Abstract: An exemplary thermal shock tester including a main body (11) and a temperature adjuster, the main body including a lid (112) and defining a test area (114); the temperature adjuster including a heater (15) and a cooler, wherein the heater and the cooler is respectively configured for increasing and decreasing the temperature in the test area. An exemplary thermal shock testing method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A probe assembly of an infrared thermometer is capable of detecting the surface temperature of a thermal radiation source and is suitable for holding over human skin or inserting into a patient's ear canal for accurately taking human body temperature. The probe assembly comprises a taper plastic tube, a conductive shell, an infrared radiation sensor and an adiabatic supporter, wherein the plastic tube has a radiation collection end and the conductive shell has a first open end. The infrared radiation sensor is placed in the first open end of the conductive shell, and has a base against the adiabatic supporter. The infrared radiation sensor has a hot junction toward the first open end of the conductive shell and a cold junction toward the adiabatic supporter.

Abstract: A temperature sensor approximates fluid temperature averaged across a location range by including an outer armour layer. Several resistance temperature detectors are spaced in an electrical circuit which is then protected in the outer armour layer. The outer armour layer is woven without any seam to enhance its longitudinal thermal conductivity. In the preferred weave, twenty-four stands of sixteen metal threads each are helically woven. The electrical circuit is sealed interior to the armour layer so any condensation or moisture within the armour layer does not affect the circuit. The armour layer is sealed on its ends to the sheathing of the underlying circuit, so the armour layer provides stress relief across the connections of the resistance temperature detectors to the circuit. The resulting sensor is robust and durable, as well as very flexible.

Abstract: A performance testing apparatus for a heat pipe includes an immovable portion having a cooling structure defined therein for cooling a heat pipe needing to be tested. A movable portion is capable of moving relative to the immovable portion. A receiving structure is located between the immovable portion and the movable portion for receiving the heat pipe therein. At least a temperature sensor is attached to at least one of the immovable portion and the movable portion for thermally contacting the heat pipe in the receiving structure for detecting temperature of the heat pipe. An enclosure encloses the immovable portion and the movable portions and has sidewalls thereof slidably contacting at least one of the immovable portion and the movable portion.

Abstract: A performance testing apparatus for a heat pipe includes an immovable portion having a cooling structure defined therein for cooling a heat pipe requiring test. A movable portion is capable of moving relative to the immovable portion. A receiving structure is defined between the immovable portion and the movable portion for receiving the heat pipe therein. A concavo-convex cooperating structure is defined in the immovable portion and the movable portion for avoiding the movable portion from deviating from the immovable portion to ensure the receiving structure being capable of precisely receiving the heat pipe. At least a temperature sensor is attached to at least one of the immovable portion and the movable portion for thermally contacting the heat pipe in the receiving structure to detect a temperature of the heat pipe.

Abstract: A performance testing apparatus for a heat pipe includes an immovable portion having a cooling structure defined therein for cooling a heat pipe requiring test. A movable portion is capable of moving relative to the immovable portion. A receiving structure is defined between the immovable portion and the movable portion for receiving the heat pipe therein. A positioning structure extends from at least one of the immovable portion and the movable portion to ensure that the receiving structure is capable of precisely receiving the heat pipe therein. At least a temperature sensor is attached to at least one of the immovable portion and the movable portion to detect a temperature of the heat pipe. An enclosure encloses the immovable portion and the movable portions therein, and defines a space for movement of the movable portion relative to the immovable portion.

Abstract: A performance testing apparatus for a heat pipe includes an immovable portion having a cooling structure defined therein for cooling the heat pipe. A movable portion is capable of moving relative to the immovable portion. A receiving structure is defined between the immovable portion and the movable portion for receiving the heat pipe therein. A concavo-convex cooperating structure is defined in the immovable portion and the movable portion for ensuring the receiving structure being capable of precisely receiving the heat pipe. Temperature sensors are attached to the immovable portion and the movable portion to detect a temperature of the heat pipe. An enclosure encloses the immovable portion and the movable portions therein to provide a thermally stable environment for the heat pipe during test.

Abstract: A device for contactless measurement of a rotor temperature includes a magnet supported on the rotor, electric coils which are arranged at the stator with which the rotor cooperates, and an electronic unit for measuring a voltage induced in the coil and including a component that converts the measured voltage into a temperature-proportional signal.

