting light emitted therefrom, resulting in an improvement in a thermal efficiency.

Abstract: A coaster of the present invention is provided with a platform, which has two circular top slots bridged by a bottom slot, two contact sections implemented inside the top slots and the bottom slot, two button batteries positioned inside the two top slots respectively, an elastic plate on the upper surface of the batteries, and a LED is placed into the center of the elastic plate; the platform is mounted to a transparent top lid construct a coaster. When the weight of a cup or a heavy arcticle placed on the coaster thereby pressing the top lid downwardly towards against the elastic plate correspondingly followed by two pins protruded out of the LED configuring contacts with the two contact sections respectively enables the LED being illuminated with a lighting effect on the coaster.

Abstract: A roller skate (10) has a light (22) housed in a forward tip recess of a slab (13) of synthetic material interposed between a boot (11) and the roller truck (12). A lighted toggling push-button switch (10) that espouses the back contour of the heel, can be activated by taping the back of the heel against the floor or any other stationary structure. The light comprises a battery compartment occupying the deepest area of the recess. A lens contoured to blend with the outline of the sole tip can be releasably snapped against the frontal opening of the battery compartment. A bulb-mounting assembly is held sandwiched between the lens and the battery compartment. The lights in the contoured tip lens and heel switch can be seen from either side of the skate.

Abstract: An illumination means for a chainsaw is a light source generated for providing a focused beam at the bar and chain of a chainsaw. Illumination means is positioned at the front of the housing of a chainsaw. Illumination means may be integrally incorporated therein or placed onto the exterior of the housing, and may also include a pivotal shell for adjusting the projection of the light beam. Illumination means is operatively and electrically coupled to a switch that actuates generation of light.

Abstract: A container, such as a tool box, has an interior storage compartment and a cover with a light opening therein. A light is mounted within the compartment and is selectively positionable to shine through the light opening or to illuminate the interior of the storage compartment. Preferably, the light is mounted on an articulated hinge allowing movement between a plurality of discrete positions and locks in place in a stored position. The light may be battery operated and may be removable if desired.

Abstract: Candleholders suitable for outdoor use include a base unit for holding a candle, this unit having a candle supporting surface and an upstanding wall portion, and a separate cover member for placement over the candle or candles and the base unit. The cover member forms a top and a peripheral wall section. The candleholder has a plurality of openings located between the supporting surface and the top. The preferred openings are formed by partially cutting out and bending small sections of one of the upstanding wall portion and the wall section inward so as to permit entry of combustion air while also normally changing the direction of airflow of the incoming air. In one version, there is also a main housing adapted for mounting below ground level, this housing having an open top and a peripheral side wall portion that extends upwardly from a concrete bottom.

Abstract: An illuminating device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a dielectric barrier discharge type low pressure discharge lamp 1 composed of a tubular glass lamp vessel 10, in which mercury and rare gas are enclosed, a first and a second electrode 21,26, which are made of electrically conductive layer, are provided on an outer surface of both ends of the tubular glass lamp vessel 10 and a high frequency power source of a floating output type 81,82, which supplies a sine wave voltage between the first and the second electrodes of the dielectric barrier discharge type low pressure discharge lamp 1 having a neutral point of the sine wave voltage being grounded, and which supplies a frequency in a range from 40 kHz to 100 kHz.

Abstract: A projection type display apparatus is composed of a light source (101), an illumination optical system (102) for forming illumination light, a reflection type light valve (106) for reflecting the illumination light to form an optical image, a projection optical system (107) for projecting the optical image, and a lens (105) with a positive power. An optical axis (115) of the reflection type light valve, an optical axis (113) of the projection optical system, and an optical axis (114) of the lens with a positive power are matched with each other. The illumination optical system (102) is placed so that the illumination light passes through the lens (105) with a positive power and is reflected from the reflection type light valve (106). An output pupil (108) of the illumination optical system (102) and an entrance pupil (109) of the projection optical system (107) are placed so as to have a conjugate relationship with respect to the lens (105) with a positive power.

Abstract: Illumination apparatus (8) which comprises at least two light sources, at least one light collecting device for collecting light from the light sources (10), motion providing means for providing relative motion between the light sources (10) and the light collecting device (14), and control means for controlling the illumination of the light sources (10) such that the light sources (10) are illuminated for a predetermined time period when in a predetermined position relative to the light collecting device (14).

Abstract: A stage lighting lamp unit includes a processor for receiving control data from a remote console. Beam orientation data for the lamp unit is passed to the lamp in the form of the x, y and z co-ordinates of a point in space through which the beam is to pass. The processor divides the required lamp travel into a number of stages dependent on execution duration data sent with the position data, and calculates, for each stage, a new value for pan and tilt angles for the lamp. These values are passed to pan and tilt controlling co-processors which control servo-motors for pan and tilt operation. The lamp unit also incorporates a rotatable shutter for interrupting the lamp beam when required. The shutters of all the lamps in a system can be instructed from the remote console to open and close in synchronism, thereby providing a stroboscopic effect.

Abstract: The present invention provides a light reflecting polymeric composition that includes at least one halogenated-flame-retardant-additive-free polymer having dispersed therein a pigment package including a combination of Sb2O3 and TiO2. The Sb2O3 and TiO2 preferably have an average particle size within the range of from about 0.05 &mgr;m to about 1.0 &mgr;m, and more preferably about 0.2 &mgr;m. When used in combination, the Sb2O3 and TiO2 pigments synergistically interact together to provide a polymeric composition exhibiting a reflectivity that is substantially higher than can be obtained by the use of either of the pigments alone.

