Abstract: A proton conducting polymer is formed by the copolymerization of a plurality of compounds, including a silicon compound comprising an organic chain, and a compound including at least one acid group. The polymer comprises a hybrid organic-inorganic matrix having acid groups linked through a linking group. The linking group may include one or more electron withdrawing groups. The electron withdrawing group may be a halogen.

Abstract: A method of making polycarbonate comprises melt-polymerizing an aromatic dihydroxy compound and a carbonic acid diester in a presence of a polymerization catalyst in a reactor system producing a byproduct stream, wherein the polymerization catalyst comprises a quaternary phosphonium compound; and purifying the byproduct stream to separate the carbonic acid diester, wherein the separated carbonic acid diester has a phosphorous concentration of less than or equal to about 30 parts per million.

Abstract: A process for preparing ketone-formaldehyde resins, especially acetophenone- and cyclohexanone-formaldehyde resins, having a low water content and high thermal stability and yellowing resistance, and a process for their production and their use.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel peptides and compositions capable of modulating viability and growth in neuronal cells, and to methods of modulating neuronal cell viability and growth employing the novel peptides and compositions of the invention. In one aspect, the invention is directed to novel peptide analogues of motoneuronotrophic factor 1 containing either a “WMLSAFS” or “FSRYAR domain,” which is sufficient for neurotrophic or neurotropic function.

Abstract: A process for diminishing the concentration of a metal complex from a solution containing said complex by the addition of an optionally fused and/or optionally substituted heterocyclic compound. The added compound is a solubility-enhancing compound that enhances the solubility of said complex in a second solution. Thereafter the solution containing said complex can be extracted with the second solution.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a suppressant for neuronal cell death effective for various diseases which inhibits a constitutive active forming of calcineurin and has less side effect. An inhibitor of constitutive active forming of calcineurin, more specifically a drug which inhibits cleavage of calcineurin subunit A (CaNA) by calpain. Examples thereof include peptides having the amino acid sequence of FDGATAAARKEVIRNK (SEQ No. 1) and REESESVLTLKGLTPTG (SEQ No. 2).

Abstract: The invention provides polynucleotides and polypeptides encoded therefrom having advantageous properties, including an ability of the polypeptides to preferentially bind a CD28 or CTLA-4 receptor at a level greater or less than the ability of human B7-1 to bind CD28 or CTLA-4, or to induce or inhibit altered level of T cell proliferation response greater compared to that generated by human B7-1. The polypeptides and polynucleotides of the invention are useful in therapeutic and prophylactic treatment methods, gene therapy applications, and vaccines.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel, secreted protein that contains a region homologous to ligand binding domain of a cytokine receptor. This protein, called Frizzled-related protein (FRP), antagonizes the signaling of the Wnt family of cytokines. Extracellular signaling molecules such as the Wnt family members have essential roles as inducers of cellular proliferation, migration, differentiation, and tissue morphogenesis. As Wnt molecules are known to participate in the aberrant growth associated with neoplasia, Wnt antagonists such as FRP are valuable tools which both for understanding oncogenesis and for the design of new cancer therapies.

Abstract: Proteins may be made by genetically engineered microorganisms, the protein being stored in the form of inclusion bodies (IB). The proteins in the inclusion bodies are in an insoluble and inactive form. They may be dissolved using a solubilization reagent (18), and the resulting solution diluted so that the proteins refold into the active form. This refolding of the protein is enhanced by subjecting a solution or suspension of the protein to low intensity sound waves (25), at a low enough intensity that the protein is not denatured. The intensity may be between 10 and 100 mW/cm2.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel polynucleotides encoding HLRRSI1 polypeptides, fragments and homologues thereof. Also provided are vectors, host cells, antibodies, and recombinant and synthetic methods for producing said polypeptides. The invention further relates to diagnostic and therapeutic methods for applying these novel HLRRSI1 polypeptides to the diagnosis, treatment, and/or prevention of various diseases and/or disorders related to these polypeptides, particularly gastrointestinal diseases and/or disorders. The invention further relates to screening methods for identifying agonists and antagonists of the polynucleotides and polypeptides of the present invention.

