Abstract: A emergency power management system utilizing at least two power sources and electronic systems to monitor for emergency situations and respond to said emergency situations.

Abstract: A system for supplying additional power to a module having an internal power supply, the system comprising: a module having an associated power supply, the power supply not being designed to accommodate power sharing; at least one load associated with the module, the load receiving power from the power supply; a variable current limited power source connected to the module supplying additional power to the at least one load; and a controller; whereby the variable current limited power supply is responsive to an output of the controller to vary the current limit of the variable current limited power supply.

Abstract: A monolithic switching regulator that flexibly distributes its output current among its output channels is provided. The monolithic switching regulator includes one or more additional channels that are externally connected to the output channels for providing additional current partitioning configurations. The external connections may be autosensed or programmed with an additional input pin. A switching logic circuit is provided for distributing the current among the output channels according to their external connections to the additional channels.

Abstract: An electrical power feed for a submarine system and a method of supplying electrical power to the submarine system in which a plurality of power converters are used for feeding electrical power into the submarine system. A plurality of control circuits are each connected to at least one of the power converters and control the level of power output by the respective power converter(s) to which it is connected. Each power converter is connected to only one control circuit and at least some of the power converters operate independently from each other.

Abstract: The invention provides a switching converter comprising as few as two high-side switching transistors and a low-side rectifying device, along with a control circuit. The switching converter is capable of operating from a main supply source or an auxiliary supply source. The invention further includes a method for producing a regulated voltage from a first supply voltage and a second supply voltage via the two high-side switching transistors and a low-side rectifying device.

Abstract: In trigger/firing arrangement in a Marx generator comprising n stage capacitors—n being a natural number greater than 1-, the same amount of spark gaps and 2(n?1) charging branches, with the spark gaps operating in a self-breakdown mode, the trigger-/firing arrangement comprises at least a pulse transformer connected to an pulse generator in at least one of the charging branches of the Marx-generator, which with the associated stage capacitor bridges a spark gap—except for the output end spark gap—a pulse transformer is disposed, whose output winding operates during charging as a charging winding and whose input winding is connected to the pulse generator in such a way that the voltage pulse generated with this pulse transformer during triggering of the pulse generator is added to the charge voltage of the associated stage capacitor and, with a corresponding polarity, generates an over-voltage sufficient for initiating self-breakdown at this spark gap.

Abstract: A matrix converter for transforming electrical energy between at least one voltage source, in particular a power supply network, and at least one current source, in particular a load, said converter including a matrix of switches connecting said voltage sources to said current sources, wherein each of said switches has two terminals which are interconnected via a photoconductive layer of diamond, each switch being controlled by means of a light source irradiating the layer of diamond interposed between the two terminals of the switch.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a unique starter assembly for a gas discharge lamp. The starter assembly comprises a main current path with a first leg connected to one electrode of a gas discharge lamp, and a second leg connected to a second electrode of the gas discharge lamp. A starting current path is provided between the first and second electrode, and comprises an magnetic switch. The magnetic switch is actuated by an electromagnet controlled by a control circuit. The control unit may be programmed with the start time required for a particular lamp design. In an alternative embodiment, the starter assembly further comprises a radio frequency identification system. The radio frequency identification system includes a gas discharge lamp transponder. The lamp transponder is used to communicate specific lamp information to the control circuit. The control circuit may then modify the start time for that lamp based on this information.

Abstract: A device for powering a load from an ambient source of energy is provided. The device includes an energy harvesting device for harvesting energy from the ambient source of energy wherein the rate energy is harvested from the ambient source of energy is below that required for directly powering the load. A storage device is connected to the energy harvesting device. The storage device receives electrical energy from the energy harvesting device and is for storing the electrical energy. A controller is connected to the storage device for monitoring the amount of electrical energy stored in the storage device and for switchably connecting the storage device to the load when the stored energy exceeds a first threshold. The system can be used for powering a sensor and for transmitting sensor data, such as tire pressure.

Abstract: In a linear motor according to this invention, the field permanent magnets 2 are arranged at an equal pitch around a field iron core 1 so that the poles are alternately changed. Also, an armature 3a on the needle side is arranged oppositely via a magnetic gap on a magnetic pole face of the field permanent magnets 2. The armature 3a consists of an armature core forming the teeth and a yoke portion by punching an electromagnetic steel plate like the comb teeth, coil being wound around a plurality of teeth 4u, 4v and 4w for this armature core to form the armature windings 5u, 5v and 5w. The teeth 6a without coil winding is disposed between teeth with coil winding 4u and 4v and between teeth with coil winding 4v and 4w. The teeth 4u, 4v and 4w with coil winding and the teeth 6a without coil winding are alternately arranged.

