Abstract: Energy beams with different wavelengths or wavelength ranges may be passed through a gas sample in a test chamber. Ones of the energy beams may have wavelengths or wavelength ranges that are absorbed by particular gases. To determine whether any of those particular gases are in the gas sample, the loss of energy, if any, as the beams pass through the gas ample may be determined. The presence of one or more gases that do not absorb the energy beams may be determined by placing a chemical reactant that reacts with those one or more gases and then detecting a chemical reaction between the chemical reactant and the gas sample.

Abstract: A system for detecting and remediating a discharge of fuel from a fuel source facility is disclosed. The system can comprise a contamination detection subsystem configured to detect a discharge of fuel from the fuel source facility and a remediation subsystem configured to remediate contamination due to the discharge of fuel. A controller can automatically activate the remediation subsystem upon detection of a discharge by the contamination detection subsystem. The controller can automatically send a notification that a contamination has been detected and the remediation system has been activated. Alternatively or in addition, the controller can automatically send a notification that a contamination has been detected and the remediation system has been activated.

Abstract: Security identifiers are analyzed to mitigate the use of misleading characters. In some embodiments, a language-based character set determination is utilized and looks for characters that are different from those that a user and/or the user's system would expect to see.

Abstract: Scintillator materials based on certain types of activated alkali metal rare earth halide materials are described. In one embodiment, the material contains CsLaBr4 with Ce(III) ions substituted for a portion of the La component. The scintillator or other detector materials can be in monocrystalline or polycrystalline form. Radiation detectors that use the scintillators are also described, as are related methods for detecting high-energy radiation.

Abstract: At a radiation incident side of light generating means comprising light guiding means 300 including a light source such as an LED 301, a light guiding plate 303, a reflecting plate 304, a diffusing plate 305, and the like, radiation shielding members 401 to 403 for shielding the radiation are provided. As the radiation shielding members, those absorbing or reflecting 70% of the incident radiation are used. Further, the radiation shielding member is disposed between a radiation detecting panel 500 and a light generating source such as the LED 301 and the like or disposed between the radiation detecting panel and a drive circuit which drives the light source such as the LED 301, and the like.

Abstract: A radiation detector assembly has a semiconductor detector array substrate of CdZnTe or CdTe, having a plurality of detector cell pads on a first surface thereof, the pads having a contact metallization and a solder barrier metallization. An interposer card has planar dimensions no larger than planar dimensions of the semiconductor detector array substrate, a plurality of interconnect pads on a first surface thereof, at least one readout semiconductor chip and at least one connector on a second surface thereof, each having planar dimensions no larger than the planar dimensions of the interposer card. Solder columns extend from contacts on the interposer first surface to the plurality of pads on the semiconductor detector array substrate first surface, the solder columns having at least one solder having a melting point or liquidus less than 120 degrees C.

Abstract: A light detector having spaced electrodes preset by pins or a spacer within a sealed enclosure. The detector may have a MEMS structure that is separate from the sealing of the enclosure. Further, the detector may have a lens for the transmission of light onto the elements. The lens may be coated to affect the amount of light admitted into the enclosure. Light detectable by the sensor may be ultra-violet.

Abstract: A multiplexed capillary electrophoresis (CE) method using fluorescence detection for a plurality of samples is improved economically and in terms of instrument complexity by irradiating the plurality of samples with a single non-coherent light source as the excitation light source for all of the channels. The preferred light source is a light-emitting-diode (LED).

Abstract: A method for producing gas phase molecules includes providing a sample of molecules, the sample being characterized by a charge distribution, and directing acoustic radiation at the sample of molecules to desorb at least some of the molecules from the sample such that the desorbed molecules have a charge distribution that is substantially the same as the charge distribution of the sample of molecules.

Abstract: A water-purification device (22) for a potable water system comprising a chamber (23) through which water flows, a plurality of light-emitting diodes (24) that radiate ultraviolet light into the water within the chamber (23), and a driver circuit (26) providing power to the light-emitting diodes. The light-emitting diodes (24) can be positioned within or outside of the chamber (23) and they can be electrically connected in series. The drive circuit (26) receives voltage from a power source (e.g., an onboard power source on an aircraft) and can include a feedback accessory (40), an input accessory (42) and/or a fault-status accessory (44).

