Abstract: A fluorescent light fixture has an extrusion with opposite extrusion ends, a lens hinged to a front side of the extrusion to provide a lamp compartment containing a lamp tube between lamp sockets mounted to the extrusion ends, a rear cover retained to the rear side of the extrusion to provide a wiring compartment containing a lamp ballast, and end caps on the extrusion ends for closing opposite ends of the wiring compartment and lamp enclosure. The extrusion is generally T-shaped with a horizontal top and a vertical partition, the lens on one side of the partition and the cover on the opposite side of the partition. The lens is hinged to the extrusion by a hinge formed integrally with the lens and the extrusion.

Abstract: An optical system and a projection system incorporating same are disclosed. The optical system includes a light source that is capable of emitting light. The emitted light includes one or more substantially collimated discrete light beams. The optical system further includes a lenslet array for receiving and transmitting the emitted light. Each discrete light beam in the emitted light has an intensity full width at half maximum (FWHM) at the lenslet array that covers at least a portion of a plurality of lenslets in the lenslet array. The optical system further includes an optical element for receiving the transmitted light from an input face of the optical element. The optical element homogenizes the received light and transmits the homogenized light from an output face of the optical element.

Abstract: A system and method of cooling a bulb of a type that requires cooling in one part, but not in others. A deflector assembly is coupled through a reflector, to the bulb, to cool only one part.

Abstract: An electric lamp comprises a lamp base and an envelope having a common axis, a support member having a fixing gap around the common axis, and an elastic shade of substantially conical shape. The shade has a first end portion inserted in the fixing gap and a second end portion remote from the lamp base. The diameter of the first end portion taken perpendicularly to said axis is smaller than the diameter of the second end portion, and the elastic shade is made of heat resistant plastic foil.

Abstract: A decorative article capable of being used in combination with an article having a light source and of remarkably improving the decorative effect together with the light source. The decorative article is attached to an article having a light source, and comprises, at least, an appearance-providing layer defining an appearance of the decorative article, and a light-storage layer which is disposed under the appearance-providing layer and is able to store the light from the light source and generate afterglow.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the invention, a candle emulation device comprises a light source, a light source controller and an optional fragrance-release mechanism. The light source controller is coupled to the light source and is adapted to control the light source in order to produce a lighting effect that emulates lighting from a candle flame. The fragrance-release mechanism is adapted to release a fragrance into air surrounding the candle emulation device.

Abstract: A clip-on light apparatus is provided having a polyaxial coupling joint between a light module and frame to permit the light module to be pivoted about a plurality of axes relative to the frame for directing light in a plurality of directions. The polyaxial coupling joint preferably permits pivoting of the light module about at least two orthogonal axes. In one form, the light module is mounted to a pivot shaft about which the module can be turned with the pivot shaft itself being pivoted along one of the two orthogonal pivot axes.

Abstract: A vehicle light can include a light source, a reflector configured to reflect light emitted from the light source in an irradiation direction of a vehicle on which the vehicle light is mounted, and a diffusion plate for diffusion of light and which can irradiate light in the irradiation direction. In this configuration, the diffusion plate can be configured such that light emitted from the light source and light reflected by the reflector enter the diffusion plate and pass therethrough while being refracted. The light is emitted from the diffusion plate in the irradiation direction while being diffused. At the same time, light which is incident on the diffusion plate and is reflected by the diffusion plate is diffused and irradiated in the irradiation direction of the vehicle light. The end portion of the diffusion plate can be bent or curved so as to diffuse the light reflected by the diffusion plate.

Abstract: A headlamp assembly for a motor vehicle. The headlamp assembly includes a lens and a housing cooperating to at least partially define an inner chamber that is generally fluidly isolated from the atmosphere. Mounted within the inner chamber is a one piece reflector having a reflective portion and a heat sink portion. The reflective portion reflects light from a light source forward through the lens, while the heat sink portion conducts heat from the reflective portion and dissipates the heat from the assembly.

