Abstract: A predator replica is provided that has a moveable head. The head rotates and also has a spring actuated multidimensional movement for deterring pests, particularly unwanted birds. The predator head is provided with a wind activated fin. The fin increases the probability of head movement. The spring provides a “bobble” movement of owl head. The head suspends over the body with a gap between the head and body providing clearance to allow for the spring actuated head movement.

Abstract: An electronic predator replica is disclosed for controlling pests, particularly unwanted birds, in a specific area. The predator replica may be an electronic owl. The replica senses motion by one or more of a plurality of spaced motion sensors, and the predator head rotates to the angle of the sensor that sensed the motion. A noise device in the predator may simulate predator sounds, and can be set to play when motion is detected. The owl head may stay at the angle from which motion is detected for a selected time period, and then rotate in opposite direction to its starting point.

Abstract: A visual wear indicator is disclosed capable of giving a visual indication of the degree of wear on an athletic or other type of shoe. In general, the visual wear indicator may operate by having two different colored regions, each having a viscosity which varies a function of pressure. Before pressure is applied, the boundary between the two regions is clear. However, over time, as the midsole and/or outer sole of the shoe wear away, the pressure exerted on the visual wear indicator increases during activity. As the pressure increases, the viscosity of the regions eventually decreases. When the viscosity decreases, the regions bleed together, and the boundary between the regions becomes less clear. The degree of mixture between the regions may be calibrated to give a clear visual indication of when the shoe has worn down to the point where the shoe is unable to provide a desired level of support and stress absorption.

Abstract: A combination temperature exposure indicator suitable for attachment to, or association with, a host product has a substrate, a freeze indicator supported by the substrate and a cumulative ambient time-temperature indicator also supported by the substrate. The freeze indicator can provide a visual indication of exposure of the freeze indicator to a freezing or near-freezing temperature and the cumulative time-temperature indicator can provide a visual indication of exposure of the cumulative time-temperature indicator to a predetermined cumulative time-temperature value. Also disclosed are: a combination freeze indicator and threshold temperature indicator; a combination threshold indicator and cumulative temperature indicator; and three-way combination indicators that can provide indications of cumulative past temperature exposure, exposure to freezing temperatures and exposure to a temperature above a threshold.

Abstract: Single, acentric, hexagonal, beryllium borate crystals having the formula Sr2Be2B2O7 and of a size sufficient for use in a variety of laser and non-optical applications are formed by a hydrothermal method. Alternate structures are formed by partially substituting the strontium ion with at least one other divalent metal ion.

Abstract: Single, acentric, rhombohedral, fluoroberyllium borate crystals of a size sufficient for use in a variety of laser and non-optical applications are formed by a hydrothermal method.

Abstract: Previously a number of techniques have been used in order to form single crystal or pre-determined crystallography components and articles. Each one of these techniques has its own particular problems, including susceptibility to error. By utilisation of a bi-crystal experiment to determine melt-back length LM and by consideration of the ingress distance d from potential initiation nucleation points on a perimeter of a seed crystal, it is possible to determine a maximum ingress length d. By ensuring that the maximum ingress length d is less than or equal to a seed crystal diameter R, it is possible to project locus from potential nucleation points C1, C2 in terms of potential radii for stray grain propagation. As the seed crystal will have a known crystalline orientation, it will be possible to consider two divergent growth curves of the crystal in terms of the stray grains propagating from the point C1, C2.

Abstract: A wallpaper pasting device that unrolls wallpaper from a paper roll (40), as well as measures wallpaper as it is dispensed using counter (50). Adhesive is applied via the present invention using first adhesive swiper (70) and second adhesive swiper, so that the wallpaper is ready to be cut and installed on a wall. A single user can thus prep wall paper for wall mounting.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for producing a continuous filament reinforced thermoplastic profile having consistent cross section. A continuous reinforcing filament is pre-wetted with a first thermoplastic resin and introduced into a die, where it is contacted with a second thermoplastic resin extruded from an extruder at melt state. The temperature of the die is carefully controlled so that the pre-wetted filament and first resin do not cure or solidify until after they have contacted and mixed with the second thermoplastic resin. The mixture temperature is then controlled to make a substantially solidified profile pre-shape. A capping layer comprising a third thermoplastic resin is then coextruded onto the outer surface of the pre-shape. A multistage die for bringing together the filament and thermoplastic resins and for maintaining appropriate temperatures at each stage of the profile-forming process is also disclosed.