Abstract: An RTD connector seal to couple and seal an RTD device to an RTD cable. The RTD connector seal includes a tubular sleeve defining an groove in an interior surface proximate each end of the sleeve. The RTD connector seal includes a pair of end plugs, each end plug defining a first channel configured to receive an O-ring and a second channel configured to receive stacked O-rings, with one O-ring aligned with the groove in the sleeve, each end plug defining a through hole configured to receive one of the RTD device and RTD cable. The RTD connector seal includes a terminal plate coupled to each end plug and configured to slidingly engage the interior surface of the sleeve. The RTD connector seal includes a terminal block mounted on the terminal plate, wherein the RTD device is coupled to the RTD cable on the terminal block sealed within the sleeve.

Abstract: This invention is a multiple access communication technique by which a multitude of transmitters communicate with receivers using direct sequence spread spectrum signaling. The direct sequence codes are reused by a large number of simultaneous transmitters, so the system is named Code Reuse Multiple Access (“CRMA”). This reuse method requires only a small number of codes relative to the number of simultaneous transmitters, and can use as few as one code for all the users. The direct sequence codes are not required to have special properties such as maximal length. The lengths of the spreading codes employed are not necessarily related to the bit or symbol interval. CRMA can be implemented on a Paired Carrier Multiple Access (“PCMA”) system with or without a novel receiver structure which is also described. In an environment having virtual channels, a clock is derived from the received signal in the uplink by sampling the signal to detect symbol edges.

Abstract: In a communication network which performs transmission from a plurality of first communication devices to a single second communication device using a synchronous code division multiplexing technique, the phases of signals transmitted from the first communication devices are synchronized easily. The first communication devices control the transmission phase of spread modulated signals using phase control information received from the second communication device. A repeater generates a code division multiplexed signal by superposing the spread modulated signals transmitted respectively from the first transmission devices. The second transmission device demultiplexes the code division multiplexed signal received from the repeater, determines the optimum phase of the demultiplexed signals, and transmits the determined optimum phase to the first transmission devices as the phase control information.

Abstract: A server system receives information from a client and publishes the information over the Internet. The information includes textual, graphical, or other digitized forms of informational data such as geographic data, a Latitude and/or Longitude, an address, a partial address, an altitude, a region, or the like. The server system stores the information from the client, processes the geographic data associated with the information, converts the geographic data to a standardized format, and associates the geographic data with the posted data as geographic metadata. The data and geographic metadata is then indexed for optimized retrieval by the client system. In response to a request from a client system, paired with global positioning or spatial data the server system returns published information aggregated and summarized based on the proximity of the stored coordinates to those passed to the server system by the requesting client system.

Abstract: A RAKE reception device capable of allocating an appropriate number of fingers to a channel. In this device, a selection control section (301) sets a finger (304) allocated to the channel from the channel communication state and a control signal based on this setting is output to a synchronization processing section (302) and to a selection switch (303). According to the control signal, the synchronization processing section (302) detects a path and a spread code phase in a reception signal and allocates the detected path to the finger (304) which has been set. The finger (304) which has been set de-spreads the signal of the path allocated and performs coherent detection. According to the control signal, the selection switch (303) switches the connection between the finger (304) and a maximum ratio combining section (307) so that the output from the finger (304) is output to the maximum ratio combining section (307).

Abstract: This disclosure describes equalization techniques for spread spectrum wireless communication. The techniques may involve estimating a channel impulse response, estimating channel variance, and selecting filter coefficients for an equalizer based on the estimated channel impulse response and the estimated channel variance. Moreover, in accordance with this disclosure, the channel variance estimation involves estimation of two or more co-variances for different received samples. Importantly, the equalizer is “fractionally spaced,” which means that the equalizer defines fractional filtering coefficients (filter taps), unlike conventional equalizers that presume that filter coefficients are defined at integer chip spacing. The techniques can allow the equalizer to account for antenna diversity, such as receive diversity, transmit diversity, or possibly both.

Abstract: Techniques for performing interference cancellation in a wireless (e.g., CDMA) communication system are described. In one aspect, per-bin power estimates for multiple orthogonal bins are derived by estimating at least two components of these power estimates. The components may include, e.g., channel gain, noise and interference, and bin gain. Interference cancellation is performed based on the per-bin power estimates. In another aspect, interference cancellation is performed in multiple stages with fast tracking. A total power estimate and per-bin power estimates are derived for a first stage. A total power estimate is derived for a second stage. Per-bin power estimates are also derived for the second stage based on the total power estimates for the first and second stages and the per-bin power estimates for the first stage. Interference cancellation is performed for each stage based on the per-bin power estimates for that stage.