Abstract: A vehicle lamp has a light source and a lens that is arranged on a front side of the light source. The lens deflects and irradiates light from the light source toward a front side of the vehicle lamp. A front side surface of the lens includes a first freely formed curve surface, and an irradiation angle, with respect to the optical axis, of the light to be irradiated from the front side surface is set as a target irradiation angle at each point of the front side surface. A rear side surface of the lens includes a second freely formed curve surface formed by continuous surface elements, each having an inclination angle that realizes a light irradiation by the target irradiation angle set at respective points of the front side surface.

Abstract: A vehicle headlight has a motor operated adjustable mounting for adjusting the beam of light in a plane. The adjustment device includes an ear on the headlight with an axially extendable arm, the extension of which is driven by an electric motor. Rotation of the motor causes motorized adjustment of the beam. The motor is slideably mounted in a retainer for movement parallel to the extendable arm. A manually adjustable screw adjusts the position of the motor along the slide to permit manual alignment of the headlight beam.

Abstract: A vehicle light can be configured to reduce the difference between the cut-off line of the actual light distribution pattern and the cut-off line of the designed light distribution pattern. The vehicle light can include a light source, first reflectors configured to reflect light from the light source, corresponding second reflectors configured to reflect light from the respective first reflectors, and a support member configured to support the light source. The support member and the first reflectors can be separately formed. Furthermore, edge portions configured to form cut-off lines in the light distribution pattern by the second reflectors can be provided in the support member instead of in the first reflectors.

Abstract: A vehicle lamp can include LEDs configured to be a light source of the lamp, where the LEDs can be controlled to be turned on in part or in whole for a predetermined period and in a configuration that is different from the originally intended display purpose configuration of the lamp. The configuration can be controlled to be different when the vehicle is stopped and when a driver (or other person) initiates a predetermined operation on the vehicle. Contents such as color and pattern that are displayed by the LEDs on this occasion can be different from the contents associated with the original display purpose configuration of the vehicle lamp, resulting in an additional new display function, and new design.

Abstract: A headlamp assembly for a motor vehicle having a light source, a chamber that receives the light source and a cooling channel for removing heat from the chamber. A conductive wall and an insulating wall cooperate to define the chamber and the channel. The conductive wall has a substantially higher thermal conductivity than the insulating wall to promote the heat exchange between the chamber and the cooling channel and to reduce heat exchange between the cooling channel and the relatively hot engine compartment.

Abstract: A projection lighting apparatus is disclosed for marking and demarcation applications in airports, waterways, and industrial environments. The lighting apparatus comprises a plurality of high intensity LEDs with their output coupled to the input ends of a plurality of optical fibers. The output ends of the optical fibers are packaged to form a desired illumination pattern. The illumination pattern is projected onto the target surface through a secondary optical system for marking and demarcation enhancement.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a rotary structure that comprises a base and a hood, and the hood includes a multicolored pervious board surrounding the hood, and the multicolored pervious board includes a plurality of different shaped color areas, and the base includes a driver and a light emitting member, and the driver can drive the hood to rotate on the base, and the light emitting member can project its light source onto the multicolored pervious board. Therefore, when the driver drives the hood, the light emitting member projects its light source to each color area, so that the multicolored pervious board projects lights of different colors, and the way of installing the light emitting member can be changed to reduce the overall volume of the rotary structure.

Abstract: A light guiding plate capable of minimizing a thickness of a backlight assembly and an LCD device, a backlight assembly and an LCD device having the same are provided. The light guiding plate has a light incident surface, a light reflection surface having a plurality of dots for diffusing and reflecting the light emitted from the light incident surface and a light output surface having a predetermined roughness and further diffusing the light diffused and reflected by the light reflection surface. Thus, a conventional diffusion sheet disposed above the light guiding plate may be removed.