Abstract: The die as provided is a die in which an upper block is placed on an upper surface of a lower block with a lower surface of the upper block in contact with the upper surface, wherein the lower block includes a manifold and a slit serving as a path for discharging paint from the manifold to the outside, constituted respectively from between the lower block and the lower surface of the upper block by forming a cavity and a space which communicates with the outside from this cavity along a columnar direction, respectively, from one end face of a columnar body with a trapezoidal shape of cross section to the other end face, a paint supply path which communicates with the manifold is formed from an outer side located between the one end face and the other end face of the lower block, a slit space dimension of the slit between front end portions in a paint discharge direction of the lower block and the upper block in a discharge port serving as an open end to the outside is smallest on the one end face side and inc

Abstract: A heater for growing a thin film on substrates contained on a substrate support member includes a plurality of heater elements. The substrate support member containing the substrates is at least partially surrounded by the plurality of heater elements. At least two of the plurality of heater elements are moveable with respect to one another so as to provide external access to the substrate support member. An oxygen pocket is formed in one of the heater elements or a separate oxygen pocket member and is used for oxidation of the film on the substrates.

Abstract: A nonstick transport roller is provided, the roller having an outer surface defined by a thickness of nonstick material. A rope can optionally be wound around the outer surface of the roller to define an elevated support for engaging a major substrate surface. A vacuum deposition chamber for applying thin films onto substrates is also provided, the chamber having a cavity in which a controlled vacuous environment can be established, the chamber including a series of transport rollers, at least one of the transport rollers comprising a cylindrical tube having an outer surface defined by a thickness of nonstick material, optionally with a rope wound around the tube to define an elevated support for engaging a bottom major surface of a substrate.

Abstract: An apparatus (10) for determining the viability of an egg, which apparatus (10) comprises shielding means (12, 14), emitting means (30) and detecting means (32), the arrangement being such that, in use, the shielding means (12, 14) inhibits exposure of an egg to background infra-red radiation, said emitting means (30) can emit electromagnetic radiation at infra-red wavelength(s) to impinge on the egg, and the detecting means (32) are positioned to detect at least a part of said electromagnetic radiation that has passed through the egg, the apparatus further comprising means for processing an output signal of the detecting means to determine whether there is a cyclical variation in the intensity of the infra-red radiation leaving the egg corresponding to action of a heart, the existence of said cyclical variation indicating that the egg is viable.

Abstract: A system for preventing access by an unwanted animal is provided which includes a device having a cover, a motor, a sensor and a transmitter worn by the unwanted animal. Upon receiving the signal from the transmitter that the unwanted animal is in close proximity to the device, the sensor activates the motor in order to provide the cover in a closed condition that will prevent the unwanted animal from accessing the device. After the unwanted animal departs the area, the motor will activate in order to allow the cover to return to its open condition so that a wanted animal may have access to the device. The device may provide cues such as visual or audible cues that will train the unwanted animal not to approach the device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for accurately dispensing, monitoring, quantifying, and controlling liquids provided to one or more animals are disclosed. In some embodiments, a standalone apparatus having a local user interface is coupled to a liquid source and drinking assembly to monitor, quantify, and control the liquid consumption of one or more specific animals. In other embodiments, multiple standalone apparatuses are each coupled to a liquid source and a respective drinking assembly to monitor, quantify, and control the liquid consumed through the respective drinking assembly. In this scenario, each of the standalone apparatuses shares one or more common remote user interface panels. In yet another embodiment, standalone apparatuses are networked to other standalone apparatuses.