Abstract: This invention relates to IMX97018, a new members of the human ataxin-1-like polypeptide family, methods of making such polypeptides, and to methods of using them to diagnose and treat neurological conditions and to identify compounds that alter IMX97018 polypeptide activities.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a composition consisting of a series of novel biologically active 33-mer peptides.

Abstract: Purified genes encoding cytokine from a mammal, reagents related thereto including purified proteins, specific antibodies, and nucleic acids encoding this molecule are provided. Methods of using said reagents and diagnostic kits are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of recovering cellular functions in cells following injury, comprising the step of contacting said cells with collagen IV or a natural or mutated fragment thereof. Further provided is a pharmaceutical composition, comprising a therapeutically effective amount of collagen IV or a natural or mutated fragment thereof and a topically acceptable carrier.

Abstract: Novel monoclonal antibodies and binding fragments thereof specific to human breast cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer and other cancers. The monoclonal antibody does not bind to the cell surface of normal human tissues. The corresponding cancer-specific antigen with an apparent molecular weight of 150 kd and polynucleotides encoding the antigen and the CDR regions of the antibody are Also disclosed are methods for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of human breast cancer. The antibodies have tumor specificity and are useful for therapy, diagnosis, monitoring, detecting and imaging of cancers. The antibody-recognized cancer-specific surface antigens can serve as targets for detecting, diagnosing, inhibiting or killing cancer cells.

Abstract: The invention discloses two newly-discovered Flt3 phosphorylation sites, tyrosine 589 (Tyr589) and tyrosine 591 (Tyr591) in the intracellular domain, and provides antibodies, both polyclonal and monoclonal, that selectively bind to Flt3 when phosphorylated at these novel sites. Also provided are assays utilizing these reagents, including methods for determining the phosphorylation of Flt3 in a biological sample, selecting a patient suitable for Flt3 inhibitor therapy, profiling Flt3 activation in a test tissue, and identifying a compound that modulates phosphorylation of Flt3 in a test tissue, by using a detectable reagent, such as the disclosed antibodies, that binds to Flt3 when phosphorylated at Tyr589 or Tyr591. The sample or test tissue may be taken from a subject suspected of having cancer, such as acute myelogenous leukemia (AML).

Abstract: The invention relates to: nucleic acid molecules encoding the light chain and heavy chain of feline immunoglobulin E (IgE), including species-specific regions of feline IgE; proteins encoded by the nucleic acid molecules; inhibitors to the nucleic acids and proteins; antibodies to the proteins; cells transformed with the nucleic acid molecules; assays employing the transformed cells, nucleic acids, antibodies and/or proteins or portions thereof; methods for treating IgE-mediated responses (ie. allergy) using the materials provided; methods for eliciting an immune response to IgE and kits containing the nucleic acid molecules, proteins or derivatives thereof (ie. antibodies).

Abstract: The present invention concerns polypeptides comprising a variant Fc region. More particularly, the present invention concerns Fc region-containing polypeptides that have altered effector function as a consequence of one or more amino acid modifications in the Fc region thereof.

Abstract: This invention provides novel antibodies that specifically bind to the cancer antigen MUC-1. The antibodies are useful targeting moieties for specifically directing imaging agents and various therapeutic moieties to a cancer.

Abstract: The invention provides new monoclonal antibodies and binding fragments thereof which recognize and immunoreact with cell surface antigens found on small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. The antibodies have tumor specificity and are useful for therapy, diagnosis, monitoring, detecting and imaging of SCLC disease and of patients having SCLC disease. The antibody-recognized SCLC-specific surface antigens can serve as targets for detecting, diagnosing, inhibiting or killing SCLC cells.

Abstract: The invention provides humanized immunoglobulins that bind to and neutralize ?-interferon. The antibodies are useful for treatment of diseases of the immune system, particularly autoimmune diseases.