Abstract: A kind of 2-D variable reluctance planar motor comprises: a stator base combined by a plurality of laminated steel bricks; a moving platform consisting of two rows of spaced coil-shoes; traditional sliding supports to hold said platform above said stator base; two electronic rulers for scaling the real position of the platform; traditional supporting means for holding the platform at a distance above the stator base; computer and software for generating motion command signal to PWM generator; PWM current generator for energizing the coils of the moving platform; when a reference data (the final position of the platform) is input into the computer, the computer will give command to the platform and make it moving; once the moving platform is set in motion, the electronic rules continuously detect and transfer the location data of said platform to the computer; the computer continuously compares the data sent by said rules with reference data and gives command to the platform until said two kinds of data are eq

Abstract: A sliding device is provided which is convenient for manufacturing at high production efficiency the small sliding device, which meets the requirements for high propulsion, high response and long traveling stroke. The sliding device includes a field magnet of eight poles lying on the table, and an armature assembly of twelve coreless armature windings of rectangular shape, which are installed on the bed in opposition to the field magnet. The table is made with a recess sinking by a depth not more than a thickness of the field magnet to make it easier to set in place the field magnet.

Abstract: Disclosed is an internal weight type vertical vibrator including: a housing; a magnetic circuit unit placed in the internal space of the housing, and comprising a magnet perpendicularly placed and a yoke for fixedly receiving the magnet therein for generating a magnetic field; spring members provided with upper ends fixed to the housing and lower ends fixed to the magnetic circuit unit for vertically; a vibrating unit placed in the yoke so that the outer surface of the vibrating unit is surrounded by the yoke, comprising the weight having a hollow cylindrical structure provided with a central hole, into which the magnet is inserted; and a vibration-generating coil placed just below the magnetic circuit unit so that the vibration-generating coil is interlinked with the magnetic field of the magnet for allowing current supplied from the outside to flow in one direction therethrough.

Abstract: The invention proposes a method of making a rotor (12) for a rotary electrical machine, the rotor including a core (14) on which there is formed at least one electrical winding (16) comprising at least one electrically conductive element (18) which is coated with an outer bonding layer (32), of the type in which the winding step is followed by a step of change of state which causes softening of the bonding material to take place and which then causes it to solidify once more, characterized in that the winding of the conductive element (18) is carried out on the convex outer cylindrical wall (40) of a tubular element (42) of the core, and in that, after the said step of change of state, the tubular element (42) is assembled on a core body (44) in such a way as to minimize the temperature gradient in the winding (16) during the step of change of state.

Abstract: A motor device capable of reducing cogging torque includes a stator assembly and a rotor assembly, which is movably disposed in the stator assembly. The rotor assembly provides a magnetic component. The stator assembly further includes an insulation frame part, a set of silicone steel sheets and a coil winding the insulation frame. A plurality of circular strip members are disposed at the circumferential side of the bottom of the stator assembly in a way of the respective circular strip member has an end thereof being attached to the bottom of the insulation frame part and another end thereof extending circumferentially to the sector shaped space. Further, the circular strip members space apart from each other without contacting the silicone steel sheets.

Abstract: A connector for an electric motor including a magnetic ring which is the seat of a magnetic field tied to operating parameters of the motor. A magnetic flux conduction member forms a flux concentrator interposed, when a connector is fixed on the motor, between the magnetic ring and a Hall-effect sensor to measure the magnetic flux conducted by the magnetic flux conduction member. The electric motor can be used with geared motors for window-lifting systems, seat actuation systems or sunroof systems in the automobile field.

Abstract: A rotor for a reluctance type rotating machine includes a rotor core formed by stacking a number of annular core materials each of which includes magnetic concave and convex portions. The rotor core has two keys which are formed at two positions on an inner circumference of the rotor core. The positions are spaced 180 degrees apart from each other with respect to the rotor core. The rotor core is divided into a plurality of blocks and the core materials constituting at least one block have the magnetic concave and convex portions shifted by a predetermined angle relative to the core materials constituting the other or another block on the basis of a center line passing through the keys. A whole or part of the core materials of at least one block are located circumferentially 180 degrees apart form the core materials constituting the other or another block.