Abstract: A system abstracts channel information from field data gathered in actual wireless communication system environments. The abstracted data is then transformed into control signals or programming codes that can be used to control channel simulators so as to recreate the field conditions, including path loss, slow fading, fast fading, path delay, fading power spectral density with and without line-of-sight (LOS), and different kind of handoff scenarios, such as soft, softer, intra-band hard, inter-band hard handoffs. The system thus can accurately simulate a realistic wireless communication link originated from multiple signal sources in different band channels and formed by multipath signal propagation. The simulated realistic wireless communication link can be condensed by selecting the most useful scenarios from its original field data files or modified by tuning its parameters as desired.

Abstract: Provided is a demodulator circuit allowing a tag or transponder to efficiently recover data of an input amplitude signal at very low power in a wireless communication system such as a radio frequency identification (RFID) system. The demodulator connects an output of a voltage multiplier to a low-current path by capacitive coupling, thereby recovering data. Therefore, data is recovered, at low power, from an input amplitude signal having a low modulation depth, and it is possible to increase a communication distance.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a wireless communications system with reduced sideband noise and carrier leakage. In the system, at least one transmitter modulates at least one input signal with a first carrier to generate a modulated output signal, and at least one receiver receives the modulated output signal and demodulates the same with a second carrier to generate at least one demodulated output signal. The first and second carriers are at different frequencies, such that the sideband noise and carrier leakage generated by different sources can be distinguished.

Abstract: Wireless devices transmit and receive radio signals based upon reference frequencies generated by crystal oscillators. If the reference frequencies of the transmitter and the receiver are different, the radio signals may not be received properly or may not be received at all. A measurement circuit measures the amount of error or signal corruption in the radio signals due to the reference frequency offset between the transmitter and the receiver. A frequency offset circuit generates an offset operating frequency in the transmitter or the receiver to align or calibrate the operating frequencies of the devices.

Abstract: An efficient method for calculating the step-sizes for a frequency-domain equalizer of a discrete-multitone communications system using signal power estimation and tone grouping (SPE-TG) while on-line. The SPE-TG method is used to calculate a plurality of subchannel step-sizes which are then stored in a lookup table. When on-line, the method uses signal power estimation to select step sizes for each tone, and uses these step sizes for frequency domain equalization. The SPE-TG method simplifies the calculations necessary for frequency domain equalization, thereby saving significant hardware and/or processing resources. The SPE-TG method is reliable and robust, and does not depend upon assumptions about the line, location, or channel.

Abstract: An image display device for a car monitoring system includes a microprocessor, digital image decoder/encoder, a timing controller, and a display. The microprocessor connects to a reversing sensor to acquire a distance value of a detected obstacle. The digital image decoder connects to a camera to convert an analog image signal into a digital format. The timing controller is respectively connected to the microprocessor and the digital image decoder to generate a combined image signal with an appropriate compression ratio. The digital image encoder is connected between the timing controller and a display to convert the combined image signal of the digital format into an analog format and then outputting to the display. The screen of the display is divided into several parts including a monitored image play area, an obstacle data display area and a dynamic obstacle distance display area.

Abstract: The invention relates to a video encoding method provided for encoding each frame of a sequence of successive groups of frames. This method comprises for each successive current frame, itself subdivided into blocks, the steps of estimating a motion vector for each block, generating a predicted frame from these motion vectors, applying to a difference signal between the current frame and the last predicted frame a transformation and quantization sub-step, and coding the quantized coefficients thus obtained. A preprocessing step, applied to each successive current frame, computes for said frame a so-called content-change strength (CCS), used to define a modified structure of the successive groups of frames to be encoded.

Abstract: A rate controller in a transcoder, which receives a stream of compressed frames carried in a bit stream, selectively determines whether to quantize and/or threshold slices of a frame carried in the stream of frames. The rate controller determines the input size of the frame and based at least in part upon at least a desired size, requantizes and/or thresholds the frame such that the output size of the frame is approximately the desired size.

Abstract: An image coding method and apparatus considering human visual characteristics are provided. The image coding method comprises (a) modeling image quality distribution of an input image in units of scenes such that the quality of an image input in units of scenes is gradually lowered from a region of interest to a background region, (b) determining a quantization parameter of each region constituting one scene according to the result of modeling of image quality distribution, (c) quantizing image data in accordance with the quantization parameter, and (d) coding entropy of the quantized image data.

