Abstract: The present invention discloses a warning information displaying apparatus and method of an electric device which receive a warning signal included in a wireless signal and display the warning signal in the form of a message. The warning information displaying apparatus of the electric device includes a wireless receiving module for receiving a wireless signal including a warning signal through a warning broadcasting channel, a display means for visibly displaying warning information, a storing means for storing warning information corresponding to the warning signal, and a control means for reading the warning information corresponding to the warning signal from the storing means, and displaying the warning information through the display means, when receiving the wireless signal including the warning signal from the wireless receiving module.

Abstract: The inventive method makes it possible to communicate between an order transmitter and a bi-directional order transmitter-receiver for controlling elements which ensure the security or comfort of a building. The transmission of control orders from the order transmitter to the order transmitter-receiver or from said order transmitter-receiver to other elements is carried out by means of frequency modulated radioelectric signals. Said method is characterised in that in a programming mode, the order transmitter-receiver successively activates and interrupts the emission of electric signals traditionally used for communicating in a frequency modulation mode in such a way that it is possible to transmit data to the order transmitter by means of said frequency modulated radioelectric signals.

Abstract: A Networked Digital Audio Amplifier (NDAA) uses a 1394 connection to connect devices to the NDAA in an digital A/V network of devices. The NDAA addresses the audio amplifier needs of the digital A/V network, whereby there is no need for a conventional AV Receiver, entirely. Further, the wiring is much simplified as a result. In addition, unnecessary connections and wiring that are commonly and conventionally used in audio consumer electronics equipment is eliminated.

Abstract: A system determines real-time locations of railcars in a railroad environment. Railcars are equipped with at least four RFID tags. A RFID reader at a fixed location at every track branch in the environment reads the RFID tags. Railcar locations are updated for the railcars by determining the branches on which the railcars are located.

Abstract: A remote controller allowing a user to change settings is provided. The remote controller includes a touch panel, a control circuit, a screen display memory, a setting data memory, a control data memory, an infrared transmission unit, and a battery. The control circuit includes a screen-display control circuit for displaying an image provided in advance for controlling the operation of a specific apparatus, a pressed-area detection circuit for detecting pressing in the display area of touch panel, an instructed-operation detection circuit for detecting the instruction of an operation, a display-data generation circuit for generating image data for displaying icons in the display area of touch panel, and a control-signal generation circuit for generating a signal for controlling the operation of the apparatus.

Abstract: To restrain a communicatable distance from being shortened even when a power source voltage is lowered. A heart beat signal transmission control portion controls a resonance starting oscillation portion to output a start signal in synchronism with a heart beat signal detected by a heart beat signal detecting portion and controls a resonance starting portion to output a biometric information signal in response to the start signal. An element switching portion receives a signal representing a voltage supplied from a battery portion from a voltage detecting portion and instructs the resonance starting oscillation portion to set the start signal to a period in correspondence therewith. The resonance starting oscillation portion outputs the start signal by a period in correspondence with instruction of the element switching portion.

Abstract: A vehicle communication system is provide with a host vehicle two way communication device, an omni-directional antenna, a bi-directional antenna, a vehicle positioning component, a vehicle map component and at least one of a vehicle broadcast power modulating component and a bidirectional antenna aiming component. The vehicle map component includes road data with roads being classified by at least one of a road segment attribute. The vehicle broadcast power modulating component selectively varies broadcast power of the omni-directional antenna and broadcast power of the bi-directional antenna based on a road segment attribute of a road on which the host vehicle is traveling on as determined by the vehicle positioning component. The bi-directional antenna aiming component aims the bi-directional antenna based on at least one of traffic information received by the communication device and the road segment attribute of the road on which the host vehicle is traveling on.

Abstract: A method for identification and registration of a moving object, entering a pre-determined area to be monitored. The identification operation has interaction between the moving object and an area access system associated with the predetermined area and including supplying identification information, while the registration operation is carried out over a wireless communication link to a control center. The method further includes identifying the moving object through a mutual interaction between the moving object and the area access system, the mutual interaction being performed over a wireless short range communication link, preferably a Bluetooth wireless link; and performing the registration operation by establishing a wireless communication link of the long-range type between the moving object and the control center upon activation of the mutual interaction on the wireless short range communication link. Preferred application is safety monitoring of tunnels.