Abstract: An alternator having a rotor and a stator is described. The stator includes a cylindrical body with a plurality of phases. Each of the plurality of phases includes a phase input located at least partially outside of the cylindrical body, where the phase input is formed of a bar. The bar includes a longitudinal surface extending along at least a part of the bar, a first segment crossing the cylindrical body, and a second segment extending from an axial side of the cylindrical body. Each of the plurality of phases further includes a phase output located at least partially outside of the cylindrical body and conducting elements crossing the cylindrical body and forming at two axially opposite sides of the body, respectively, a first chignon and a second chignon. The conducting elements are electrically connected to form at least one winding connecting the phase input to the phase output.

Abstract: A stator for an electric machine includes a generally cylindrically-shaped stator core having a plurality of circumferentially spaced core slots. A stator winding includes a plurality of phases, each including at least a first filar and a second filar extending circumferentially around the stator core to form a plurality of layers. Each of the filars is a conductor having a plurality of slot segments disposed in the core slots. The slot segments are alternately connected at the first and second ends of the stator core by a plurality of end loop segments that may form a cascaded winding pattern. The plurality of filars of each phase alternating radial positions with one another within at least one end loop segment at discreet locations around the stator core such that the average radial position of the slot segments of the first filar conductors is substantially equal to that of the second filar.

Abstract: A permanent magnet electrical machine comprises a first substantially planar member (9, 10) and a second substantially planar member (3) arranged substantially parallel to the first substantially planar member. The first and second members are rotatable relative to each other about a common axis substantially perpendicular to the planes of the first and second members. The first member (9, 10) is provided with an annular array of permanent magnets (7, 8) coaxial with the common axis and configured to provide a substantially axial magnetic field passing through the second member. The second member (3) is provided with a first annular array of flat coils (1) coaxial with the common axis and arranged substantially side-by-side in a first layer and with a second annular array of flat coils (2) coaxial with the common axis and arranged substantially side-by-side in a second layer. The coils (2) of the second array are offset in a circumferential direction relative to the coils (1) of the first array.

Abstract: A surface acoustic wave element includes a single crystal base which has an annular surface formed by at least one portion of a spherical surface, and an exciting unit which excites a surface acoustic wave propagating along the annular surface. An electric signal processing apparatus includes the surface acoustic wave element, an input portion which inputs a predetermined signal to the exciting unit so that the wave is excited, a detecting unit which detects the propagating wave, and an output portion which outputs a signal corresponding to the wave detected by the detecting unit. An environment evaluating apparatus includes the processing apparatus, and a processing portion which evaluates an environment around the base, based on at least one of a frequency of the signal outputted by the processing apparatus, an intensity thereof, and time elapsing from a signal input time to a signal output time from the processing apparatus.

Abstract: An optical assembly that contains an optical device movably attached to a apparatus for driving a threaded shaft assembly. The apparatus contains of a threaded shaft with an axis of rotation and, engaged therewith, a threaded nut. The assembly contains a device for subjecting the threaded nut to ultrasonic vibrations and thereby causing said the shaft to simultaneously rotate and translate in the axial direction.

Abstract: An electronic component includes a substrate; a piezoelectric material layer supported directly or indirectly by the substrate; a first electrode arranged on a surface of the piezoelectric material layer on an opposite side of the substrate; and a second electrode arranged on a surface of the piezoelectric material layer on the substrate side. The piezoelectric material layer is sandwiched between the first electrode and the second electrode. The first electrode has a smaller surface area than the piezoelectric material layer. A portion where the piezoelectric material layer is exposed from the first electrode includes a portion that is thinner than a thickness of the piezoelectric material layer between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: A bimorph switch electrically connecting a traveling contact and a fixed contact. The switch comprises a substrate having a front face, a rear face, and a through hole penetrating from the front face to the rear face; a fixed contact extending from an edge portion of the aperture of the through hole towards the inside of the aperture; and a bimorph section holding the traveling contact at a position facing the aperture and driving the traveling contact. One end of the bimorph section may be formed on a silicon oxide layer formed on a front face of the substrate.