Abstract: Unsupported, electron transparent film useful in supporting a sample for imaging and analysis by transmission electron microscopy; methods for making and using the unsupported, electron transparent film; and an integrally formed combination of an unsupported, electron transparent film and substrate.

Abstract: A scintillator composition is described, including a matrix material and an activator. The matrix material includes at least one alkali metal or thallium; at least one alkaline earth metal or lead; and at least one halide compound. The activator is usually cerium, praseodymium, or mixtures thereof. Radiation detectors which include the scintillator composition are also described. Methods for detecting high-energy radiation also form part of this disclosure.

Abstract: Process for the observation of at least one sample region with a light raster microscope by a relative movement between the illumination light and sample via first scanning means along at least one scanning axis essentially perpendicular to the illumination axis wherein at an angle to the plane of the relative movement, preferably perpendicular thereto, second scanning means are moved and an image acquisition takes place by the movement of the first and second scanning means being coupled and a three-dimensional sampling movement being done by the illumination of the sample wherein the second scamming means are coupled to the movement of the first scanning means in such a manner that straight and/or curved lines and/or plane and/or curved surfaces are scanned which are extended along at least one scanning direction of the first scanning means as well as along the scanning direction of the second scanning means.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a radiation system (1) comprising an eccentric gantry (100) arranged in connection with multiple treatment rooms (61-68) separated by radiation-shielding separating members (71-78). A movable rotation head (120) is connected to the gantry (100) and is able to move between, and direct a radiation beam (110) into, the treatment rooms (61-68). A simulator head (200-1 to 200-8) is preferably arranged together with the radiation system so it can be used in each respective treatment room (61-68). In such a case, while a first subject (40-1) is being irradiated in a first room (61), a treatment set-up procedure, including correct positioning of subjects (40-2 to 40-8) and irradiation simulation, can simultaneously take place for the other subjects (40-2 to 40-8) in the other treatment rooms (62 to 68).

Abstract: Conventionally, defect data outputted by an inspection system comprised only characteristic quantitative data, such as coordinate data, area, and projected length, and only the coordinate data for moving to a defect location could be utilized effectively. By contrast, the present invention, by using image data in addition to characteristic quantitative data as the defect data for an inspection system, enables the retrieval of image data via an outside results confirmation system. Further, in the case of defect data of a plurality of substrates, it is enabled to display a defect image during inspection by the fact that similar defects are retrieved via images and retrieval results are displayed as trends makes it possible to display a defect image during inspection by searching similar defects on images and displaying them as a trend, designating a substrate on the trend, thereby displaying the defect map thereof and designating a defect on the defect map.

Abstract: A lithographic apparatus includes a collector configured to collect radiation from a radiation source, the collector including a plurality of shells forming separate compartments, and a cleaning arrangement including a gas inlet and a gas outlet, the cleaning arrangement being configured to clean surfaces of the plurality of shells by guiding a gas flow from the inlet through the compartments to the outlet. The cleaning arrangement includes a distribution system configured to divide the gas flow into several sub flows, each of the sub flows corresponding to one or more of the compartments, and a control system configured to control the relative amount of the sub flows.

Abstract: A stage assembly (220A) includes a stage (206A) and a force provider (232A) that provides an acceleration/deceleration force on the stage (206A). The force provider (232A) includes a provider housing (238A) and a piston assembly (240A). The provider housing (238A) defines a piston chamber (344), and includes a first beam aperture (352F), a first cylinder aperture (350F) that is in fluid communication with a fluid at a first pressure and a spaced apart second cylinder aperture (350S) that is in fluid communication with a fluid at the first pressure. The piston assembly (340) includes a piston (356) positioned in the piston chamber (344), and a first beam (358F)) extending through the first beam aperture (352F). The first beam (358F)) is secured to the piston (356). The piston (356) moves along a piston path (462). At a second piston region (462S) of the piston path (462) the piston (356) is positioned between the cylinder apertures (350F)(350S).