Abstract: We claim the proteinase inhibitors comprising a Kunitz domain, wherein the Kunitz domain comprises amino acid residues 57–107 of SEQ ID NO: 2. We also claim a fusion protein comprising said Kunitz domain. In addition, we claim a method of inhibiting protease degradation or protease activity in a composition which contains plasma proteins and proteases. The proteinase inhibitors is used as components of cell culture media in cell culture process, and as inhibitors of protease-mediated degradation of plasma proteins in protein purification.

Abstract: Heterofunctional crosslinking groups are provided having the formula: wherein W is a covalent core component; L1, L2 and L3 are independently linking groups; X is a non-covalent or reversibly covalent protein tag binder; Y is a activatable covalent linking group; and Z is a protected or unprotected covalent crosslinking group.

Abstract: A purified mammalian proteoglycan, and genetic information encoding such proteoglycans, having a core polypetide molecular weight of about 30 kD to about 35 kD, and comprising a hydrophilic amino terminal extracellular region, a hydrophilic carboxy terminal cytoplasmic region, a transmembrane hydrophobic region between said cytoplasmic and extracellular regions, a protease susceptible cleavage sequence extracellularly adjacent the transmembrane region of the peptide, and at least one glycosylation site for attachment of a heparan sulfate chain to said extracellular region, said glycosylation site comprising a heparan sulfate attachment sequence represented by a formula Xac-Z-Ser-Gly-Ser-Gly (SEQ ID NO: 44), where Xac represents an amino acid residue having an acidic sidechain, and Z represents from 1 to 10 amino acid residues. Additional peptides having this glycosylation site and genetic information useful for preparing a number of variations based on this glycosylation site are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to peptide-based nucleic acid surrogates (PNAs) having a repeating structure of (AAB-aan)m and a particular secondary structure that can bind to particular single-stranded nucleic acid targets. Preferably the peptide-based nucleic acid surrogate has an alpha-helical secondary structure (?PNA). Also, the present invention relates to the method of forming peptide-based nucleic acid surrogates having a particular secondary structure. The nucleic acid surrogates may be utilized for therapeutic (antisense, antigene), diagnostic (genetic), and molecular switching (?PNA chips) applications.

Abstract: Provided are methods of identifying oligonucleotides having transcriptional or translational activity by integrating the oligonucleotide into a eukaryotic cell genome such that the oligonucleotide is operatively linked to an expressible polynucleotide, and detecting a change in expression of the expressible polynucleotide due to the operatively linked oligonucleotide. Also provided are vectors useful for identifying an oligonucleotide having transcriptional or translational regulatory activity according to a method of the invention. In addition, isolated synthetic transcriptional or translational regulatory elements identified according to a method of the invention are provided, as are kits, which contain a vector useful for identifying a transcriptional or translational regulatory element, or an isolated synthetic transcriptional or translational regulatory element or plurality of such elements. Also provided are isolated transcriptional regulatory elements.

Abstract: A novel isolated and purified human protein inhibitor of apoptosis, termed livin, is described. A cDNA sequence which encodes the native inhibitor of apoptosis (livin) is disclosed as well as the structural coding region and the amino acid residue sequence. Molecular sequences are provided for the design and synthesis of entities that modulate biological and/or pharmacological activity of the native biomolecule. Methods are provided which employ the sequences to identify compounds that modulate biological and/or pharmacological activity of the native biomolecule. Biologically-effective antisense molecules as well as dominant negative mutant versions of the livin protein which are suitable for therapeutic are also provided. The invention is also drawn toward the study, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of pathophysiological disorders related to apoptosis.

Abstract: Nkx2-C4 polypeptides and polynucleotides and methods for producing such polypeptides by recombinant techniques are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods for utilizing Nkx2-C4 polypeptides and polynucleotides in diagnostic assays.

Abstract: A nucleic acid and a protein increasing expression levels under salt stress provide a nucleic acid with a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ. ID. NO. 1 in Sequence Listing, a variant nucleic acid thereof, a protein with an amino acid sequence of SEQ. ID. NO. 2 in Sequence Listing, and a variant protein thereof. Each of the nucleic acids and the proteins increases an expression level under salt stress. The nucleic acid and the protein are capable of providing a novel protein with a function to impart salt stress tolerance to a plant, and providing a novel gene encoding the novel protein.

