Abstract: A method of modifying the porosity of a thickness of a layer of porous dielectric material having a surface and formed on a semiconductor substrate is provided by exposing the porous dielectric material to a sufficient temperature in the presence of a first gas to drive moisture particles out of the pores. Modifying also includes, exposing the porous dielectric material to a radio frequency stimulus of sufficient power in the presence of a second gas to densify a thickness of the porous dielectric material to reduce or prohibit subsequent absorption of moisture or reactant gas particles by the thickness or porous dielectric material.

Abstract: A method of forming a plasma enhanced deposited oxide film on a substrate includes introducing into a chamber containing the substrate silane gas and a dopant gas such as phosphine. The chamber is pressurized and energy is applied to create a plasma. The energy may be a dual frequency energy. The gas rates and pressure are selected to produce a plasma enhanced deposited oxide film on a substrate having a Si—O—Si bond peak absorbance in the IR spectrum of at least 1092 cm?1.

Abstract: A method for using ALD and RVD techniques in semiconductor manufacturing to produce a smooth nanolaminate dielectric film, in particular for filling structures with doped or undoped silica glass, uses dynamic process conditions. A dynamic process using variable substrate (e.g., wafer) temperature, reactor pressure and/or reactant partial pressure, as opposed to static process conditions through various cycles, can be used to minimize film roughness and improve gap fill performance and film properties via the elimination or reduction of seam occurrence. Overall film roughness can be reduced by operating the initial growth cycle under conditions which optimize film smoothness, and then switching to conditions that will enhance conformality, gap fill and film properties for the subsequent process cycles. Film deposition characteristics can be changed by modulating one or more of a number of process parameters including wafer temperature, reactor pressure, reactant partial pressure and combinations of these.

Abstract: A fabric is formed from yarn comprised of inorganic filaments coated with rayon. Specifically, the inorganic filaments are spun from a melt of volcanic black rock and are comprised of calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, potassium oxide, aluminum oxide, iron oxide, silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, sodium oxide, and boron. As a result of its composition, the fabric is temperature resistant and lightweight, yet strong. Preferably, the fabric exhibits a melting point between 1500° C. and 1650° C., a working range of ?130° C. to 700° C., a density of 1.6 g/cc, a surface density between 160 g/m2 and 350 g/m2, and a tensile strength between 500 lbf/in2 and 1800 lbf/in2.

Abstract: A method of making a SiAlON ceramic body that includes a two phase composite comprising an alpha prime SiAlON phase and a beta prime SiAlON phase, the method includes the steps of: providing a starting powder that comprises at least about 70 weight percent silicon nitride powder and one or more other powders that provide aluminum, oxygen, nitrogen, and at least two selected rare earth elements to the SiAlON ceramic body wherein the rare earth elements are selected from at least two groups of the following three groups of rare earth elements wherein Group I comprises La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm and Eu, and Group II comprises Gd, Tb, Dy and Ho, and Group III comprises Er, Tm, Yb and Lu; and consolidating the starting powder mixture to form a ceramic body comprising a two phase composite comprising an alpha prime SiAlON phase and a beta prime SiAlON phase, and the alpha prime SiAlON phase containing one or more of the selected rare earth elements excluding La and Ce, and the ceramic body having a composition falling

Abstract: A process in which halogen is recovered from a cyclic operation for regenerating hydrocarbon conversion catalysts is disclosed. The process uses an arrangement of beds of adsorbent and a circulating stream to return the halogen-containing materials to a regeneration circuit.

Abstract: Catalyst components for the preparation of ethylene (co)polymers capable to produce polymers with high bulk density, to avoid the problems of formation of fines and that have a high activity are provided. Said catalyst components are characterized by comprising a non-stereospecific solid catalyst component, comprising a titanium compound and a magnesium dihalide, which is pre-polymerized with an alpha olefin CH2?CHR1 wherein R is a C1–C8 alkyl group, to such an extent that the amount of the ?-olefin pre-polymer is up to 100 g per g of said solid catalyst component.

Abstract: An internal electron-donor compound selected from the 1,3-diethers of formula (I) in which R is a C1–C10 alkyl group, R1 is a linear or branched primary alkyl radical having at least three carbon atoms, optionally containing a heteroatom, and R2 is a secondary alkyl or cycloalkyl radicals different from i-propyl, optionally containing a heteroatom.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of synthesizing molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and carbon-containing molybdenum disulfide (MoS2-xCx) catalysts that exhibit improved catalytic activity for hydrotreating reactions involving hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation, and hydrogenation. The present invention also concerns the resulting catalysts. Furthermore, the invention concerns the promotion of these catalysts with Co, Ni, Fe, and/or Ru sulfides to create catalysts with greater activity, for hydrotreating reactions, than conventional catalysts such as cobalt molybdate on alumina support.