Abstract: An LED backlight device is provided. A light guide plate has opposing edges of a width direction at a side thereof extended into a pair of opposing walls and a recess formed therebetween. A light emitting diode (LED) light source is accommodated in the recess to project light into the light guide plate. In this fashion, the light guide plate has the recess formed at one side of the light guide plate to seat the LED package therein. This minimizes loss of light incident from the LED package into the light guide plate and allows the LED package to be aligned securely with the light guide plate.

Abstract: An illumination system including a light source, light guides coupled to the light source, each including an input surface and an output surface, emissive material positioned to receive light from at least one light guide, and an interference reflector positioned such that the emissive material is between the output surfaces of the light guides and the interference reflector is disclosed. The light source emits light having a first optical characteristic. The emissive material emits light having a second optical characteristic when illuminated with light having the first optical characteristic. The interference reflector substantially transmits light having the second optical characteristic and substantially reflects light having the first optical characteristic.

Abstract: An exemplary backlight module (10) includes a light guide plate (12) and an illuminator (14). The light guide plate includes a main body (120), and an end portion (121) outwardly flaring from the main body. The end portion includes a light incident surface (126). The illuminator is located adjacent to the light incident surface, and a horizontal central planar axis (142) of the illuminator and a horizontal central planar axis (127) of the light guide plate being in a same plane.

Abstract: A surface emitting device is provided. The surface emitting device includes a plurality of light sources; at least one light guide member; and a plurality of prisms that are disposed on the main surfaces of the light guide member corresponding to the light sources that are formed by convex-concave portions and change the optical path of light from the light sources toward the display surface. The surface emitting device is operable to display only light from the prism corresponding to a turned-on light source.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a lighting system having a reflector, light sources and a light control member sequentially disposed from a light incident side to a light outgoing side. Preferably used for large displays requiring high uniformity, this invention eliminates lamp image and removes the necessity to do light source repositioning, while enabling luminance in the exit plane to achieve excellent luminosity and uniformity. This invention achieves total light transmittance of more that 50% when light is incident at a predetermined angle ? from the normal direction of the incident plane and achieves 1.05-3 times more total light transmittance than when the light is from a direction normal to the incident plane. This is achieved by the light control member by controlling the ration between total light transmittance in the positions of greater transmittance and the total transmittance in the positions of lesser transmittance.

Abstract: A light guide member, a surface light emitting, and a light emitting sensor device are provided. The light guide member comprises an end face that receives light from a light source. A pair of main surfaces are opposed to each other. An optical path changing device is disposed on one of the main surfaces. A projection portion extends by a predetermined length from the light guide portion toward the outside of the light guide member.

Abstract: A light guide plate (2) includes a light incident surface (205), a bottom surface (201) adjoining the light incident surface, and a light emitting surface (203) opposite to the bottom surface. The bottom surface has a plurality of first V-shaped grooves (2013) defined therein along a plurality of concentric arcs. The light emitting surface has a plurality of second V-shaped grooves (2031) defined therein in parallel with each other.

Abstract: An edge-type backlight module includes a light source and a light guide plate having a lateral side. The light source is installed on the lateral side of the light guide plate. The light guide plate includes a first and a second prism structure for scattering the light emitting out of the light guide plate. The first prism structure includes a first light exit plane and a second light exit plane. A first angle is formed between the first light exit plane and the second light exit plane. The second prism structure includes a third light exit plane and a fourth light exit plane. A second angle is formed between the third light exit plane and the fourth light exit plane. The first angle is different from the second angle.

Abstract: A frame structure for backlight modules is provided herein. A backlight module according to the present invention mainly contains a frame structure, a reflection plate, a light guide plate, optical films, and a light source unit. The frame structure contains a plate member and a frame member. There are a number of hook elements and clasp elements configured at corresponding locations along the edges of the plate member and the frame member respectively. Also along the edges of the plate member and frame member, there are a number of grooves and stopping blades configured at corresponding locations on the plate member and frame member respectively. When the frame member is joined to the plate member, their corresponding clasp elements and hook elements would interact to fixedly join together, and the stopping blades would stick into the corresponding grooves to prevent the frame member from deformation and escape under heavy pressure or strong impact.