Abstract: A device includes: a motion vector decoder that decodes the encoded motion vector information; a motion vector classification unit that classifies a moving direction of the motion vector into one of a plurality of directional ranges that are preliminarily defined; a different direction image block extractor that extracts the image block having the classified directional range different from the peripheral image blocks; an image block connector that connects consecutive image blocks, when any image blocks in the same directional range exist consecutively in the extracted image block; and a contour extractor that extracts the line spanning the outermost periphery of the connected image blocks as the contour data.

Abstract: A system and method for the prevention of display burn-in in Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG) and non-MPEG environments. In one environment, a system may include an image sampler to sample images from a decoded video stream; a static area detector to successively compare the sampled images using a pixel-wise XOR operation, where the static area detector marks an area in the compared images that appear as zero brightness; and a burn-in prevention module to apply a burn-in preventative technique for a period of time to the marked area.

Abstract: An image processor, which requires a transfer rate lower than the conventional rate, for transmitting pixel data between a DDR-DRAM and a memory, and is configured of: a decoded chrominance pixel output unit which writes pixel data into a DDR-DRAM per p×q pixel unit or per p×q pixel units, each pixel unit being made up of p lines of pixels aligned in a vertical direction and q rows of pixels aligned in a horizontal direction; and a reference chrominance pixel input unit which reads out the pixel data of the pixels from the DDR-DRAM per p×q pixel unit or p×q pixel units, in which the decoded chrominance pixel output unit has an interleaving unit that interleaves q rows of p×q pixels to be written into the DDR-DRAM, so as to generate a pixel data sequence in which the pixel data of the pixels located in q rows is multiplexed and placed in a line.

Abstract: I and P pictures are encoded in the order of the frames of image data by referring to reference pictures. After the I and P pictures are encoded, B pictures between the I and P pictures or between the P pictures are encoded by referring to the reference pictures. Whether B pictures obtained by decoding B pictures thus encoded are to be used as reference pictures is changed over by a B picture selector during the encoding of the image data.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a decoding device, an encoding device, an interpolation frame creating system, an integrated circuit device, a decoding program and an encoding program for creating interpolation frames at a high precision with an encoding efficiency being improved. The decoding device (12) includes a decoding section (70), a motion vector detection section (79), and an interpolation frame creation section (80). The decoding section (70) decodes an encoded image signal (d211) which is obtained by encoding image frames which form an image signal (d210) and additional information (d231) for creating an interpolation frame which interpolates the image frames based on a motion vector (MV48) which is a motion vector between the image frames. The motion vector detection section (79) detects a motion vector (MV90) which is a motion vector between decoded image frames (d260).

Abstract: A method for implementing motion estimation comprising the steps of (A) performing a motion estimation search on one or more blocks of sub-sampled images to generate a first plurality of motion vector scores, (B) applying a first adjustable bias to any one or more of said first plurality of motion vector scores with a lowest sum of absolute differences score, (C) selecting a motion vector with a lowest adjusted score in response to applying the first adjustable bias, (D) performing a motion estimation search on one or more blocks of non-sub-sampled images to generate a second plurality of motion vector scores with the selected motion vector with the lowest adjusted score, (E) applying a second adjustable bias to any one or more of the second plurality of motion vector scores with the lowest sum of absolute differences score and (F) selecting a final motion vector for each target block position.

Abstract: A method for simulating an image captured at a long exposure time (“simulated image”), includes (1) capturing each of first, second, and third images at a short exposure time, (2) determining a first relative motion between the first and the second images, (3) transforming the first image to remove the first relative motion, (4) determining a second relative motion between the third and the second images, (5) transforming the third image to remove the second relative motion, and (6) combining the first, the second, and the third images to form the simulated image. Relative motions between images are determined by matching blocks at multiple resolutions to determine corresponding points between the images. Transformation to remove relative motion is determined by fitting corresponding points between the images using a minimum square error (MSE) algorithm in a random sample consensus (RANSAC) framework.

Abstract: Disclosed is a motion estimation method for selecting a target motion vector from a plurality of candidate motion vectors in a search range of a target picture for an encoding block having a lot of pixels in a picture is disclosed. The method comprises: utilizing a distortion function to calculate difference between the pixels of the encoding block and the pixels in the search range of a target picture to generate at least one distortion value; utilizing an entropy function to calculate the distribution of the difference between the pixels of the encoding block and the pixels in the search range of blocks corresponding to candidate motion vectors to generate at least one distribution values; performing an mathematics operation to the distortion values and the distribution values to generate at least one operation value; and selecting the target motion vector according to the operation value.