Abstract: Litter Box Exhaust System is a ventilated litter box container with an exhaust fan on top and a fragrance dispersion holder and/or container in the interior. To use the preferred embodiment of Litter Box Exhaust System, a user simply chooses a location for a litter box and places it in the container. A fragrance can is then placed in the holder and the fan is started. A user can turn off the fan using a power switch to conserve power whenever desired.

Abstract: A method including removing feline exudates from litter, washing and drying the litter, wherein the litter is agitated during drying thereof. Feline exudate apparatus is also described that includes a vessel for containing therein litter, apparatus for washing the litter; and apparatus for drying the litter, wherein the litter is agitated during drying thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides an animal grooming device including a front layer including a first material, wherein the front layer has a front layer perimetric edge, and a backing layer including a second material, wherein the backing layer has a backing layer perimetric edge, and wherein at least a portion of the backing layer perimetric edge is coupled to the front layer perimetric edge such that the front and backing layers define a bag-like space. The device also includes a device tip opposite the opening; and a hair collection mechanism coupled to the front layer, the hair collection mechanism including a section having a plurality of primary hooks, wherein each primary hook is unidirectional and has an orientation, a plurality of secondary hooks, wherein each secondary hook is bidirectional, and an anchoring layer to which the primary and secondary hooks are attached.

Abstract: Described herein are various apparatus and systems useful in sensory discrimination. Through the use of a multi-well sample plate, the high-throughput analysis apparatus and method allow for rapid sensory discrimination of a large number of samples.

Abstract: A portable animal containment device for confining an animal to a defined area. The portable animal containment device includes a flat and a correction unit. The flat is adapted to be portable and defines the area within which an animal is confined. The flat has an associated presence detector for detecting whether the animal is occupying the flat. When the presence detector indicates that the animal is not occupying the flat, a signal is transmitted to the correction unit by way of wireless communication. The correction unit is carried by the animal and administers a stimulus to the animal when the correction unit receives the signal from the transmitter. Consequently, when the animal moves beyond the boundary defined by the flat, it receives a stimulus, which encourages the animal to remain in the flat.

Abstract: A presence detector mat for monitoring the presence of an animal within a defined area. The presence detector mat includes a variable parallel-plate capacitor separated by an elastic spacer, and a sensing mechanism. An electrical power source is provided to establish an electrical charge differential to the variable parallel-plate capacitor. The sensing mechanism is capable of detecting changes in the capacitance of the variable parallel-plate capacitor and transmitting a signal based upon such change in capacitance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a veterinary medical lift device to treat animals. Specifically, this invention relates to a mobile veterinary preparation table with a sloping flange or an angled ramp that is height-adjustable and that allows a large degree of ease in relocating an animal to the top of the table. In another embodiment it may also relate to a fixed exam table which lowers close to the floor and which would have its height adjustable table situated such that it would be perpendicular to the wall.

Abstract: A child safety device tethers a child to an adult using an attachment mechanism about a torso of the child and an anchor for being carried by the adult which are joined by a tether. A first decorative item disguises the attachment mechanism and a second decorative item disguising the anchor. The anchor is selectively storable within a hollow interior of the second decorative item. The attachment mechanism comprises a harness which carries a reel for winding the tether thereon and which includes shoulder straps for extending over the shoulders of the child for adequately supporting the reel and first decorative item on the back of the child without obstructing the child's normal movement.

Abstract: In a device (1) for heating primary materials, in particular calcined petroleum cokes (5, 6) from which an anode (4) can be manufactured for dry electrolysis, comprising a mixing and forming unit (8) in which the primary materials (5, 6) can be formed into anodes (4) which are subsequently fired in an annular anode furnace (3), the thermal waste heat of the annular anode furnace (3) should be usable for heating up the primary materials (5, 6). This is achieved in that the primary materials (5, 6) can be heated in a heat exchanger (11) by means of flue gas drawn from the annular anode furnace (3) through a feed pipe (12), and that the petroleum coke fractions (5, 6) heated in this way can be input into the mixing and forming unit (8) for forming the unfired anode (4).