Abstract: A parking assistance system for outputting parking instructions to the driver of a vehicle has a sensor device which is designed for performing a parking space measurement on the basis of parking space limits and generating parking space information on the basis of the parking space measurement; a program-controlled device which calculates the driving trajectory to be traveled on the basis of the parking space information generated and calculates a time to collision and/or a distance to collision, within which the vehicle will presumably collide with one of the parking space limits, from the parking space information generated and the calculated driving trajectory; and a warning signal transducer which generates a warning signal if the calculated period of time is less than a first limit value and/or the calculated distance to collision is less than a second limit value.

Abstract: A parking assistance system includes an imaging apparatus for obtaining image information of surroundings of a vehicle, a displaying apparatus for displaying the image information, a vehicle position calculating device for calculating a vehicle position from the image information, a parking reference detecting device for detecting a parking reference from the image information, a target position setting device for setting a parking target position on the basis of the parking reference, a guiding device for guiding the vehicle to the parking target position and a target position renewing device for renewing the parking target position during the guiding. The parking reference detecting device detects the parking reference every time the vehicle moves under a predetermined condition during the guiding. The target position renewing device renews the parking target position on the basis of a position of the parking reference relative to the vehicle.

Abstract: A parking assist apparatus includes a monitor displaying an image captured by a camera mounted to a vehicle for capturing an image in a moving direction of the vehicle and an assist information output device outputting assist information for assisting a parking operation and displaying the assist information on the monitor, wherein the assist information output device: calculates a locus for guiding the vehicle to a parking position specified on the image displayed on the monitor; sets a target position on the locus for guiding the vehicle to the parking position; outputs guide information corresponding to the target position so as to be displayed on the locus in the image displayed on the monitor; and outputs a navigation mark corresponding to a current position of the vehicle so as to be displayed on the monitor.

Abstract: A vessel tracking system may be used to detect and report an alert condition of a vessel (e.g., an aircraft). A vessel tracking system may monitor one or more travel (e.g., flight) characteristics of a vessel. At least one of the travel characteristics may be compared to one or more normal flight characteristics to assess an alert condition of the vessel. In some embodiments, the alert condition of the vessel may be reported (e.g., visually reported on a display). The alert condition of the vessel may be changed if at least one of the travel characteristics deviates from at least one normal travel characteristic. In certain embodiments, a boundary condition of an alert for the vessel may be modified if at least one of the travel characteristics deviates from at least one normal travel characteristic.

Abstract: Flashing lights powered by a common wild frequency power source (40) are synchronized with respect to flash rate and duration. Each lighthead includes a power supply device (1), which includes a timing signal generator (30) and a synchronization device (5). The timing signal generator (30) includes a precision clock (310), which generates a timing signal to regulate the flashing operation of the corresponding light. The synchronization device recurrently causes the timing signal to be reset in accordance with the wild frequency power source signal. By recurrently resetting the timing signal of each light according to a common wild frequency source, the flashing of the lights can be synchronized without transferring synchronization signals between the lights.

Abstract: Since an abnormality is judged by executing a square calculating process with respect to sin ? and cos ? for detecting an abnormality in an angular resolver, a processing time is elongated, and a burden to a CPU is great. Since the invention prepares a map which can judge whether the combination of sin ? and cos ? is normal or abnormal, and judges by mapping the combination of the detected sin ? and cos ?, a process can be easily executed, a processing speed is high, and a burden to the CPU can be reduced. Further, an assist can be maintained by controlling a motor by a rectangular wave current by detecting a rotation angle signal at low resolution level, such as Hall sensors arranged around the motor.

Abstract: A video processing method and apparatus to employing an analog user interface and a digital video decoder. A working mode is provided, according to which analog control signals from the analog user interface are selectively directed to an analog-to-digital converter. The analog control signal is converted to digital control signal to accordingly control the digital video decoder.