Abstract: Nucleic acid compositions encoding polypeptide products having at least two linked chromo/fluorescent domains, as well as the proteins encoded by the same, are provided. Also provided are the polypeptides encoded by the subject nucleic acids, as well as antibodies to the subject proteins and transgenic cells and organisms. The subject protein and nucleic acid compositions find use in a variety of different applications. Finally, kits for use in such applications, e.g., that include the subject nucleic acid compositions, are provided.

Abstract: The invention concerns a purified polypeptide, biologically active polypeptide derivative or fragment of said purified polypeptide, comprising an amino acid sequence selected among SEQ.ID. No. 2, No. 4, No. 6 and No. 8.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions and methods comprising a novel tumor suppressor gene, designated NOEY2, that is expressed in normal ovarian and breast surface epithelial cells but consistently absent or down-regulated in ovarian and breast cancer cells. Disclosed are polynucleotide compositions comprising a NOEY2 gene from mammalian sources, and polypeptides encoded by these nucleic acid sequences. Also disclosed are methods for preparing NOEY2 polypeptides, transformed host cells, and antibodies reactive with NOEY2 polypeptides. In certain embodiments, the invention describes methods for diagnosing and treating cancers, as well as methods for identifying NOEY2-related polynucleotide and polypeptide compositions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of nucleic acid, including DNA, immunization of a host, including humans, against disease caused by infection by a strain of Chlamydia, specifically C. pneumoniae, employing a vector containing a nucleotide sequence encoding a 60 kDa cysteine-rich membrane protein of a strain of Chlamydia pneumoniae and a promoter to effect expression of the 60 kDa cysteine-rich membrane protein gene in the host. Modifications are possible within the scope of this invention.

Abstract: A plurality of primer sets are designed based on a region where conservation at the amino acid level is observed among various microorganisms for known gene sequences corresponding to a gene coding for an enzyme of the L-amino acid biosynthetic pathway derived from Corynebacterium thermoaminogenes, preferably an enzyme that functions at a higher temperature compared with that of Corynebacterium glutamicum. PCR is performed by using the primers and chromosomal DNA of Corynebacterium thermoaminogenes as a template. The primers with which an amplification fragment has been obtained are used as primers for screening to select a clone containing a target DNA fragment from a plasmid library of chromosomal DNA of Corynebacterium thermoaminogenes.

Abstract: The invention relates to vaccine against infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) virus, DNA sequences endocing immunogenic proteins from ISA virus, diagnostic kit for detection of ISA specific nucleic acid sequences and proteins and exploitation of the ISA virus genome or parts of it as a general model organism.

Abstract: A novel method for the labeling of oligonucleotides which results in the economical synthesis of 5? labeled molecules. A set of suitably protected and carefully selected set of amino linkers, a modified deprotination/cleavage protocol and standard coupling methodologies to are used to allow for the convergent synthesis of any number of labeled oligonucleotides.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the direct synthesis of double stranded DNA molecules of a variety of sizes and with any desired sequence. The DNA molecule to be synthesis is logically broken up into smaller overlapping DNA segments. A maskless microarray synthesizer is used to make a DNA microarray on a substrate in which each element or feature of the array is populated by DNA of a one of the overlapping DNA segments. The DNA segments are released from the substrate and held under conditions favoring hybridization of DNA, under which conditions the segments will spontaneously hybridize together to form the desired DNA construct. This method makes possible the remote assembly of DNA sequence, through a process analogous to facsimile transmission of documents, since the information on DNA to be made can be transmitted remotely to an instrument which can then synthesize any needed DNA sequence from the information.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a nucleic acid purification method and purification apparatus characterized by high washing efficiency where contamination does not occur and liquid does not remain in the nozzle tip. The present invention provides a tip containing the solid phase capturing a nucleic acid characterized in that washing solution is fed into said tip unidirectionally from head to end.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of 5-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-[2-((2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-ethyl]-2-isopropyl-4-phenyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid phenylamide by a novel synthesis is described where methyl cyanoacetate is converted in eight operations or fewer to the desired product, as well as other valuable intermediates used in the process.