Abstract: A stack-type piezoelectric device is provided in a configuration wherein an inactive layer is placed between an active layer with internal electrodes therein and a piezoelectric layer with terminal electrodes therein, and wherein the internal electrodes and the terminal electrodes can be securely electrically connected through through holes (THs) formed in the inactive layer. In a stack-type piezoelectric device 1, an inactive layer 14 placed between an active layer 6 with anodic electrodes 2 and cathodic electrodes 4 as internal electrodes and a piezoelectric layer 9 with terminal electrodes 7, 8 is comprised of a stack of a plurality of piezoelectric layers 13 in each of which THs 11, 12 are formed. This permits each piezoelectric layer 13 to be formed in such a thickness that an electroconductive member 23 can be securely placed in each TH 11, 12, and the inactive layer 14 can be constructed of a stack of a plurality of such piezoelectric layers 13.

Abstract: The electronic apparatus comprises a display portion and a quartz crystal oscillator at least, and said electronic apparatus comprises at least two quartz crystal oscillators. Also, each of two quartz crystal oscillators of the at least two oscillators comprises a quartz crystal oscillating circuit having an amplification circuit and a feedback circuit. The feedback circuit is constructed by a flexural mode, quartz crystal tuning fork resonator or a width-extensional mode quartz crystal resonator or a thickness shear mode quartz crystal resonator and for example, the quartz crystal tuning fork resonator comprising tuning fork tines and tuning fork base that are formed integrally, is shown with novel shape and electrode construction. Also, the quartz crystal tuning fork resonator, capable of vibrating in a fundamental mode and having a high frequency stability can be provided with a small series resistance and a high quality factor, even when the tuning fork resonator is miniaturized.

Abstract: A spark plug according to the present invention includes a metal shell, an insulator, a cylindrical center electrode, a first ground electrode, and a second ground electrode. The first ground electrode is aligned with the center electrode in the axial direction of the center electrode to form a first spark gap, across which normal sparks are discharged when the insulator is not fouled with carbon. The second ground electrode is aligned with the center electrode in the radial direction of the center electrode to form a second spark gap, across which side sparks are discharged when the insulator is fouled with carbon. The spark plug has an improved structure where dimensional parameters A, T, B, C, L, D, and E are specified to be in suitable ranges that are determined through experimental investigation. The improved structure ensures a high ignition capability and a long service life of the spark plug.

Abstract: In a shadow mask 21, a large number of slots 23 are made in a mask body 22 in the horizontal direction X and in the vertical direction Y. Each slot 23 has a roughly rectangular backside opening 33, a roughly rectangular front-side opening 32, and a through-hole 31 that connects these two openings 33, 32. Of the multiple slots 23 made in the mask body 22, the slots 23 situated at least in those areas of the mask body 22 that are surrounded by a horizontal axis 24 and two diagonal axes 26, 27 that pass through the center point 28 of the mask body 22 have such front-side openings 32 that a pair of the upper and lower short sides 32c, 32d of the rectangular outline of the front-side opening 32 of each slot 23 are inclined, relative to the horizontal axis 24, along the radiate line 61 radiating from the center point 28 of the mask body 22 toward the slot 23.

Abstract: The semiconductor light emitting device is composed of a combination of a near ultraviolet LED and a phosphor layer including a plurality of phosphors for absorbing near ultraviolet emitted by the near ultraviolet LED and for emitting fluorescence having an emission peak in a visible wavelength region, and the phosphor layer includes four kinds of phosphors, that is, a blue-based phosphor, a green-based phosphor, a red-based phosphor and a yellow-based phosphor. Thus, lowering of luminous flux derived from red-based light with low luminosity is compensated by yellow-based light with comparatively high luminosity, and the resultant white-based light can be well color balanced, and hence, a semiconductor light emitting device emitting white-based light with high luminous flux and a large Ra can be obtained.

Abstract: A green phosphor for a plasma display panel, comprising a first phosphor comprising ReBO3:Tb (where Re is at least one rare earth element selected from the group consisting of Sc, Y, La, Ce, and Gd) and a second phosphor of MgAlxOy:Mn (where x is in the range of 1 to 20 and y is in the range of 1 to 30). The green phosphor improves color purity, lifespan characteristics, and discharge stability of a plasma display panel.

Abstract: An emitter has a dielectric layer formed on a conductor, with a thin metal layer over the dielectric. A plurality of conducting centers is in the dielectric layer to allow electrons to pass through the dielectric from the conductor to the thin metal layer via quantum tunneling.