Abstract: A method for using optical media for identification purpose including the steps of exposing a portion of the optical media to a source of radiation; detecting an imperfection in the portion of the optical media; and, quantifying the imperfection to create a unique identifier. An apparatus for using an optical media for identification purposes, including a light source for exposing a portion of the optical media to a radiation; and, a receptor for receiving the radiation through the portion of the optical media, wherein the receptor measures a change in radiation that is received once the radiation has passed through the portion of the optical media.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus, unit and method for testing image sensor packages, which can automatically test whether the image sensor packages are defective before they are assembled into camera modules. An apparatus for testing image sensor packages according to the present invention comprises a seating unit on which image sensor packages are seated for tests; a testing section having a lens and a light source above the image sensor packages to perform an open and short test and an image test for the image sensor packages; and a controlling and processing unit having a tester module for performing the open and short test and the image test for the image sensor packages.

Abstract: Apparatus for detecting a target gas in a monitored space (105) comprises two laser diodes (101) and (114) driven by drive circuits (103) and (115) at electrical frequencies f and f? that are not harmonically related. The lasers (101) and (114) operate at mean wavelengths ?1 and ?2 respectively close to two different absorption lines of the target gas and are scanned over wavelength ranges ??1 and ??2 respectively. The outputs from the lasers (101) and (114) are collimated by an optical element (104) and delivered to a receiver element (106) after passing through the space (105). The receiver element (106) focuses the radiation from both lasers onto a detector (107) where the optical signals are combined into a single electrical signal with principal frequency components f and f?.

Abstract: A hydraulic drive system for reversibly operating a device such as a wheelchair ramp or other type of mobility access device is provided. The hydraulic drive system includes a bi-directional power unit that is in fluid communication with a cylinder for deploying and stowing the ramp. The system further includes valves disposed between the cylinder and pump, which may be spring biased shuttle-type valves. In one embodiment, the valves are normally biased so that the cylinder and ramp may move freely such that the ramp may be manually operated during a loss of electrical power to the power unit.

Abstract: A metering device has an actuating unit within a housing in which an actuator is inserted and a hydraulic compensating element. The hydraulic compensating element is connected to the actuator and can be filled with a fluid when subjected to pressure. A first end of the actuator is provided with a first end cap. The metering device further has a stop that is disposed on the housing in the form of a seat, faces the first end cap, and defines a stopping position for the first end cap. The stop maintains a maximum distance between a sealing element and the end cap, the distance being smaller than the actuator traveling distance such that the actuator stroke beyond the end cap is sufficient for opening the valve. The first end cap hits the stop when moving in the direction of the hydraulic compensating element such that the movement is blocked.

Abstract: A differential pressure valve unit that is accommodated in a liquid cartridge main body having: a liquid containing portion containing liquid; and a liquid supply portion supplying the liquid in the liquid containing portion to the outside, the differential pressure value unit including: a membrane valve that is opened when a predetermined pressure difference between the liquid containing portion and the liquid supply portion occurs; and a first member that holds the membrane valve and forms a downstream pressure chamber together with the membrane valve, wherein, in the first member, an opposing surface forming the downstream pressure chamber and having a connection port connected to the liquid supply portion has a shape corresponding to a movable range of the membrane valve, and a groove portion is provided at the opposing surface in order to allow the liquid in the downstream pressure chamber to easily flow into the connection port.

Abstract: A mechanical assist assembly for translating a pushing motion from a vehicle operator into an oppositely directed valve deactuation force including a spring cap having a generally round cap portion, a locking recess formed in the cap portion, a helical compression spring operationally connected and extending from the cap portion and a locking bolt extending from a vehicle dash plate. The cap portion may be depressed to actuate the valve actuator, thereby increasing the potential energy of the compression spring. The cap may be rotated a first direction to engage the locking bolt and, once engaged, may be rotated a second direction to disengage the locking bolt. Disengaging the cap portion from the locking bolt enables the helical compression spring to release its stored potential energy and urge the valve actuator into its disengaged position.

Abstract: A solenoid valve includes a holder, which holds a locating rod that defines an axial through hole for quick discharge of an air, a coil assembly, a magnetic actuating rod axially slidably mounted in the coil assembly, an exhaust valve mounted in the magnetic actuating rod and defining an exhaust hole, a control member for regulating the passage of the exhaust hole, a spring stopped between the actuating rod and the locating rod, and a seal provided at the front side of the magnetic actuating rod for stopping against the locating rod to block the axial through hole of the locating rod for exhaust of the air through the exhaust hole of the exhaust valve at a slow speed.