Abstract: The invention is directed to methods of transfering catalyst particles into and within reaction systems. The reaction systems are those that use catalysts that comprise molecular sieves, particularly metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieves, especially metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieves which are susceptible to loss of catalytic activity due to contact with water molecules. The transfer methods provide appropriate mechanisms for transporting catalyst into and within a reactor to protect against loss of catalytic activity that can occur due to contact with water molecules.

Abstract: A purification catalyst and a gas-purifying apparatus are provided which are capable of sufficiently purifying a gas subject to treatment at low temperatures. The purification catalyst includes ZrO2 having a specific surface area of 50 m2/g or less and a monoclinic crystal system. The gas-purifying apparatus includes the aforementioned purification catalyst as a first purification catalyst, and a second purification catalyst containing Mn as a major component and disposed upstream of the first purification catalyst.

Abstract: A ceramic support capable of supporting a catalyst comprising a ceramic body having fine pores with a diameter or width up to 1000 times the ion diameter of a catalyst component to be supported on the surface of the ceramic body, the number of the fine pores being not less than 1×1011 pores per liter, is produced by introducing oxygen vacancies or lattice defects in the cordierite crystal lattice or by applying a thermal shock to form fine cracks.

Abstract: The present invention provides a thermal transfer image receiving sheet having a good productivity, capable of inexpensively obtaining an image with high density and high resolution. A dye receiving layer is provided on one surface side of a base material film, and a porous layer with hollow particles bonded by a binder resin provided on the other surface side, respectively. The porous layer is attached with a base material via an adhesive layer.

Abstract: A herbicidal concentrate of a glyphosate di-salt and an enhancement agent is obtained by adjusting the pH of a concentrate containing a glyphosate salt until a single-phase concentrate is obtained. The amount of base added to the concentrate is generally the amount necessary to render a pH of about 7.0 to 8.5 to the concentrate.

Abstract: A process for reducing the viscosity of fracturing fluids in downhole oilfield operations is provided. The process comprises contacting a sulfamate stabilized, bromine-based breaker with an aqueous polysaccharide fracturing fluid, with the breaker present in an amount to reduce the viscosity of the fracturing fluid. A composition which comprises a sulfamate stabilized, bromine-based breaker for use in decreasing the viscosity of an aqueous polysaccharide fracturing fluid for use in subterranean oil and gas wells is also provided.

Abstract: Compositions, which can be used in cosmetic applications, comprising: (a) at least one wax selected from the group consisting of dialkyl(ene) alkoxy ethers corresponding to formula (I): R1—(OCnH2n)x—O—(CmH2mO)y—R2??(I) in which R1 and R2 independently of one another represent alkyl and/or alkylene groups containing 16 to 36 carbon atoms, n and m independently of one another represent numbers of 2 to 4 and x and y independently of one another represent numbers of 0 to 10, the sum of x and y being a number of 1 to 10; and dialkyl(ene) carbonates corresponding to formula (II): R3O—CO—OR4??(II) in which R3 and R4 independently of one another represent optionally hydroxyfunctionalized alkyl and/or alkenyl groups containing 16 to 36 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof; (b) at least one silicone; (c) at least one amphoteric and/or zwitterionic surfactant; and (d) at least one cationic polymer.

Abstract: A resist removing composition having a superior capability for removing a resist, polymer, organometallic polymer and etching by-products such as metal oxide, which does not attack underlying layers exposed to the composition and which does not leave residues after a rinsing step. The resist removing composition contains alkoxy N-hydroxyalkyl alkanamide and a swelling agent.

Abstract: A composition and method for use in imparting or maintaining a glossy or shiny finish on a hard surface. In one embodiment, the composition comprises a base polish component or components, and at least one poly[oxyalkylene] ammonium cationic surfactant. In another embodiment, a method of imparting a glossy finish on a hard surface by applying a composition to the hard surface, the composition comprising at least one poly[oxyalkylene] ammonium cationic surfactant. In some such embodiments, the composition comprises a base polish and the poly[oxyalkylene] ammonium cationic surfactant is dispersed in the base polish. Preferably, the poly[oxyalkylene] ammonium cationic surfactant comprises in the range of about 0.01 to about 10 wt. %, more preferably in the range of about 0.05 to about 5 wt. %, and more preferably in the range of about 0.1 to about 1 wt. % of the total composition.