Abstract: A direct type backlight module includes a frame, at least an optical sheet, and at least a light guide source. The frame includes a plurality of peripheral sidewalls, at least one holding portion defined in a top of the sidewalls, and an elastic member defined in the holding portion. The optical sheet having a positioning hole corresponding to the elastic member is fixed in the frame by the elastic member being mounted into the positioning hole thereby pushing an inner surface of the positioning hole towards an outer area of the optical sheet. The light source is disposed under the optical sheet. The optical sheet may be fixed on the frame tightly, and may avoid being deformed effectively due to a stretching force produced by the elastic member.

Abstract: Disclosed are a backlight assembly and an LCD apparatus that includes the backlight assembly. A first receiving container has at least two members that can be combined into a frame and receive a plurality of lamps and a light diffusing member. A receiving container may be fabricated using the two or more members. Even though the size of the frame made of the members is small relative to the LCD apparatus, the receiving container can be used with the LCD apparatus. Accordingly, manufacturing processes of the LCD apparatus may be simplified and cost of production may be reduced.

Abstract: A lamp fixing member includes a body portion, a lamp fixing portion and an upper supporting plate. The lamp fixing portion is disposed on the upper surface of the body portion and has a groove for fixing a lamp. The upper supporting plate is combined with the lamp fixing portion and fixes an upper portion of the lamp. The lamp fixing portion includes a combining portion for being combined with the upper supporting plate. The supporting plate and lamp fixing portion may be formed of a silicone material. Therefore, the efficiency of lamp assembly is enhanced by automated assembly process and a display quality is enhanced by reducing temperature deviation in the lamp fixing portion. The lamp fixing portion may further include a lower supporting plate combined with the lamp fixing portion to fix a lower portion of the lamp.

Abstract: A DC clip lamp comprises a lamp assembly and a transformer. The lamp assembly includes a lampstand and a LED light bulb, a power line is connected to the bottom of the clip lamp, a controlling member is connected to the end of the power line which includes a power socket and a switch. The transformer is connected with a power line, one end of the power line is formed with a plug which is inserted in the power socket of the controlling member. Therefore, alternating current (AC) will be changed into direct current (DC) by the transformer, and the LED light bulb will be controlled by the controlling member.

Abstract: A device and a method are provided for equalizing the charge of the capacitors belonging to a double layer capacitor. The device includes an individual transformer associated with each individual capacitor and a flyback transformer or a spool, from which the energy is transferred, via the individual transformers, to the individual transformer, by the respective low charge. Conclusions on the state of the double layer capacitor and the charge-equalizing switch are derived from the measured charging time and discharging time of the flyback transformer.

Abstract: The invention discloses a switching power supply capable of reducing a low-frequency secondary-side common-mode voltage. The power supply mainly has two common-mode filtering circuit devices to prevent an AC voltage and an AC current from coupling to a secondary side of a transformer. Thus, the electrical safety and the quality in use of the associated electronic apparatus can be enhanced, a potential difference between the electronic apparatus and the ground may be greatly reduced, and an AC hum of a speaker coupled to an output of the power supply may be reduced or even eliminated.

Abstract: A power supply capable of making soft start efficiently. A power supply (10) is such that the time lag from the soft start trigger representing the start of soft start control to the actual soft start can be decreased by offsetting the potential of a soft start signal from the ground potential. The offset is slightly lower than the minimum potential of a triangular signal. The highest potential level of the soft start signal is preferably lower than the power supply potential.

Abstract: In a power supply apparatus including a charge-pump type step-up circuit adapted to carry out a stand-by operation to charge a step-up capacitor by a power supply voltage, and carry out a step-up operation to step up a charged voltage of the step-up capacitor and discharge a stepped-up charged voltage of the step-up capacitor to a smoothing capacitor, the step-up operation is controlled by a clock signal and an AND logic signal between the clock signal and a negative feedback control signal of an output voltage of the charge-pump type step-up circuit. The negative feedback control signal is a pulse width modulation signal so that a frequency of the AND logic signal is always the same as that of the clock signal.