Abstract: A waste heat boiler includes an axial bypass pipe and multiple heat transfer pipes disposed within a cylindrical jacket. A hot exhaust gas stream transported between inlet and outlet ends of the heat transfer pipes is cooled by a coolant. A control system controls gas passage velocity and quantity of the exhaust gas stream through the bypass pipe whereby the exhaust gas stream exhaust temperature is maintained within a predetermined temperature range. The control system includes a stopper disposed at the outlet end of the bypass pipe and has a head plate extending into the outlet end of the bypass pipe. The stopper is axially displaceable from a closed position, where an outer surface of the stopper head plate contacts an inner surface of the bypass pipe outlet end. The gas passage formed between the inner surface of the bypass pipe outlet end and the outer surface of the stopper head plate has a cross-section that increases as the stopper is axially displaced from the closed position.

Abstract: A water heater is shown having a closed metal tank with an upwardly mounted combustion chamber and burner/blower assembly. Curved fire tubes convey the products of combustion from the chamber to an exterior mounted flue assembly. The closed tank is enclosed by a rotomolded jacket. A support stand with vertically arranged support legs supports the tank in a normally vertical position but also allows the tank to be pivoted to a horizontal position on the support stand for maintenance or repair operations.

Abstract: A convection oven with laminar airflow and/or moisture injection. A radial airflow fan is used to provide a circulating airflow that is substantially even and substantially turbulence free. The circulating airflow is provided to an oven chamber via a plurality of egress ports that rim a divider wall disposed between the oven chamber and a fan chamber. The airflow interleaves with a plurality of pans in the oven chamber to provide a laminar airflow. Moisture is injected into the circulating airflow either upstream of the fan or by flashing water onto the hot blades of the fan from either the low pressure side or the high pressure side of the fan.

Abstract: A 4-cycle, 4-cylinder internal combustion engine which comprises a hollow cylindrical engine casing with only three moving parts, a single rotary piston wall and two rotatable valve cylinders. A hollow cylindrical motor casing is divided in half vertically by an internal dividing wall. A single oil-cooled rotary piston wall is pivotally attached to the center of the internal dividing wall to create four variable size cylinders as the rotary piston wall pivots back and forth with the firing of the four spark plugs each firing into one of the four cylinders.

Abstract: A system and method is provided to reduce the occurrence of engine knock for engines that utilize a dual-fuel fumigation system. Typically, dual fuel systems inject a gaseous-fuel flow into the air intake stream of a diesel engine. This results in more complete combustion within the engine as well as reduced diesel fuel usage. Such dual fuel systems are susceptible to engine knocking due to premature detonation of the gaseous fuel air intake mixture that is often caused by sudden changes to the operating conditions of the engine. The present system utilizes a knock sensor to identify early stages of such engine knocking. To eliminate such engine knocking conditions, the system temporarily interrupts the gaseous fuel flow to resume operation in full diesel mode. The gaseous fuel flow is then reestablished based on the present operating conditions of the engine.

Abstract: A method for selecting compression ratio of a variable compression ratio internal combustion engine when such engine is operating under an idle condition is disclosed. The compression ratio is selected to avoid engine knock, an undesirable phenomenon which is more likely at higher temperatures, higher compression ratios, lower engine speeds, and higher engine torques. The selected compression ratio is based on one or more of engine torque required to drive engine accessories, engine coolant temperature, engine air temperature, and transmission status (neutral idle or drive idle). A normalized airflow parameter is computed or found in a lookup table based on engine coolant temperature and engine air temperature. When actual normalized airflow (that which provides necessary engine torque to drive engine accessories and overcome engine friction) exceeds normalized airflow parameter exceeds, a higher compression ratio is selected.