Abstract: Cleaning compositions and methods of use thereof are described. A representative cleaning composition includes about 0.2% to about 25% of a surfactant and one or more of the following components: about 5% to about 99% of a builder, bout 5% to about 95% of a hydrotrope, about 2% to about 60% of a water conditioner, about 0.1% to about 35% of an alkali, and about 2% to about 85% of a processing aid.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to VEGF-2 polynucleotides and polypeptides and methods of using such polynucleotides and polypeptides. In particular, provided are methods of treating retinal disorders with VEGF-2 polynucleotides and polypeptides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel exendin agonist compounds useful in treatment of Type I and II diabetes, and useful in lowering plasma glucose levels, reducing body weight, and delaying and/or slowing gastric emptying.

Abstract: Functional Apolipoprotein A-I mutant proteins, having one or more cysteine substitutions and polynucleotides encoding same, can be used to modulate paraoxonase's arylesterase activity. These ApoA-I mutant proteins can be used as therapeutic agents to combat cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, acute phase response and other inflammatory related diseases. The invention also includes modifications and optimizations of the ApoA-I nucleotide sequence for purposes of increasing protein expression and optimization.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of metabolic research. Metabolic disorders, such as obesity, are a public health problem that is serious and widespread. GSSP4 polypeptides have been identified that are believed to be beneficial in the treatment of metabolic disorders. These compounds should be effective for reducing cholesterol levels, body mass, body fat, and for treating metabolic-related diseases and disorders. The metabolic-related diseases or disorders include, but are not limited to, obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, diabetes, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and hypertension.

Abstract: Thiazolidinedione (TZD) and its pharmacologically active derivatives can be used, in combination with agonists of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), to treat non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, optionally with other therapies, by improving glycemic control while minimizing side effects, such as heart hypertrophy and elevated fed-state plasma glucose, which are associate with both TZD and GLP-1 monotherapies. Thus, the co-administration of TZD and GLP-1 helps regulate glucose homeostasis in Type II diabetic patients.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for inducing immune suppression are disclosed. The methods involve administering an effective amount of a CD200 protein or a nucleic acid encoding a CD200 protein. The methods are useful in preventing graft rejection, fetal loss, autoimmune disease, and allergies. Methods and compositions for preventing immune suppression are also disclosed. The methods involve administering an effective amount of an agent that inhibits CD200. Such methods are useful in treating cancer.

Abstract: This invention features an antithrombosis enzyme extracted and purified from the snake venom of Southern-Anhui Agkistrodon acutus and pharmaceutical uses thereof.

Abstract: Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is a potent inhibitor of tumor growth and angiogenesis. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms that are involved in the inhibition of tumor growth by the type 1 repeats (TSRs), recombinant versions of these motifs have been produced and have been assayed for their ability to inhibit the growth of experimental B16F10 and Lewis lung carcinomas. Recombinant proteins that contain all three TSRs (3TSR) or the second TSR with (TSR2+RFK) or without (TSR2) the transforming growth factor beta (TGF?) activating sequence (RFK) have been expressed in Drosophila S2 cells. A recombinant protein containing all three type 1 repeats of TSP-2 and a recombinant protein containing the second TSR with the RFK sequence altered to QFK have also been produced. The data indicate that the TSRs inhibit tumor growth by inhibition of angiogenesis and regulation of tumor cell growth and apoptosis. The regulation of tumor cell growth and apoptosis is RFK-dependent while the inhibition of angiogenesis is not.

Abstract: Compound B is shown to promote angiogenesis, specifically, budding of capillaries. The combination of Compound B and with human growth factor, such as bFGF, shows synergistic angiogenetic effects.

Abstract: Methods for modulating TRIP-Br function and activity in a proliferating cell are provided, as well as methods for treating a proliferative disorder by modulating TRIP-Br function in a proliferating cell.

Abstract: The invention provides an isolated or purified peptide that binds at least one plasma protein. In one embodiment, the isolated or purified peptide binds to fibrinogen, comprises no more than 10 amino acids, and comprises an amino acid sequence Xaa1-Xaa2-Xaa3-Xaa4-Xaa5, an amino acid sequence Gly-Xaa6-Arg-Xaa7, or an amino acid sequence selected from specific amino acid sequences provided herein. Alternatively, the isolated or purified protein binds to ?l proteinase inhibitor and/or a protein complex comprising Apo-A1 lipoprotein and paraoxonase. The peptide comprises no more than 10 amino acids and comprises an amino acid sequence Xaa8-Xaa8-Xaa1-His-Xaa1-Xaa3, and amino acid sequence His-Xaa8-Xaa9-Xaa1-Xaa10-Xaa2, or an amino acid sequence selected from specific amino acid sequences provided herein. In addition, the invention provides isolated or purified peptide that binds to von Willebrand Factor.