Abstract: A throttle valve connects with a chamber for adjusting air pressure in the chamber. The throttle valve has a housing having a channel in it, a piston ring positioned at an end of the channel, a stopper positioned in the channel, and a driver for rotating the stopper. The piston ring has a plane surface contacting with the housing, a first cambered surface contacting with the housing and vertically connecting with the plane surface, and a second cambered surface connecting with the first cambered surface. The second cambered surface of the piston ring contacts with a third cambered surface of the stopper.

Abstract: A flap valve for a motor vehicle exhaust system includes a valve housing in which a valve flap is pivotally mounted about a shaft. A bearing housing is disposed in a gas-tight manner outside the valve housing. The shaft is extended through a first orifice in the valve housing and emerges from the bearing housing through a second orifice. Inside the bearing housing, the shaft is surrounded by a bearing ring having a supporting surface pointing towards the valve flap. A spring element, which is mounted in the bearing housing, surrounds the shaft and is supported at the supporting surface and directly or indirectly at the shaft.

Abstract: A diaphragm valve for compressed or liquefied gases, comprising a valve body which forms an inlet which can be associated with a pressurized gas cylinder and forms a gas outlet port. A closure port is provided between the inlet and the outlet port, and a gasket acts on the closure port and is supported by a flow control element, which engages the internal face of a diaphragm, on the outer face whereof there acts a pusher piston, which can be actuated by means of an external knob. Between the diaphragm and the pusher piston, at least one metallic disk being arranged which is not retained at its edges.

Abstract: A fire or explosion suppression system comprises a source (30) of a liquid suppressant under pressure, and a source (32) of an inert gas under pressure. The liquid suppressant is a chemical substance having a low environmental impact, with a short atmospheric lifetime of less than 30 days. The inert gas may be nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon, neon or helium or mixtures of any two or more of them. The suppressant and the inert gas are fed under pressure to an output unit (34) comprising a mixing chamber in which the liquid and the gas impinge to produce a mist of the liquid suppressant of very small droplet size which is entrained in the pressurised gas together with vapour from the liquid, the so-entrained mist and vapour and the gas being discharged by a nozzle (44) into an area to be protected. The mist and vapour are therefore carried by the entraining and transporting high pressure gas into regions of the areas to be protected, enabling a total flooding capability.

Abstract: The invention relates to a stain release and repellant fabric conditioner comprising a repel type fluorochemical and/or siloxane, a release type fluorochemical and/or siloxane, and a performance extender.

Abstract: A ferrite magnetic powder for bond magnet that experiences only small decrease in coercivity when molded into a bond magnet is provided, which is a ferrite magnetic powder that includes an alkaline-earth metal constituent and exhibits a decrease in coercivity of not greater than 600 Oe when subjected to a prescribed molding test. The magnetic powder can be obtained by mixing a fine ferrite powder of an average particle diameter of greater than 0.50 to 1.0 ?m and a coarse ferrite powder of an average particle diameter of greater than 2.50 to 5.0 ?m at ratio to incorporate the fine powder at a content ratio of 15-40 wt %.

Abstract: A SiC-hexagonal ferrite type ceramic composite electromagnetic wave absorber for a high-frequency band, the electromagnetic wave absorber characterized by being composed of a composite sintered product of a hexagonal ferrite and SiC. The electromagnetic wave absorber is produced by a method including the steps of incorporating 1 to 5 percent by weight of SiC powder or fiber into a hexagonal ferrite together with a sintering additive, followed by molding and, thereafter, conducting sintering at 700° C. to 900° C., or a method including the steps of incorporating 1 to 5 percent by weight of curing-treated SiC precursor into a hexagonal ferrite, followed by molding and, thereafter, conducting sintering.