Abstract: A two-stroke internal combustion engine having a seal assembly disposed between a piston and a running surface. The seal both lubricates and prevents exhaust of combustion gases. A first element, which ensures gas tightness, is received in a countersunk portion of the running surface. A second element, which ensures oil tightness, is partially embedded into the first element. A biasing element presses the second element against the first element so that the second and third elements are at least partially held within the first element.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for lubricating a two stroke cycle fuel injected internal combustion engine of petroil type. A port or manifold injection system and a direct injection system form part of the engine. Fuel and oil are pre-mixed and supplied to the port or manifold injection system for a port or manifold injector to deliver lubricant to the crankcase of the engine. The method allows lubrication of engine components in accordance with engine operating conditions.

Abstract: A two-stroke cycle engine using a preceding air-layer for scavenging and having a scavenger passage connected to a branching scavenger passage opened to a scavenging port and a connecting passage linking the air and fuel passages so that negative pressure in the air passage forces the fuel-air mixture in the fuel passage into the air passage. The engine also has a removable guide with a surface forming a curved smooth channel which is attachable to the scavenger passage in the crankcase from the mounting surface, and forms a portion of the scavenger passage with the curved channel. The blow-up angle of the scavenger passage varies along the circumference of the cylinder, and the crankcase is configured such that the front and rear portions are separated by a block, and a scavenger passage is provided inside both said front and rear portions of the crankcase and cylinder.

Abstract: A stroke-variable engine includes a pivot shaft which is rotatably supported in a crankcase so as to be rotatable about an eccentric axis parallel to a crankshaft and which is connected to a control rod so that a rotational power reduced at a reduction ratio of 1/2 is transmitted from the crankshaft to the pivot shaft. A cam shaft of a valve-operating mechanism mounted at an upper portion of an engine body and the pivot shaft are operatively connected to each other. Thus, it is possible to decrease the number of parts of the valve-operating mechanism, increase a rotational speed, and further reduce mechanical noise.

Abstract: Systems and methods for hydraulic and/or variable valve actuation of engine valves are disclosed. An embodiment of the present invention may include a hydraulic valve actuation system operatively connected to an engine valve. First and second control valves may be operatively connected to the hydraulic valve actuation system and adapted to selectively release hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic valve actuation system independent of one another. The first control valve is preferably a solenoid actuated trigger valve and the second control valve is preferably a mechanically or hydraulically actuated valve.

Abstract: A valve train includes a primary rocker arm 50 which is oscillated about a primary oscillating center line L4 by an inlet cam 21, a secondary rocker arm 60 which transmits a valve drive force F1 to an inlet valve 14 and oscillates about a secondary oscillating center line L5, and a holder 30 which supports the primary and secondary rocker arms 50, 60 in such a manner that the primary and secondary oscillating center lines L4, L5 rotate together therewith. As the holder 30 approaches an oscillating position where a valve operating property is obtained where a maximum lift amount becomes maximum, an abutment position P1 where a cam lobe portion 21b abuts with a roller 53 of the primary rocker arm 50 approaches a specific straight line L10 which passes through a holder oscillating center line L3 and a rotational center line L2 of the inlet cam 21.

Abstract: An electromechanical VVA system for controlling the poppet valves in the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine. The system varies valve lift, duration, and phasing in a dependent manner for one or more banks of engine valves. A rocker subassembly for each valve or valve pair is pivotably disposed on a control shaft between the camshaft and the roller finger follower. The control shaft may be displaced about a pivot axis outside the control shaft to change the angular relationship of the rocker subassembly to the camshaft, thus changing the valve opening, closing, and lift. A plurality of control shafts for controlling all valvetrains in an engine bank defines a control shaft assembly. The angular positions of the individual control shafts may be tuned to optimize the valve timing of each cylinder. The system is applicable to the intake and exhaust camshafts of diesel and gasoline engines.