Abstract: The present invention describes compounds, compositions and methods of using the same comprising lysine covalently attached to amphetamine. These compounds and compositions are useful for reducing or preventing abuse and overdose of amphetamine. These compounds and compositions find particular use in providing an abuse-resistant alternative treatment for certain disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ADD, narcolepsy, and obesity. Oral bioavailability of amphetamine is maintained at therapeutically useful doses. At higher doses bioavailability is substantially reduced, thereby providing a method of reducing oral abuse liability. Further, compounds and compositions of the invention decrease the bioavailability of amphetamine by parenteral routes, such as intravenous or intranasal administration, further limiting their abuse liability.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and nutritional compositions for the prevention and treatment of cachexia and anorexia. The methods of the invention comprise administering a composition comprising effective amounts of ?-3 fatty acids such as alpha-linolenic acid, stearidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid or mixtures thereof; of branched-chain amino acids valine, leucine, isoleucine or mixtures thereof; with or without reduced levels of tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan; and of antioxidant system selected from the group comprising beta-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The topical use of glycosides for the treatment of dry eye disorders is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compounds comprising a 2,3-diphenylquinoxaline moiety which inhibit the activity of Akt, a serine/threonine protein kinase. The invention is further directed to chemotherapeutic compositions containing the compounds of this invention and methods for treating cancer comprising administration of the compounds of the invention.

Abstract: Reagents useful in nucleic acid immunization techniques are described. More particularly, adjuvanted genetic vaccine compositions are described, as are methods of using those compositions for inducing an enhanced immune response against a selected antigen.

Abstract: The invention provides a vector which is capable of the expression of a vascular endothelial growth factor wherein the vector comprises a modified PCMV promoter. The invention further provides use of a vector which is capable of and expressing a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for the regulation of endothelial function, angiogenesis and arteriogenesis. The invention further comprises use of a vector which is capable of the expression of a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for the prophylactic treatment of arterial diseases and/or bone marrow diseases and/or neural diseases.

Abstract: Nucleic acid sequences containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotides that modulate an immune response including stimulating a Th1 pattern of immune activation, cytokine production, NK lytic activity, and B cell proliferation are disclosed. The sequences are also useful a synthetic adjuvant.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for improving the solubility of a protein of interest produced recombinantly by expressing the protein of interest as a fusion protein with a member of the 14-3-3 family of proteins.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention relate to the discovery of a novel hepatitis C virus (HCV) isolate. Embodiments include HCV peptides, nucleic acids encoding said HCV peptides, antibodies directed to said peptides, compositions containing said nucleic acids and peptides, as well as methods of making and using the aforementioned compositions including, but not limited to, diagnostics and medicaments for the treatment and prevention of HCV infection.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of treating edematous retinal disorders. The method comprises administration of a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a hydrolysis-resistant P2Y receptor agonist to stimulate the removal of pathological extraneous fluid from the subretinal and retinal spaces and thereby reduce the accumulation of said fluid associated with retinal detachment and retinal edema. The P2Y receptor agonist can be administered with therapeutic and adjuvant agents commonly used to treat edematous retinal disorders. The pharmaceutical formulation useful in this invention comprises a P2Y receptor agonist with enhanced resistance to extracellular hydrolysis, such as dinucleoside polyphosphate compounds, or hydrolysis-resistant mononucleoside triphosphate salts. The present invention also provides P1-(2?-deoxycytidine 5?-)P4-(uridine 5?-)tetraphosphate, tetra-(alkali metal) salts such as tetrasodium, tetralithium, tetrapotassium, and mixed (tetra-alkali metal) salts.