Abstract: A DC-AC inverter has an adjustment device for adjusting wave shape of output thereof includes a feedback circuit, and a zero-crossing detector; the feedback circuit will detect and measure output voltage of the inverter, and feedback-control the inverter to make the inverter output a demanded stable fixed voltage, thus preventing the output voltage of the inverter from changing owing to an input voltage and the loading effect caused by electric appliances connected thereto; the zero-crossing detector is used to detect and measure the frequency and wave shape of the output of the DC-AC inverter therefore the DC-AC inverter can be further connected in parallel to another DC-AC inverter or an utility grid when the feedback circuit is used to feedback-control the inverter for the inverter to provide a demanded stable fixed voltage output.

Abstract: A memory system includes a nonvolatile semiconductor memory and a controller. The controller controls the nonvolatile semiconductor memory. The controller selects whether to use the nonvolatile semiconductor memory in a first read mode or in a second read mode having shorter access intervals than the first read mode.

Abstract: A method for constructing and addressing a nanoscale memory with known addresses and for tolerating defects which may arise during manufacture or device operational lifetime. During construction, nanoscale wires with addresses are stochastically assembled. During a programming phase, nanoscale wires are stochastically selected using their stochastic addresses through microscale inputs and a desired address code is associated with the selected nanoscale wires. Memory addresses are associated to the codes and then selected using the known codes during read/write operations from/to the memory.

Abstract: Non-volatile data memory cards, flash drives and other memory devices are customized by manufacturing core memory units all the same and then covering them by outer skins which may be made to have different appearances and/or tactile characteristics. The skins are slid over the core memory units by hand from one end. End users of such memory devices may then select how they will look and feel by separately purchasing covers. Sellers of such memory devices may more easily control how their products look and feel.

Abstract: The invention comprises data processing systems and components thereof. Such systems may include a memory controller, a plurality of memory devices, a data bus coupling the memory controller with the plurality of memory devices, and at least one bus switch located in the data bus between the memory controller and one of the plurality of memory devices. Memory integrated circuits and memory modules including at least one switch in the data bus are also provided.

Abstract: An autonomous antifuse cell providing protection against intruders includes an antifuse, sense circuitry, feedback circuitry, program circuitry, and blocking circuitry. The blocking circuitry blocks access of any programming voltage input signals to the antifuse device if the antifuse is previously blown and when power is applied to the cell. In an exemplary embodiment, the antifuse cell uses only a single external access pin. Once the antifuse device is blown and during subsequent power-up operations, intrusion is prevented.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the invention, a fuse circuit includes: a pair of fuses; and a comparator circuit connected with nodes on one end side of the fuses through separating switches. The nodes on one end side of the pair of fuses are further connected with a ground terminal through blow switches. The other ends of the pair of fuses are connected with, for example, a power supply potential. Each blow switch is turned ON at the time of blowing the pair of fuses to supply a current to the pair of fuses. Each separating switch separates the comparator circuit from the nodes on one end side at the time of blowing the pair of fuses. One of the pair of fuses is certainly blown upon programming.

Abstract: Random access memory including nanotube switching elements. A memory cell includes first and second nanotube switching elements and an electronic memory. Each nanotube switching element includes an output node, a nanotube channel element having at least one electrically conductive nanotube, and a control structure having a set electrode and a release electrode disposed in relation to the nanotube channel element to controllably form and unform an electrically conductive channel between said channel electrode and said output node. The electronic memory has cross-coupled first and second inverters. The input node of the first inverter is coupled to the set electrode of the first nanotube switching element and to the output node of the second nanotube switching element. The input node of the of the second inverter is coupled to the set electrode of the second nanotube switching element and to the output node of the first nanotube switching element; and the channel electrode is coupled to a channel voltage line.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes a plurality of word lines, first and second bit lines, a plurality of memory cells which are connected to the first and second bit lines, a differential amplifier which is connected to one end of the first bit line and one end of the second bit line, a reference-current generating circuit which is connected to the other end of the second bit line and which generates a reference-current smaller than the cell current of the memory cells, and a dummy word line which is connected to the reference-current generating circuit, to activate the reference-current generating circuit in order to read data.