Abstract: An electromechanical VVA system for controlling the poppet valves in the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine. The system varies valve lift, duration, and phasing in a dependent manner for one or more banks of engine valves. A rocker subassembly for each valve is pivotably disposed in roller bearings on a rocker pivot shaft between the camshaft and a roller follower. A control shaft supports the rocker pivot shaft for controlling a plurality of rocker subassemblies mounted in roller bearings for a plurality of engine cylinders. The control shaft rotates about its axis to displace the rocker pivot shaft and change the angular relationship of the rocker subassembly to the camshaft, thus changing the valve opening, closing, lift and duration. An actuator attached to the control shaft includes a worm gear drive for positively rotating the control shaft.

Abstract: A method for adjustment of the relative angle of rotation between a camshaft and a crankshaft in an internal combustion engine through an electromechanical phase adjuster is provided. The invention provides a rapid and precise adjustment behavior. To that end, a deviation of the adjustment speed (??) between a desired adjustment speed (?SOLL) and an actual adjustment speed (?IST) is calculated from at least one measurement parameter in a second control loop cascaded below the first control loop. An output parameter is calculated dependent on the deviation of the adjustment speed (??) through an adjustment speed adjuster (26) cascaded below the angle of rotation adjuster (23), with the output parameter being used to adjust the angle of rotation (?) using an electromechanical actuator (14). The relative angle of rotation can be rapidly and precisely adjusted by adjusting the adjustment speed. A phase adjuster for controlling the relative angle of rotation is also provided.

Abstract: In the case where an intake valve has its phase in a first region between a most retarded angle and CA(1), the rotational speed of relative rotation between an output shaft of an electric motor and a sprocket is reduced at a reduction gear ratio R(1) to change the phase of the intake valve. In the case where the intake valve has its phase in a second region between CA(2) and a most advanced angle, the rotational speed of relative rotation is reduced at a reduction gear ratio R(2) to change the phase of the intake valve. As long as the rotational direction of relative rotation is the same, the phase of the intake valve is changed in the same direction for both of the first region between the most retarded angle and CA(1) and the second region between CA(2) and the most advanced angle.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is provided with a roughly concave cylinder head, wherein a ridge descends into the combustion chamber. A first wall is formed from the ridge to a cylinder periphery to form a seat for an air intake valve. A second wall is formed from the ridge to the opposite cylinder periphery to form a seat for one or more exhaust valves. The valves must criss-cross to open/close. The result is a more efficient flow of intake air and exhaust air to and from the combustion chamber which creates more horsepower. A plug compatible cylinder head can be installed on an engine to get added horsepower without a supercharger.

Abstract: A tappet comprises a foot having a convex cam contact surface and an axially extending hub, a tappet body having a lower body portion with a lower axial bore formed therein to receive the axially extended hub of the foot, and hydrocushions of oil between the foot, a thrust washer, and the lower portion of the tappet body. The cam contact surface operates in a frictional relationship with a cam lobe and the cam contact surface of the foot induces the foot to rotate about the centerline of the tappet. The hydrocushions of oil on each side of the thrust washer operate to reduce friction as the foot independently rotates axially about a centerline of the tappet body.

Abstract: An ignition apparatus includes a high voltage (HV) terminal to which a high voltage end of the secondary winding is attached. The ignition apparatus further includes an electrically conductive cup configured to surround the high voltage terminal when the secondary winding spool is inserted in the case. The high voltage terminal has one end that comes into engagement with an inner annular surface of the cup. Electromagnetic interference suppression is provided by a resistor disposed between the cup and a high voltage connector assembly that connects to a spark plug. The resistor is formed of electrically conductive plastic material.