Abstract: For decoding a scalable video stream, in which the images may be decoded by groups of several images, each group being constituted by at least three levels of image temporal hierarchy, the images of the lowest level having the lowest time frequency and the images of each following level having a time frequency at least twice that of the images of the preceding level, a temporal hierarchy level being formed by at least one predetermined time interval, a time interval separating two images in that temporal hierarchy level: during the decoding of at least one temporal hierarchy level, at least one item of information is obtained representing a parameter relative to the content of the video stream over at least one time interval, and an order in the decoding of the images of each group of images is defined as a function of said information obtained.

Abstract: Motion Estimation is one of the most computationally complex processes within a video encoding system. Several Fast Integer Sample Motion Estimation schemes are introduced to reduce complexity of considering integer positions during motion estimation. However, after making such considerations fractional sample motion vector refinement becomes instead the greatest bottleneck for video encoding. Accordingly, algorithms that can reduce such complexity, with little impact in quality, are required and are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: Techniques for low delay and small memory footprint picture buffering are described. For example, an apparatus may include a media processing node to receive a decoded video frame. The media processing node may selectively output and selectively buffer the decoded video frame. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a method for selecting an encoding mode from several encoding modes. For each encoding mode from several encoding modes, the method computes a Lagrangian value based on a distortion value that is identified by using a function that reduces the impact of outliers. The method selects a particular encoding mode based on the computed Lagrangian values. In some embodiments, the function is a Huber function. In some embodiments, the computed Lagrangian value is further based on a bit rate value and a Lagrangian multiplier.

Abstract: A method, medium, and apparatus encoding and/or decoding an audio signal. The method of encoding an audio signal includes transforming an input audio signal into an audio signal in a frequency domain, quantizing the frequency-domain transformed audio signal, and performing bitplane coding on the quantized audio signal using a context that represents various available symbols of an upper bitplane.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for data transmission at energy efficient rates. An embodiment of an apparatus includes a port for the transfer of data. The port has an active state in which the port may transmit or receive data and an inactive state in which the port does not transmit or receive data. The apparatus further includes logic to control the transfer of data. The logic places the port into the active state for a first time period for the transfer of data and places the port into the inactive state for a second time period. The logic further prevents transfer of data during the inactive state.

Abstract: A channel equalizer obtains channel impulse responses (CIRs) for all subcarriers by way of filtering channel impulse responses of specific subcarriers using at least two filters. One of the two filters may be a low pass filter. At least one other of the at least two filters is implemented as a band pass filter having a variable filtering bandwidth, being available to establish various filtering bandwidths in response to various multi-path channel environments. By improving the performance of channel estimation, equalization may be improved.

Abstract: An aspect of the invention relates to a digital generator for multi-carrier frequency division multiplexing (FDM) signals. The digital generator comprises an electronic circuit being operated under the control of a computer program. The digital generator is configured to generate FDM signals being comprised of FDM symbols, wherein at least one FDM symbol has pilot symbols which are non-equidistantly spaced in frequency. Another aspect of the invention relates to a digital receiver for multi-carrier FDM signals. The digital receiver comprises an electronic circuit being operated under the control of a computer program, and further comprises a demodulator for demodulating digital multi-carrier FDM signals, said signals being comprised of FDM symbols having pilot symbols, the pilot symbols of at least one FDM symbol being non-equidistantly spaced in frequency.

Abstract: A method for initializing modems in a multicarrier transmission system to establish a communication link between the transmitter and the receiver. An exemplary embodiment includes the steps of providing a predetermined parameter value that approximates a corresponding actual parameter value of the communication link, establishing a data communication link between a first transceiver and a second transceiver using the predetermined parameter value to allow the transmission of data, determining the actual parameter value, and seamlessly increasing the data rate of the established data communication link by using the determined actual parameter value to provide an steady state communication link with an updated data rate.

Abstract: An encoding apparatus compresses a stereo signal using a sum signal and a difference signal of a left component signal and a right component signal of the stereo signal. The encoding apparatus includes a calculating unit that calculates complexity of the sum signal and complexity of the difference signal; a setting unit that sets, based on the complexity, an allocation rate of bits to be allocated in quantizing the sum signal and the difference signal; and a quantizing unit that quantizes the sum signal and the difference signal based on the allocation rate.