Abstract: The piezoelectric ceramic composition of the present invention contains a main component represented by general formula {(1-n)(Ag1-xLix)m(Nb1-yTay)O3-n(M1,M2)M3O3} or {(1-n)(Ag1-xLix)m(Nb1-yTay)O3-nM4M5O3} and x, y, m, and n are defined to be 0.075?x<0.40, 0?y<0.2, 0.98?m?1.0, and 0.01?n?0.1. M1 is a trivalent metal element such as Bi; M2 is a monovalent metal element such as K, Na, Li or Ag; M3 and M5 each are a tetravalent metal element such as Ti, Zr, Sn or Hf; and M4 is a divalent metal element such as Ba, Sr, Ca, or Mg. With this composition, an highly reliable lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition having a high relative dielectric constant and good piezoelectric properties such as electromechanical coupling factor k33 and piezoelectric constant d33 can be provided, and a highly reliable lead-free piezoelectric element can be fabricated using the piezoelectric ceramic composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions for use in refrigeration and air-conditioning systems comprising 1-ethoxy-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane and at least one chlorocarbon, alcohol, ketone, ether, ester, N-(difluoromethyl)-N,N-dimethylamine, or mixtures thereof. Further, the present invention relates to compositions for use in refrigeration and air-conditioning systems employing a centrifugal compressor comprising 1-ethoxy-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane and at least one chlorocarbon, alcohol, ketone, ether, ester, N-(difluoromethyl)-N,N-dimethylamine, or mixtures thereof. The compositions of the present invention may be azeotropic or near-azeotropic and are useful in processes for producing cooling or heat or as heat transfer fluids.

Abstract: A thermal interface material is for being applied to the contact surfaces to eliminate the air interstices between the heat dissipating apparatus and the electronic component in order to improve heat dissipation of the electronic component. The thermal interface material includes pentaerythritol oleate as base oil and fillers filled in the pentaerythritol oleate for improving the heat conductivity of the thermal interface material. The pentaerythritol oleate is used for holding the fillers therein and filling the air interstices to achieve an intimate contact between the heat dissipating apparatus and the electronic component. The fillers include aluminum powders, zinc oxide powders and zinc oxide nano-particles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved antifreeze composition for use in engine cooling systems. The composition of the invention has sustained corrosion inhibiting properties even at relatively low concentrations and when used with hard water. The composition comprises an antifreeze agent, an organic acid, a poly(organic acid), dimercapto thiadiazole, a hard water stabilizer, a phosphate salt, a triazole or thiazole and alkali metal hydroxide.

Abstract: The aqueous polishing composition is useful for polishing semiconductor substrates. The polishing composition includes 0.05 to 50 weight percent abrasive; and 0.001 to 2 weight percent lambda type carrageenan, the lambda type carrageenan having a concentration useful for accelerating TEOS removal rate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a molded article of the enhancing agent having good ignition ability and producing less amount of mist. A molded article of the enhancing agent including (a) 20 to 50 mass % of a fuel including a bitetrazole salt; (b) 40 to 80 mass % of an oxidizing agent; (c) 1 to 20 mass % of a binder.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a chiral compound, and an article utilizing the same, represented by the following structures I-1, I-2, I-3, or 1-4: wherein the chiral compound demonstrates thermochromic temperature insensitivity.

Abstract: The invention discloses a material capable of adjusting light, such as a polymer dispersed liquid crystal emulsion, comprising a liquid crystal, a polymer and a halogen contained non-ionic surfactant. The invention also discloses a polymer dispersed liquid crystal composite film comprising the polymer dispersed liquid crystal emulsion sandwiched between a pair of plates. The driving voltage of the material capable of adjusting light is reduced by means of adding the additives to the liquid crystal.

Abstract: The invention provides a liquid crystal display element and a light-modulating material each containing at least one low molecular weight gelling agent, at least one dichroic dye having a substituent represented by formula (1) and at least one host liquid crystal between a pair of electrodes at least one of which is a transparent electrode. Representations in formula (1) are: Het, O or S; B1 and B2, divalent arylene, heteroarylene or alicyclic hydrocarbon group; Q1, divalent linking group; C1, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, acyl or acyloxy group; j, 0 or 1; p, q and r, an integer 0 to 5; n, an integer 1 to 3; and (p+r)×n is an integer 3 to 10.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal cell that is bistable in operation and comprises a ferroelectric compound having a smectic C phase, arranged between alignment layers of polyamide or polyester. Said compound has the general formula wherein R represents an alkyl group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms or the group each R? represents an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, T is X represents an alkyl or halogen-substituted alkyl group having at least one chiral centre, Y represents a fluorine atom, m has a value of 0, 1 or 2, p has a value of 2, 3 or 4 and n has a value of 10, 11 or 12.