Abstract: The present invention provides a light-transmitting electrode in which metal lines made of a metal with the same or superior electric conductivity to a material for the electrode are arranged linearly on the upper surface, lower surface or both surface of the electrode in the direction away from the connection part between the electrode and an electrode pad. Also, the present invention provides an electrode with a structure in which different electrically conductive compounds are alternately layered. The electrode of the present invention is excellent in transparency and electric conductivity. Also, the present invention provides organic light-emitting devices comprising the electrode.

Abstract: A flat panel display comprises: a transparent substrate having a first display portion and a second display portion; at least one first organic light emitting diode positioned in the first display portion for emitting light in a first direction perpendicular to the transparent substrate, and having a first lower electrode, a first upper electrode, and a first organic emission layer interposed between the first lower electrode and the first upper electrode; and at least one second organic light emitting diode positioned in the second display portion for emitting light in a second direction opposite to the first direction, and having a second lower electrode, a second upper electrode, and a second organic emission layer interposed between the second lower electrode and the second upper electrode. As a result, the flat panel display is fabricated using one substrate to display both screens such that one of the screens is displayed while the other is not displayed.

Abstract: A plasma display panel includes a plurality of first discharge spaces positioned between a front substrate and a rear substrate, and a plurality of sub-pixel units, each of the first discharge spaces having at least two of the sub-pixel units. Each of the first discharge spaces having at least two of the sub-pixel units increases the space available to discharge gas in each sub-pixel unit, thereby reducing a discharge voltage of the discharge gas in each sub-pixel unit and further decreasing an operating voltage and power consumption of the plasma display panel.

Abstract: An AC type PDP includes a front panel having a sustaining electrode and a bus electrode attached to the sustaining electrode, and a rear panel having an address electrode. The bus electrode has a thickness so as to have a predetermined opposed surface to generate opposed discharge with respect to another bus electrode which is adjacent to the bus electrode.

Abstract: A ceramic arc tube having an integral susceptor for RF inductive sealing is described. The integral susceptor in the form of an electrically conductive coating is applied directly to the surface of the arc tube in the seal region. This enables RF heating which is sufficient to melt a frit material and hermetically seal the arc tube. The integral susceptor further provides for a more controlled placement of the seal.

Abstract: A short arc type super high pressure discharge lamp has a pair of electrodes, a light emitting portion in which greater than 0.15 mg/mm3 of mercury is enclosed, and sealing portions provided on both sides of the light emitting portion, wherein at least one of the pair of electrodes has a thick portion which extends into one of the sealing portions and a coil is wound around the thick portion in the one of the sealing portion via a gap.

Abstract: A mercury-free arc tube for a discharge lamp has a closed chamber filled with rare gas and a metal halide containing at least Na halide or Sc halide and electrodes disposed on both end portions of the closed chamber so as to be opposed to each other, wherein the electrode rod is stepped shape which satisfies relationship of 1.1<A1/A2<7.3, whereas A1 is a cross sectional area of the electrode in a top-end side area protruded into the closed chamber and A2 is a cross sectional area of the electrode in a base-end side area fixed to the end portion of the closed chamber.

Abstract: A lamp includes a voltage controller that converts a line voltage to a desired RMS load voltage. The voltage controller is entirely within a lamp base and uses pulse width modulation to define the RMS load voltage. The voltage controller has a feed-back circuit that adjusts the RMS load voltage to a desired voltage based on a comparison to a preset reference. The voltage converter also includes a switching transistor that pulse width modulates lamp current and that is responsive to the feed-back circuit. The feed-back circuit may be included in a microcontroller that has a time-based signal source that triggers the transistor, a comparator that compares the load voltage to a reference, and a program that adjusts the time-based signal source based on the comparison so as to provide the desired RMS load voltage.

Abstract: A display device includes a driver circuit that controls so that an electric charge accumulation and a voltage detection/supply start simultaneously for a pixel circuit in a first row in the matrix and a pixel circuit in a second row in a matrix and adjacent to the pixel circuit in the first row in one direction along a column, and that controls so that the electric charge accumulation and the voltage detection/supply end simultaneously for the pixel circuit in the first row and a pixel circuit in a third row and adjacent to the pixel circuit in the first row in another direction along the column.

Abstract: In the upper half and a lower half of a display area, scanning is implemented such that the directions of scan selection operations are different from each other. The upper half of the panel is scanned from the upper end to the center of the screen, and at the same time the lower half of the panel is scanned from the lower end to the center of the screen. Control is performed such that the difference between the start time of the scan selection operation of the upper half of display area and the start time of the scan selection operation of the lower half of the display area is scanning time of at least one or more scan lines. The configuration avoids a problem that a bright line is generated momentarily on the boundary line of the upper half and the lower half of the panel can be avoided.