Abstract: The present invention provides boronic acid compounds, boronic esters, and compositions thereof that can modulate apoptosis such as by inhibition of proteasome activity. The compounds and compositions can be used in methods of inducing apoptosis and treating diseases such as cancer and other disorders associated directly of indirectly with proteasome activity.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of derivatives of E-type prostaglandins as EP2 agonists, in general, and, in particular as ocular hypotensives. The PGE derivatives used in accordance with the invention are represented by the following formula I: wherein the hatched segment represents an ? bonds, the solid triangle represents a ? bond, the wavy segments represent ? or ? bond, dashed lines represent a double bond or a single bond, X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and halogen radicals, R3 is heteroaryl or a substituted heteroaryl radical, R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or a lower alkyl radical having up to six carbon atoms, or a lower acyl radical having up to six carbon atoms, R is selected from the group consisting of CO2R4, CONR42, CH2OR4, CONR4SO2R4, P(O)(OR4) and wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of H, phenyl and lower alkyl having from one to six carbon atoms and n is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 4.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel compounds denominated halocombstatins. The halocombstatins are derivatives of combretastatin A-3, and include compounds that exhibit cancer growth cell inhibition against a panel of human cancer cell lines and the murine P388 leukemia, as well as activity as inhibitors of tubulin polymerization and inhibitors of the binding of colchicine to tubulin.

Abstract: The invention provides a formulation to be administered as a dry powder for inhalation suitable for efficacious delivery of active ingredients into the low respiratory tract of patients suffering from a pulmonary disease such as asthma. In particular, the invention provides a formulation to be administered as dry powder for inhalation freely flowable, which can be produced in a simple way, is physically and chemically stable and capable of delivering both accurate doses and high fine particle fraction of low strength active ingredients by using a high- or medium resistance device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to bicyclic heterocycles of general formula wherein Ra, Rb, Rc, Rd, Re and X are defined as in claim 1, the tautomers, the stereoisomers, the mixtures thereof and the salts thereof, particularly the physiologically acceptable salts thereof with inorganic or organic acids, which have valuable pharmacological properties, particularly an inhibitory effect on signal transduction mediated by tyrosine kinases, the use thereof for treating diseases, particularly tumoral diseases and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), diseases of the lungs and respiratory tract, and the preparation thereof.

Abstract: Compounds complying with the general formula (I) in which R either represents a halogen atom or a phenyl group substituted by one or more groups chosen from halogen atoms and (C1–C6)alkyl, (C1–C6)alkoxy, nitro, amino, trifluoromethyl, cyano, hydroxy, acetyl or methylenedioxy groups, or represents a pyridinyl group, a thienyl group, an indolyl group, or a pyrimidinyl group optionally substituted by one or more (C1–C6)alkoxy groups, where, of the two carbon-carbon bonds represented by , one is single and the other may be single or double. Therapeutic application.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel sulfonamide derivatives and novel intermediates thereof, preparation thereof, and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, and more particularly, to novel sulfonamide derivatives and intermediates thereof that are used as angiogenesis controlling material and that can inhibit overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase that decomposes protein constituents in extracellular and basement membranes of connective tissues, and preparation methods thereof, and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same.

Abstract: A compound of the formulae (I) or (II): wherein: Y is a moiety selected from NR or —(CH2)n; wherein R is hydrogen or (C1–C6) lower alkyl, and n is 1; represents: (1) a phenyl ring optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected, independently, from the group comprising hydrogen, (C1–C6) lower alkyl, halogen, cyano, CF3, hydroxy, (C1–C6) lower alkoxy, (C1–C6) lower alkoxy carbonyl, carboxy, —CONH2, —CONH[(C1–C6) lower alkyl], —CON[(C1–C6) lower alkyl]2; or (2) a 6-membered aromatic (unsaturated) heterocyclic ring having one nitrogen atom, optionally substituted by (C1–C6) lower alkyl, halogen or (C1–C6) lower alkoxy; represents: (1) a phenyl ring optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected, independently, from the group comprising hydrogen, (C1–C6) lower alkyl, halogen, cyano, CF3, hydroxy, (C1–C6) lower alkoxy, or (C1–C6) lower alkoxy carbonyl, carboxy, —CONH2, —CONH[(C1–C6) lower alkyl], —CON[(C1–C6) lower alkyl]2; or (2) a 5-membered aromatic (unsaturat

Abstract: This invention relates to novel diazabicyclic biaryl derivatives, which are found to be cholinergic ligands at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and modulators of the monoamine receptors and transporters. Due to their pharmacological profile the compounds of the invention may be useful for the treatment of diseases or disorders as diverse as those related to the cholinergic system of the central nervous system (CNS), the peripheral nervous system (PNS), diseases or disorders related to smooth muscle contraction, endocrine diseases or disorders, diseases or disorders related to neuro-degeneration, diseases or disorders related to inflammation, pain, and withdrawal symptoms caused by the termination of abuse of chemical substances.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of using Cav2.2 subunit calcium channel modulators, particularly thiazolidinone, oxazolidinone, and imidazolone derivatives, to treat lower urinary tract and related disorders.