Abstract: A photosensor module is composed of a light-receiving element module accommodating a light-receiving element, and a light-emitting element module accommodating a light-emitting element, which modules are separate, paired components. One of the paired light-receiving element module and light-emitting element module is mounted on a printed circuit board of a board unit, which is fixed to an end surface of a motor. After a code wheel is attached and fixed to the motor shaft along the axial direction of the motor shaft, a generally L-shaped module holder, which accommodates the other of the paired light-receiving element module and light-emitting element module, is mounted to the board unit. Thus, the light-emitting element and the light-receiving element are positioned such that these elements face each other via the optical modulation track portion of the code wheel.

Abstract: A device for digital treatment of audio signals, especially for treating patients with audiophonatory disorders. The device includes an analog audiofrequency signal input, an analog-digital encoder, an envelope detector, a digital limiter, a multiplier, a synthesizer, and a digital-analog converter.

Abstract: An encoding and decoding apparatus is provided. In a coding process, a relation between a matching length and a matching-length code is dynamically changed in order to independently switch the matching length that can be expressed by the matching-length code from one value to another. By using a slide window in a data buffer as a dictionary, a character-string searching section searches for a state of matching a character sub-string in input data. A matching-length extension table is used for storing relations between matching lengths and matching-length codes as relations dependent on an internal state stored in an internal-state holding section. A matching-length coding section refers to the matching-length extension table in order to dynamically determine a relation between a matching length and a matching-length code as a relation dependent on an internal state.

Abstract: A method divides a number N1 by a number which can be written in the form 2n/k, n and k being whole numbers, and obtains a result N2. The result N2 is calculated by adding terms N1*Ki/2n-i for i ranging from 0 to N, the terms Ki being the constituent bits K0, K1, K2, . . . KN-1 of the number k expressed in binary. The method can be applied particularly to the production of a calibration circuit for calibrating a clock signal in a UHF transponder.

Abstract: A transmission system and method may be provided. The transmission system may transmit 2-bit data for each transmission line set and each transmission line set may include first, second and/or third transmission lines arranged in order. The first, second and/or third transmission lines may respectively transmit first, second and/or third signals each having one of first, second and/or third values such that a combination of a first electric field between the first and second transmission lines and a second electric field between the second and third transmission lines may be made depending on a logic state of the 2-bit data. The transmission system may transmit differential signals using a smaller number of transmission lines and the transmission system may transmit a larger number of signals in the same circuit area.

Abstract: Digital filtering and sample rate conversion blocks are combined in order to reduce hardware and/or computational complexity. A novel filter design is used to perform sample rate conversion. The filter may be combined with another digital filter. Two embodiments may be used to achieve this function. In a first embodiment, the filter may be clocked at a first (i.e., input) data rate (i.e., before rate conversion). In a second embodiment, the filter may be clocked at the second (i.e., output) data rate (i.e., after rate conversion). In both cases, the filter's basic structure remains essentially the same, but some extra terms are added to handle the rate conversion. The present application is directed toward a sample-rate conversion filter using the output data rate clock as the filter clock.

Abstract: Digital filtering and sample rate conversion blocks are combined in order to reduce hardware and/or computational complexity. Input data samples provided at a first sample rate are converted to output data samples at a second sample rate unequal to the first sample rate. An Infinite Impulse Response filter having internal states are updated at the first sample rate filters the input data samples in, to produce filtered data samples at the first sample rate. Output data samples are output at the second sample rate, where each output data sample is created as the sum of at least two intermediate products, a first intermediate product and a second intermediate product.

Abstract: Circuitry for facilitating the use of the memory elements in the look-up tables (“LUTs”) of a field programmable gate array (“FPGA”) as user-accessible, distributed RAM. For example, a register associated with a LUT and that is not needed in the read data path in user RAM mode can be used to register data for writing in user RAM mode. As another example, an otherwise unneeded register associated with a LUT can be used to provide a synchronous read address signal for user RAM mode. Several other features are shown for similarly facilitating user RAM mode with minimal (if any) additional circuitry being required in the FPGA.

Abstract: A signal processing method includes receiving a digital signal includes a plurality of samples associated with a plurality of original sampling times, wherein the original sampling times have a period of T; generating, based on the digital signal, a nominal phase shifted signal having a plurality of nominal phase shifted samples associated with a plurality of phase shifted sampling times, wherein the plurality of phase shifted sampling times correspond to fractional intervals of the original sampling times; and generating a compensated signal based at least in part on the digital signal and the nominal phase shifted signal. A signal processing system includes a receiving terminal configured to receive a digital signal comprising a plurality of samples associated with a plurality of original sampling times, wherein the original sampling times have a period of T, and a compensation module coupled to the receiving terminal.