Abstract: A current of the same amount or in a constant ratio is applied to each of a combination of a blue light emitting diode having a small wavelength variation and a green light emitting diode having a large wavelength variation. With this, as an amount of applied current increases, an oscillation wavelength of the green light emitting diode having the large wavelength variation changes from a long wavelength side to a short wavelength side and mixes with a blue color of the blue light emitting diode having the small wavelength variation to gradually change chromaticity as a whole. When desired chromaticity is obtained, the amount of the current is fixed.

Abstract: In a bridge circuit for operating a high pressure discharge lamp an additional switching element, a control circuit for driving the additional switching element, a resonant inductor and a resonant capacitor are incorporated. The additional components together form a comparatively simple resonant igniter. The resonant inductor can be formed by part of a filter comprised in the bridge.

Abstract: A method of converting a line voltage to a desired RMS load voltage in a lamp includes the steps of pulse width modulating a load voltage with a pulse width modulation circuit, triggering conduction in the pulse width modulation circuit independently of a line voltage magnitude with a time-based signal source that defines a duty cycle of the pulse width modulation circuit, and adjusting the RMS load voltage to the desired RMS load voltage by adjusting the triggering of conduction in the pulse width modulation circuit based on a comparison of the RMS load voltage to a reference.

Abstract: To positionally stabilize the arc spot in a super-high pressure discharge lamp which is filled with at least 0.20 mg/mm3 of mercury and to prevent the formation of so-called flicker, in an operation device having a high pressure discharge lamp and a feed device, the feed device of the high pressure discharge lamp supplies a frequency in the range from 60 Hz to 1000 Hz as the stationary operating frequency and a low frequency, in a frequency range of from 5 Hz to 200 Hz is inserted which has an inserted length of from one half period to five periods, and an inserting period of from 0.01 seconds to 120 seconds, into the alternating current of the stationary operating frequency. Furthermore, the parameters of the low frequency are changed according to changes of the operating voltage of the discharge lamp.

Abstract: Control systems and methods. An embodiment of control system may comprise a processor for receiving control signals from at least one input device when linked thereto. Computer-readable program code is provided for generating output signals at the processor based on the control signals. An interface is operatively associated with the processor, the interface configures at least one regulator based on the output signals generated at the processor by delivering pulse width modulated signals to the at least one regulator.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a technique for reducing east-west geometry mismatch between the top and bottom of a raster display. This is accomplished by generating a horizontal correction signal that does not have any discontinuities. Since there are no discontinuities in the horizontal correction signal, the horizontal deflection current signal will not be distorted. As a result, there will be no east-west geometry mismatch between the top and bottom of the raster display.

Abstract: An electronic control system (24) for a vehicle seat is provided that includes a seat base (12), a seat back (14), an operator input device (30) and a control circuit (26). The seat base has a seat back motor (34) configured to move a seat base forward and backward. The seat back has a seat back motor (32) configured to adjust an angle of inclination of the seat back. The operator input (30) device is configured to received operator commands for movement of the vehicle seat. The control circuit is configured to receive the operator commands and to control the seat base motor and the seat back motor. The control circuit is also configured to move the seat base and the seat back at a ratio of approximately 1 degree of inclination to between approximately 1 mm to approximately 4 mm of forward or backward movement of the seat base.

Abstract: A path module for a linear motor system includes a controller coupled to one or more amplifiers that are operative to control associated windings in the module. The controller receives control information via a communications link. The controller controls the amplifier based on the received control information so as to selectively energize the associated windings in the module. In one aspect, a plurality of such modules may be connected together to form a path along which one or more stages are moveable according to energization of the windings in the path.

Abstract: A PWM motor drive circuit includes a drive IC member, a Hall IC member, a PWM converter circuit and a capacitor. The drive IC member electrically connects with the Hall IC member, the drive IC member further includes a pin electrically connected with the PWM converter circuit. The capacitor connects in parallel between the pin of the drive IC member and the PWM converter circuit, and further connects with a power source to supply a voltage to the pin of the drive IC member. When the motor is started, the capacitor can prevent occurring zero volts at the pin of the drive IC member so that the drive IC member cannot unexpectedly enter a high-speed mode.