Abstract: A controlled slow down apparatus and method for use in the event that a light-duty combustion engine has entered a state of excessive speeds or auto-ignition. The controlled slow down method is preferably initiated when the engine speed exceeds an activation speed for a predetermined number of engine revolutions. Once initiated, the controlled slow down method uses a combination of ignition timing and spark ratio manipulations in order to disrupt the auto-ignition conditions and slow down the engine in a controlled manner. Preferably, the controlled slow down method is only one part of an overall ignition control method, and can be incorporated within or utilized by one of a number of different ignition timing methods known in the art.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gasoline internal combustion engine with controlled ignition, comprising at least one cylinder (1), a cylinder head (2), scaling the cylinder (1), a piston (3), a combustion chamber (4), a gasoline injection means (5), an ignition means (6), for production of an ignition of the air/gasoline mixture in the combustion chamber, inlet (7) and exhaust (8) valves, selectively sealing the combustion chamber (4), an injection pump (8), for supplying the injector (5) with gasoline under pressure, wherein the pressure of the gasoline, provided to the injector (5), exceeds 250 bars and in at least in one operating range, the amount of gasoline delivered by the pump (8) to the injector (5) for one combustion cycle is divided into a number of partial and distinct injections with at least one partial injections delivered before ignition and at least one after.

Abstract: A fuel injection system includes (i) an injector for injecting gaseous fuel and liquid fuel into a cylinder of an internal combustion engine, (ii) a gaseous fuel supplying unit having a gaseous feel tank as a first high-pressure accumulating source for pressurizing gaseous fuel, (iii) a liquid fuel supplying unit having a common rail as a second high-pressure accumulating source for pressurizing liquid fuel; (iv) a fuel pump as a pressure feeding unit that pressure feeds liquid fuel to the common rail; and (v) a compressor as a pressure increasing unit, which is operated under pressure of the pressurized gaseous fuel to increase pressure of liquid fuel pressure fed from the fuel pump.

Abstract: A method is provided for controlling an engine having an intake manifold and an outlet control device coupled to the manifold for controlling flow exiting the manifold and entering at least one cylinder of the engine. The engine further includes an inlet control device for controlling flow entering the manifold. The method includes providing an engine command; calculating a desired cylinder charge based on said command; and adjusting the outlet control device to provide said desired cylinder charge. The engine command may be, for example, a driver command, such as a driver torque command. Further, the outlet control device may be implemented in with a variety of mechanisms. For example, in one embodiment the outlet control device is a valve of the engine having a variable lift. In one embodiment the outlet device is a valve having variable timing. Likewise, the inlet device may be adjusted in response to a variety of parameters.

Abstract: In a throttle control apparatus, one end of a throttle valve shaft supported rotatably on a throttle body is protruded from one side outer wall of the throttle body, the throttle lever mechanism comprising a drive lever, a link lever and a throttle lever is attached to the one end, and is surrounded by a lever accommodation wall formed on the one side outer wall, a cover closes an outer opening portion of the lever accommodation wall, and an opening sensor is mounted on the cover and engaged to the one end, whereby throttle body assembling workability and throttle valve shaft machining workability are improved, and the throttle control apparatus advantageous for a motorcycle can be provided.

Abstract: In an engine of a working machine having no governor mechanism, the engine revolution speed is controlled such that the revolution speed can stably be maintained irrespective of the variation in load without adjusting the throttle opening to exploit the full potential of the engine. Since an engine 1 does not have the governor mechanism, an operator adjusts the throttle opening and controls the engine revolution speed. A map in which ignition timing (amount of angle of lead) is set by means of functions of the engine revolution speed is stored in an ignition timing map 30. The map 30 is set such that the engine revolution speed is equal to or higher than a value to be controlled (e.g. 7000 rpm), and the ignition timing is lagged as compared with a case in which the engine revolution speed is lower than the value to be controlled.

Abstract: An outboard motor has an internal combustion engine with a carburetor. The carburetor is designed to extend maintenance interval greatly by preventing or suppressing the deposition of solid matters in the gap between the intake passage and a butterfly-type throttle valve therein. The throttle valve is divided, by a valve axis about which the throttle valve turns, into a first valve part that turns from the downstream side to the upstream side with respect to an air intake direction when the fully closed throttle valve is opened and a second valve part that turns from the upstream side to the downstream side with respect to the air intake direction when the fully closed throttle valve is opened. The first valve part has an edge that moves to the upstream side past bypass ports when the fully closed throttle valve is opened, and the second valve part is provided with a through hole that allows air to flow therethrough at a flow rate necessary for idling when the throttle valve is fully closed.