Abstract: An interpolation apparatus in an encoder includes an analog-to-digital converter for digitizing a sine wave signal and a cosine wave signal, respectively. An amplitude level detecting circuit detects each amplitude level of the digitized sine wave signal and cosine wave signal. A computing circuit multiplies the amplitude level of one of the signal by an interpolation position parameter according to a tangent value at an interpolation position. A comparing circuit compares an output from the computing circuit to an output from the amplitude level detecting circuit. The comparison is made at every the interpolation position. A region detecting circuit identifies a region sectionalized by the interpolation positions adjacent to each other based on an output from the comparing circuit corresponding to each the interpolation position. The phase angle of the sine wave signal and the cosine wave signal exists in the region.

Abstract: The present invention provides for background calibration of a time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter (TIADC). In one embodiment, a background calibrator includes a TIADC having a parallel array of time-interleaved main signal processors, each main signal processor including an ADC connected to a corresponding output FIR filter. The background calibrator also includes an auxiliary signal processor having an ADC connected to at least one corresponding output FIR filter. Additionally, the background calibrator further includes a timing calibration circuit, wherein the timing calibration circuit is configured to select one of the main signal processors, exchange the auxiliary signal processor with the selected main signal processor in the TIADC and connect the selected main signal processor to the timing calibration circuit. In an alternative embodiment, the timing calibration circuit is further configured to reduce a timing mismatch of the selected main signal processor.

Abstract: One apparatus includes an array of current sources, a digital memory, and a calibration circuit. The digital memory is configured to store one set of digital calibration values for each of the current sources and to apply each stored set of digital calibration values to the corresponding current source to set the output current of the corresponding output current source. The calibration circuit is configured to update each set of digital calibration values in the memory in a manner that reduces mismatches between output currents of different ones of the current sources.

Abstract: A high-speed digital multiplexer is disclosed, The multiplexer includes a plurality of input pins for receiving a plurality of digital input signals ad switching circuitry coupled to the input pins. The switching circuitry has respective outputs coupled to a common node and is operative to enable a selected one of the plurality of input pins, The multiplexer further includes a local signal converter having a circuit branch set to a common voltage. The branch is connected to the common node to sense changes in current corresponding to an input signal received by an enabled input pin. An output pin is coupled to the local signal converter, whereby the local signal converter is operative to produce voltage changes at the output corresponding to the sensed current changes.

Abstract: A signal processing circuit includes an auto gain control circuit and amplifies a signal with an amplification ratio determined based on a synchronous signal level having a positive potential with respect to a black level included in a high definition television video signal. In consequence, during the processing of the high definition television video signal, the signal processing is performed with a desired amplification ratio.

Abstract: Digital to Analog Conversion and sample conversion blocks are combined in order to reduce hardware and/or computational complexity. A novel DSM design is used to perform sample rate conversion. The DSM may also be used to perform other digital filtering functions, thus providing a single hardware/software technique to perform both functions. The invention includes a method and apparatus for converting input data samples provided at a first sample rate to an analog output signal. Input data samples are converted by a Delta Sigma Modulator (DSM) in a Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) to output data samples, where internal states of the DSM are updated at a second sample rate unequal to the first sample rate. At least one internal state of the DSM s modified to account for the time difference in response to a new input sample arriving at a time different from an update of the internal states of the DSM.

Abstract: A digital-to-analog converting system for producing an interleaved analog signal with enhanced bandwidth includes a first digital-to-analog converter for receiving a first digital data stream and converting the first digital data stream to a first analog signal and a second digital-to-analog converter for receiving a second digital data stream and converting the second digital data stream to a second analog signal. The digital-to-analog converting system is clocked by a clock signal having a clock period, and further includes first timing circuitry for receiving the first analog signal and outputting the first analog signal for a first half of the clock period and second timing circuitry for receiving the second analog signal and outputting the second analog signal for a second half of the clock period to produce the interleaved analog signal.