Abstract: A system and method for transmitting multiple independent data streams from subsets of a plurality of radio antennas. The method includes determining by the receiver, an antenna partitioning, including relative phase rotations to be applied to each antenna, that results in the highest channel capacity among the possible partitionings. The receiver then provides partitioning information to the transmitter, including the number of antenna subsets, which antennas are included in each subset, the capacity of the data stream to be transmitted from each antenna subset, and the relative phase rotations to be applied to the antennas in each subset. The transmitter partitions the plurality of radio antennas into mutually exclusive subsets in accordance with the partitioning information, applies the relative phase rotation to each antenna, and transmits an independent data stream from each subset of antennas with a rate not greater than the stream capacity.

Abstract: A MIMO wireless system includes a transmitter having a parser that parses a bit stream into multiple spatial data streams and multiple interleavers corresponding to the multiple spatial data streams, where each interleaver interleaves the bits in the corresponding spatial data stream by performing multiple column rotations and row rotation, to increase diversity of the wireless system. The MIMO wireless system also includes a receiver that has deinterleavers that deinterleaves spatial bit streams transmitted by the transmitter.

Abstract: Techniques for performing channel and noise estimation for a MIMO transmission sent from multiple transmit antennas to multiple receive antennas are described. Samples are obtained from the receive antennas. For a first scheme, channel estimates are derived by correlating the samples with at least one pilot sequence, and signal, noise and interference statistics are also estimated based on the samples. For a second scheme, total received energy as well as signal and interference energy are estimated based on the samples. Noise is then estimated based on the estimated total received energy and the estimated signal and interference energy. For a third scheme, signal and on-time interference statistics are estimated based on the samples. Noise and multipath interference statistics are also estimated based on the samples. Signal, noise and interference statistics are then estimated based on the estimated signal and on-time interference statistics and the estimated noise and multipath interference statistics.

Abstract: A Log-Likelihood Ratio (LLR) generating apparatus and method in a communication system using a spatial multiplexing scheme. The reception method includes acquiring at least one estimated transmit vector by demodulating a receive vector using at least one Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) detection process; selecting one of the at least one estimated transmit vector as an optimum estimated transmit vector; calculating LLRs with respect to the optimum estimated transmit vector; calculating a weight to be applied to each of elements constructing the optimum estimated transmit vector; and applying the weight to each of the calculated LLRs. Accordingly, the present invention can generate the LLRs with high reliability similar to the LLRs of a Maximum Likelihood receiver by applying the weight to the LLRs generated from the estimated transmit vector.

Abstract: A system and method providing signal combining to support multimode communication. Various aspects of the present invention may provide a first input adapted to receive a first baseband signal corresponding to a first communication protocol. A second input may be provided, which is adapted to receive a second baseband signal corresponding to a second communication protocol. A spectral placement module may, for example, be adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal. For example, the spectral placement module may be adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands substantially distinct from one or more frequency bands associated with the second baseband signal. The spectrally shifted first baseband signal and the second baseband signal, which may also be spectrally shifted, may then be combined to form a composite signal.

Abstract: A powerline network system. The system includes a power transformer device at a public utility facility. The system has a powerline box coupled to the transformer device. In a preferred embodiment, the powerline box comprises at least three lines including a first phase, a second phase, and a third phase. The first phase, the second phase, and the third phase are derived from the power transformer device. The system has a powerline coupler coupled to the first phase, the second phase, and the third phase and a multichannel data communication device coupled to the powerline coupler. In a preferred embodiment, the multichannel data communication device includes N channels, whereupon N is an integer greater than 8. The system has a first capacitor and a second capacitor coupled to the first phase and a first length of wiring between the first capacitor and the second capacitor. Preferably, the first length of wire is inductively coupled to one or more power line communication devices.

Abstract: An apparatus for transmitting a signal in a communication system includes: MT number of transmission antennas; a space-time encoder for generating MT number of transmission symbol streams by space-time encoding MT number of modulation symbol streams in accordance with a space-time encoding scheme determined by a predetermined control, and transmitting each of the MT transmission symbol streams through a corresponding transmission antenna from among the MT transmission antennas; and a controller for determining the space-time encoding scheme based on an iteration number of transmission, which indicates the number of times by which an information data bit stream corresponding to the MT modulation symbol streams has been transmitted.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for transmitting a signal in a communication system. Upon receipt of an information vector, the apparatus includes converting the information vector into a plurality of sub-information vectors; performing coding and modulation on each of the sub-information vectors according to a corresponding mode thereby generating a modulation symbol; interleaving the modulation symbol generated for each of the sub-information vectors; allocating power to the interleaved modulation symbol for each individual mode; and beamforming the modulation symbols power-allocated for each individual mode, and transmitting the beamforming symbols.