Abstract: Semiconductor nanoparticles having high luminescence properties that are preferable for applications and uses of biotechnology are provided. With the use of electric charges on the surfaces of particles, the particles and selected polymers are allowed to electrostatically bind to each other, such that the surfaces of the particles are coated. The polymers are allowed to crosslink to each other, resulting in the improved durability of the particles. Further, functional groups contained in the polymers are exposed on the surfaces of the particles. Accordingly, semiconductor nanoparticles that are preferably utilized for applications such as staining and labeling of biopolymers have been synthesized.

Abstract: The invention relates to a colloidal dispersion comprising rhabdophane-structured rare-earth phosphate particles (Ln) and a polyphosphate. Said dispersion is prepared by a method consisting in forming a medium comprising at least one type of rare-earth salt and a poly phosphate in such quantities that the P/Ln ratio is equal to or higher than 3, in heating the thus obtained medium and in removing residual salts, thereby obtaining said dispersion. Said invention also relates to a transparent luminescent material which is obtainable from said dispersion and based on the rare-earth phosphate particles and a polyphosphate and whose P/Ln ratio is higher than 1, to a luminescent system comprising said material and to an excitation source.

Abstract: A phosphorescent phosphor having excellent afterglow luminance characteristics, even under low illumination intensity of radiation conditions, compared to conventional strontium aluminate phosphorescent phosphors of the same type, and particularly a phosphorescent phosphor having excellent initial afterglow luminance characteristics, with following requirements: 0.015<Eu/(Sr+Eu+Dy)?0.05, 0.4?Dy/Eu?2, and 2.02?Al/(Sr+Eu+Dy)?2.4.

Abstract: A polycrystalline transparent ceramic article including lutetium is presented. The article includes an oxide with a formula of ABO3, having type A lattice sites and type B lattice sites. The lattice site A may further comprise a plurality of elements, in addition to lutetium. Type B lattice site includes aluminum. An imaging device, a laser assembly, and a scintillator including the lutetium-based article is provided. A method of making the above article is also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of a synthesis gas SG 1. Process for the production of a synthesis gas SG that has an H2/CO ratio of between 1.9 and 2.3 starting from a carbon-containing material that is relatively low in hydrogen, water and electrical energy, in which: Electrolysis of the water is carried out to produce, on the one hand, oxygen, and, on the other hand, hydrogen, A CF current that comprises at least the majority of the carbon contained in the carbon-containing material CF is subjected to a partial oxidation POX with essentially pure oxygen produced by electrolysis, At least a portion of the hydrogen that is produced by electrolysis is added to the CF current upstream and/or downstream from the partial oxidation POX, in such an amount that the H2/CO ratio of the final synthesis gas SG is between 1.9 and 2.3, the carbon-containing material being dried upstream from the POX so that the O2/H2 molar ratio of the POX-supplied oxygen to the added hydrogen is between 0.45 and 0.

Abstract: This invention relates to an intrinsically conducting polymer (ICP), a plastics based electrode and a method for making such an electrode. In particular, the plastics based electrode comprises a plastic strip of cellulose acetate acting as a substrate with a thin coating of intrinsically conducting poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and poly (4-styrnesulphonate) (i.e. PEDOT/PSS) polymer comprising an amount of vinylacetate/ethylene copolymer. The plastics based electrode may be used in apparatus for the detection of dental caries.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide a highly reliable organic functional element such as an organic EL element or an organic semiconductor element exemplified by an organic TFT element which can be manufactured without requiring a vapor deposition process for forming an electrode on an organic material layer. Consequently, such an organic functional element can be large-sized easily and produced at lower cost. In addition, no damage is caused to the organic material layer during formation of the electrode, and the organic functional element is not affected by environmental changes. Also disclosed is a method for manufacturing such an organic functional element. To attain the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides an organic functional element comprising at least a plurality of electrodes and an organic material layer which is characterized in that at least one of the electrodes is composed of a metal having a melting point not higher than a temperature that is higher by 30° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrically conductive adhesive composition having cured low modulus elastomer and metallurgically-bonded micron-sized metal particles and nano-sized metal particles. The low modulus elastomer provides the mechanical robustness and reliability by relieving the stresses generated; and the metallurgically-bonded micron-sized metal particles and nano-sized metal particles provide a continuous conducting path with minimized interface resistance. Addition of nano-sized metal particles lowers the fusion temperature and allows the metallurgical-bonding to occur at manageable temperatures.