Abstract: A multi-reference voltage generator includes an interface controller, a first bank of N m-bit registers and a second bank of N m-bit registers. A first multiplexer has inputs connected to outputs of the first and second bank of registers. An m-bit digital-to-analog (DAC) has an m-bit parallel input connected to an output of the first multiplexer. An analog demultiplexer has an input connected to an analog output of the m-bit DAC. Each sample-and-hold circuit in a first group of N sample-and-hold (S/H) circuits is connected to a corresponding output of the analog demultiplexer. Similarly, each S/H circuit in a second group of N S/H circuits is connected to a corresponding output of the analog demultiplexer. N further multiplexers each have a first input connected to an output of a corresponding one of the S/H circuits in the first group and a second input connected to an output of a corresponding one of the S/H circuits in the second group.

Abstract: Systems and techniques for converting an analog input signal to a digital code are described. A system includes a differential stage to produce a sign bit indicative of a sign of the analog input signal and to generate a first analog signal that is approximately equal to an absolute value of the analog input signal. The system also includes an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to convert the first analog signal to a second digital code representing a magnitude of the analog input signal and a controller to combine the second digital code and the sign bit to produce a first digital code.

Abstract: An implantable medical device including a sampling scheme to obtain digital representation from analog signals is disclosed. The analog signals represent intracardiac activity. Generally, a detector detects the amplitude of the analog signals and generates first and second difference signals. The first difference signal is generated after detection of significant changes in the analog signal amplitude. The second difference signal is generated upon confirmation of the absence of significant changes in the analog signal amplitude over a predetermined period of time. A frequency selection is implemented to select the sampling frequency based on the first and second difference signal.

Abstract: A display driving apparatus and method adjusts output gray voltage levels applied to a display driving apparatus that converts input data into a corresponding output voltage and displays an image. The driving method includes generating a plurality of gray voltages N times more than the number of output gray voltages representing voltages between a maximum value and a minimum value of the output voltage required to represent the input data as the image; selecting a plurality of output gray voltages required to represent the image, from among the gray voltages N times more than the output gray levels, in response to a selection signal; and decoding the input data using the selected output gray voltages and generating the output voltage. The display driving apparatus and method reduce distortion of an output image without increasing the size of the entire circuit.

Abstract: An analog-to-digital converter includes a track hold circuit, a reference voltage generating circuit, a switched capacitor circuit, a preamplifier that amplifies a voltage held by the switched capacitor circuit, a comparator that generates a logic level corresponding to an output from the preamplifier, and an encoder that converts the logic level into a binary code (n-bit digital output). If capacitors constituting the switched capacitor circuit are charged and the charges in these capacitors then vary, each capacitor is recharged by an amount corresponding to the particular variation.

Abstract: An analog-to-digital converter includes a track-and-hold circuit, a constant-voltage source, a threshold voltage selection circuit, a first comparator to a seventh comparator, an encoder, and a reference voltage output circuit. In a correction mode where the offsets of the first to seventh comparators are to be corrected, a track-and-hold circuit shuts off the input of an analog voltage to the first to seventh comparators by turning off the track-hold switch.

Abstract: A remote control device of the present invention is equipped with a plurality of direction keys corresponding to a plurality of switches equally divided in a main body portion of the device. Moreover, in a case where the respective direction keys are individually operated, data in response to the operated direction key is transmitted from a light emitting section. In a case where one of the plurality of direction keys is operated simultaneously with one direction key adjacent to the direction key, data corresponding to a direction key disposed between the direction keys is transmitted.

Abstract: An encoding circuit is disclosed which comprises: a data-for-encoding storing register that stores n-bit data for encoding; a data-for-calculation storing register that stores m-bit data for calculation generated by shifting the data for encoding; a shifter that shifts the data for encoding stored in the data-for-encoding storing register, and shifts and inputs the shifted data into the data-for-calculation storing register; a first coefficient register that stores m-bit first coefficient data indicating a first coefficient for executing encoding; a first logic circuit that is inputted with the data for calculation stored in the data-for-calculation storing register and the first coefficient data stored in the first coefficient register and outputs the logical product for each bit of the data for calculation and the first coefficient data; and a second logic circuit that is inputted with m-bit data outputted from the first logic circuit and outputs the exclusive logical sum of the m-bit data as the encoded da

Abstract: An avionics system including a radar system being capable of automatically tracking a radar target, an optical image producing system, a radar monitor, an optical image monitor, a decision support unit having a connection to the radar system and to the optical image producing system, and an input/output unit for entering one or more decision parameters. The decision support unit is connected to the input/output unit. During a flight mission the decision support unit receives one or more automatic radar tracking parameters from the radar system, uses the decision parameters on the radar tracking parameters to decide upon which radar target(s) to be subjected to observation by the optical image producing system.