Abstract: The invention relates to basic mono- and bisazo compounds according to formula (I) wherein all substituents are defined as in Claim 1, their production, their use as dyestuffs as well as material dyed with these dyestuffs.

Abstract: The invention relates to the polymorph A of flibanserin, to a technical process for the preparation thereof, as well as to the use thereof for preparing medicaments.

Abstract: This invention is directed to vanilloid receptor VR1 ligands. More particularly, this invention relates to naphthol, quinoline and isoquinoline-derived ureas that are potent antagonists or agonists of VR1 which are useful for the treatment and prevention of inflammatory and other pain conditions in mammals.

Abstract: An ester or amide derivative represented by the general formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Particularly, an ester or amide derivative of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroqunoline-2-carboxylic acid represented by the general formula (I?) or (I?), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to treating inflammatory and immune diseases with certain aminoquinoline compounds that bind to CXCR3 receptors. The aminoquinoline compounds are covered by the formula (I) shown below. Each variable is defined in the specification.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a compound of the formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, hydrate or solvate thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are as defined herein. The compound of formula I is useful in the treatment of abnormal cell growth, such as cancer, in mammals.

Abstract: A compound, which has a melanin-concentrating hormone antagonistic action and useful as an agent for preventing or treating obesity, and which is represented by the formula: wherein Ar is a cyclic group optionally having substituent(s); X is a bond or a spacer having a main chain of 1 to 6 atoms; R1 and R2 are the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group optionally having substituent(s), or R1 and R2 may form, together with the adjacent nitrogen atom, a nitrogen-containing heterocycle optionally having substituent(s); Y is a divalent hydrocarbon group optionally having substituent(s) (except CO); R3 is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group optionally having substituent(s); and ring A and ring B may further have substituents, and when ring B further has a substituent, the substituent may be linked to R1 to form a ring, or a salt thereof, or a prodrug thereof, is provided.

Abstract: A new crystalline polymorph of ritonavir and methods for its use and preparation are disclosed.

Abstract: A simple and effective stereocontrolled synthesis of salinosporamide A(1) has been developed which follows the pathway outlined in the FIGURE. The process, the first total synthesis of salinosporamide A, is capable of providing the compound in substantial quantities for further biological studies. In addition to the method of Scheme I, the present invention also includes several novel synthetic intermediate compounds, several intermediate steps of the preferred synthetic process; and the uses of these compounds in the preparation of synthetic derivatives of the compound Salinosporamide A. Salinosporamide A is of special interest as a synthetic target because of its protein in vitro cytotoxic activity against many tumor cell lines (IC50 values of 10 nM or less).

Abstract: The invention relates to novel mono-, oligo and poly[2,3-b]-thienothiophenes, their use as semiconductors or charge transport materials, in optical, electro-optical or electronic devices like for example liquid crystal displays, optical films, organic field effect transistors (FET or OFET) for thin film transistor liquid crystal displays and integrated circuit devices such as RFID tags, electroluminescent devices in flat panel displays, and in photovoltaic and sensor devices, and to a field effect transistor, light emitting device or ID tag comprising the novel polymers.

Abstract: A process for the production of 3,4-dioxythiophene compounds represented by the following formula (I), is described. In formula (I) A, B, C and D in each case independently denote a bond, optionally substituted alkylene, optionally substituted cycloalkylene, optionally substituted arylene or (O—(CR1R2)m)x, where R1 and R2 in each case mutually independently denote hydrogen or optionally substituted alkyl, m denotes an integer from 1 to 10 and x denotes an integer from 1 to 10, provided that at least one of the units A, B, C or D does not denote a bond. The process involves reacting a 3,4-dihydroxythiophene or the alkali metal salt thereof with the following compound, TosO-A-B-C-D-OTos, thus forming an intermediate 3,4-dioxythiophene diester. The intermediate 3,4-dioxythiophene diester is saponified, thus forming an intermediate 3,4-dioxythiophene dicarboxylic acid, which is then decarboxylated, thereby forming the 3,4-dioxythiophene compound represented by formula-(I).