Abstract: A memory cell for reducing soft error rate and the method for forming same are disclosed. The memory cell comprises a first bit line signal (BL), a second bit line signal complementary to the first bit line signal (BLB), a first pass gate coupled to the BL, a second pass gate coupled to the BLB, a first inverter whose output node receives the BL through the first pass gate, a second inverter whose output node receives the BLB through the second pass gate, a first instrument coupled between the output node of the first inverter and an input node of the second inverter, and a second instrument coupled between the output node of the second inverter and an input node of the first inverter, wherein the first and second instruments increase voltage discharge time of the memory cell when voltages at the output nodes of the inverters accidentally discharge.

Abstract: A memory device according to the present invention includes a memory cell array including a plurality of memory cells arranged therein, the memory cell array being divided into a plurality of regions each selectable independently of the others as an object for data writing, and further includes a plurality of current supply sections provided correspondingly to the plurality of regions, respectively. Each of the plurality of current supply sections, when a corresponding region of the plurality of regions is selected as an object for data writing, is activated to supply a data write current to the corresponding region and each of the plurality of regions includes a plurality of write select lines provided correspondingly to predetermined units of the plurality of memory cells. The plurality of write select lines are selectively supplied with the data write current from a corresponding one of the plurality of current supply sections.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes a memory cell array which includes a plurality of unit memory cells, where each of the unit memory cells comprises complementary first and second floating body transistor capacitor-less memory cells. A logic value written into and read from each unit memory cell is defined by a difference in threshold voltage states of the first and second floating body transistor capacitorless memory cells.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory capable of acting at each 1 bit and having a high integration density. A small-sized semiconductor device of multiple high functions having such nonvolatile memory. The nonvolatile memory is constructed to have a memory cell composed of two memory transistors so that it can realize a memory capacity of two times as large for a memory area as that of the full-function EEPROM of the prior art, in which the memory cell is composed of one memory transistor and one selection transistor, while retaining functions similar to those of the EEPROM. On the other hand, the small-sized semiconductor device of high functions or multiple functions is realized by forming the nonvolatile memory of the invention integrally with another semiconductor part over a substrate having an insulating surface.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for reducing or removing a form of read disturb in a non-volatile storage device. One embodiment seeks to prevent read disturb by eliminating or minimizing boosting of the channel of the memory elements. For example, one implementation prevents or reduces boosting of the source side of the NAND string channel during a read process. Because the source side of the NAND string channel is not boosted, at least one form of read disturb is minimized or does not occur.

Abstract: A memory cell array has a unit formed from one memory cell and two select transistors sandwiching the memory cell. One block has one control gate line. Memory cells connected to one control gate line form one page. A sense amplifier having a latch function is connected to a bit line. In a data change operation, data of memory cells of one page are read to the sense amplifiers. After data are superscribed on data in the sense amplifiers, and a page erase is performed, data in the sense amplifiers are programmed in the memory cells of one page. Superscription of data in the sense amplifiers allows a data change operation for byte data or page data.

Abstract: A non-volatile memory package includes a non-volatile memory array having a plurality of transistors that are electrically coupled in series, each of the transistors having an input terminal and an output terminal such that the output terminal of one of the transistors is coupled to the input terminal of a next transistor in a downstream direction. A read voltage supply supplies a voltage to the input terminal of a selected transistor of the plurality of transistors, to induce a cell current between the input terminal and the output terminal of the selected transistor. A bit sensor receives and evaluates a read current from the output terminal of the selected transistor. A shielding voltage applicator applies a voltage to the input terminal or the output terminal of a downstream transistor of the plurality of transistors, the downstream transistor being in the downstream direction from the selected transistor.