Abstract: A lampshade adapted to be interconvertible between an assembled configuration having a first volume and a knockdown configuration having a second, smaller volume comprises lampshade segments connected to rotational elements. Slotting means on preselected rotational elements position the connecting members to assume predetermined positions with respect to the common axis, where the rotational elements are locked in place. Methods for use of the lampshade in knockdown shipping, and kits containing the lampshade and instructional materials are also taught.

Abstract: A fixing apparatus for a light source conductive wire, suitable for use to fix the light source conductive wire. The fixing apparatus has an attaching part, a holding part and a wire protruding part. The attaching part and the holding part are both attached to the light source conductive wire to a backlight module, while the wire protruding part is connected between the attaching part and the holding part to hold the light source conductive wire. The wire protruding part has a wire outlet allowing protrusion of the light source conductive wire. The fixing apparatus prevents the light source conductive wire from being detached during the iron frame assembly of the backlight module, so as to enhance the product yield.

Abstract: The box type sensor lamp has a sensing device and a lamp set mounted as a combination in a box, it includes the box, the sensing device and the lamp set. Wherein the box is comprised of a main body and a lifting-opening portion, the lifting-opening portion is pivotally provided on the box; the main body and the lifting-opening portion have therein receiving spaces for inserting and fixed mounting of the sensing device and the lamp set therein; the lifting-opening portion is provided at the corresponding locations therein to those of the lamp set and the sensing device with holes and an insertion slot, the box type sensor lamp thus is completed.

Abstract: Methods for generating a customized spectral profile, which can be used to generate a corresponding filter. A trial source spectrum is generated. An uncorrected lamp source spectrum is determined. One or more optical indices are calculated using the trial source spectrum or the uncorrected lamp source spectrum, and one or more of the optical indices are optimized by varying the trial source spectrum to generate the customized spectral profile.

Abstract: An irradiating direction control apparatus 1 of a headlamp for a vehicle includes vehicle posture detecting means 2 for detecting a change in the posture of the vehicle, irradiation control means 3 for calculating a pitch angle indicative of a vertical inclined posture in a direction of advance of the vehicle based on detected information thereof and computing a control amount for correcting an optical axis of irradiation related to the headlamp 5, and setting a ground angle of the optical axis of the irradiation in a deceleration (or an acceleration) of the vehicle to be smaller (or greater) than a ground reference angle of the optical axis of the irradiation during stop or constant speed running of the vehicle, thereby carrying out a correcting calculation for maintaining a forward visible distance of the vehicle to be constant, and driving means 4 for changing a direction of the optical axis of the irradiation of the headlamp 5 upon receipt of a control command sent from the irradiation control means 3.

Abstract: A kit for changing a tire having a portable carrying case with a first compartment and a second compartment which are movable between an open position and a closed position. The first compartment is used for housing an air compressor motor and a tank for holding compressed air and the second compartment includes a plurality of preformed depressions for containing an impact wrench, a tire jack and a plurality of hoses therein. The compressed air holding tank includes a plurality of air connector ports for attaching the hoses to the air connector ports and to the impact wrench and to the tire jack.

Abstract: A modular automotive light device is provided. The light device may include multiple light emitting diodes (LED). Multiple light devices may be arranged in a desired manner comprising an automotive headlamp, for example. The light devices may be stacked on top of each other and/or positioned side by side to form the headlamp. Using multiple light devices provides a sufficient amount of radiated light rays in order to comply with regulations and standards for light output of light devices for use on the exterior of an automobile, for example.

Abstract: A motor vehicle light is comprised of a high intensity lamp for attaching to a motor vehicle, such as to a side mounted rear view mirror. The lamp includes optics for focusing a light beam into a small spot on the road in front of the vehicle. The lamp includes a hinge for being pivoted to direct the light spot for marking the track of the vehicle to help the driver position the vehicle within the lane. In a second embodiment, the lamp is linked to the steering apparatus of the vehicle for simultaneous movement so as to mark the track of a rear wheel during a turn.

Abstract: A cosmetic lighting system designed to shine white or colored visible light through or between the spokes of automobile wheels, wherein the system comprises a light diffusion disk having an outer rim, a hub comprising a plurality of apertures in numbers and locations for receiving the vehicle's lug nuts, a plurality of spokes extending between the rim and hub, a plurality of translucent and, or transparent diffusion areas and reflective foil pieces embedded in the translucent material, structure for routing light from a light source to the inside of the wheels and filters for protecting the light routing structure and coloring light emitted from the light source.

Abstract: In an automotive headlamp 10, a lens flange portion 24 is caused to extend from a circumferential edge 23 of a lens surface 18 formed into a configuration which follows the outline of an external surface 19 of a vehicle body toward a lamp housing 11, a surface-roughening process is applied to a surface 25 of an end portion of the lens flange portion 24 to make irregular the surface 25 of the end portion, and a leg portion 28 is caused to extend from a location 27 which deviates from the surface 25 of the end portion in such a manner as to bypass the surface 25 of the end portion, so that the leg portion 28 fits in the lamp housing 11.

Abstract: The invention includes a headlamp having a plurality of lighting units using light emitting diodes as light sources. A cutoff line forming unit, hot zone forming units, and a diffusion region forming unit are used as these lighting units. Consequently, a light distribution pattern for a low beam having a desirable pattern shape and light intensity distribution can be obtained as the synthetic light distribution pattern of light distribution patterns formed by the irradiation of a light from these three kinds of lighting units.

Abstract: A direct-lighting type back light unit includes a plurality of light sources for emitting light outward; a reflecting plate defining a plurality of curved reflecting recesses in which the light sources are respectively arranged. Each recess forms a first convex reflecting surface at a center of the recess, a second inclined reflecting surface formed at an edge of the recess and a third inclined reflecting surface formed at the edge and extending from the second reflecting surface.