Abstract: In an obstacle detecting control device installed in a vehicle body and includes a millimeter-wave radar detecting an obstacle in front of the vehicle and an operation control portion controlling a bake device and seatbelt pre-tensioner according to detection results of the obstacle by the radar, there are provided a detection frequency determining portion determining that a detection frequency of obstacle by the radar within a specified period of time exceeds a first frequency, an excessive frequency determining portion determining that a frequency of the above determination by the detection frequency determining portion exceeds a second frequency, and an indication portion and a warning buzzer to warn a passenger of a change of radar axis of the radar when the above determination by the excessive frequency determining portion is made.

Abstract: A method transforms an image from polar coordinates into Cartesian coordinates. Therefore, the target image in Cartesian coordinates is subdivided into triangles defined by the vertices given in Cartesian coordinates. The respective polar coordinates are coded into attributes and these attributes are attached to each vertex. The attributes of any coordinates within the triangle are calculated by performing a bilinear interpolation on a graphics card and the polar coordinates are calculated from these attributes. Finally, the characteristics of the coordinates of the image in polar coordinates are transferred to the corresponding coordinates of the target image given in Cartesian coordinates. A method also consistently displays single ore multiple radar scan images with additional geographical data in one display plane. These methods may be performed by a computer program and implemented in a radar scan converter.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting emitter movement. The method and apparatus generally include acquiring a measured signal characteristic corresponding to a signal emitted from an emitter, estimating a signal characteristic corresponding to the signal, and comparing the measured and estimated signal characteristics to determine if the emitter is moving. Such a configuration enables a rapid and accurate detection of emitter movement without requiring multiple measurements, complex systems, or time-consuming calculations.

Abstract: A position data exchange system comprises first and second mobile communication devices. The first communication device retrieves current coordinates of itself from a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver and transmits the coordinates through a wireless communication channel from which the second communication device receives the coordinates. The second communication device displays data concerning the current location of the first communication device according to the coordinates and further provides navigation.

Abstract: A mobile wireless system (10) for displaying real-time content or advertising based on location is set forth. Communication signals (200) are broadcast from various communication devices (18), (33), (34A) that include a marker (204). Various location-specific content signals (230) are broadcast that have location information (232) therein. Advertising data (234) or other real-time content may be included with the location-specific signals. The advertising data (234) or real-time content is displayed in place of other real-time or broadcast signals when the location of the receiving device is within the area defined by the location information broadcast with the advertising a real-time content signal.

Abstract: An antenna system electronically searches for a satellite signal by beginning at the current pointing angle of an antenna. The antenna system sweeps a tuner frequency of the receiver by electronically commanding the receiver to tune to different transponder frequencies. By scanning through transponder frequencies, the antenna system can locate a satellite signal without mechanical movement. As a result, the satellite signal can be acquired more quickly than in some conventional systems.

Abstract: This invention relates to reducing the complexity and cost of antenna arrays and is more specifically concerned with reducing the complexity of an antenna apparatus (10). It provides an antenna array (62) made up of a vertical stack of horizontal linear structures (74) each having several groups of neighbouring array antenna elements (78), the groups (74) having variable numbers of the antenna elements (78) each connected to a transmit/receive module (66). The advantage of this configuration is that less communication modules (66), such as transmit/receive modules, are required to operate the antenna array (62), reducing the weight, power consumption and cost of an antenna apparatus (10) incorporating such an antenna array (62) without significantly limiting the capability and/or performance of a system compared to a conventional solution.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing geolocation ambiguity in signal tracking. The method and apparatus generally include acquiring a first and a second set of geolocations and comparing the sets to reduce ambiguous geolocations. Such a configuration enables accurate and rapid geolocation determination without requiring complex and time-consuming direction finding devices and methods.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and apparatus for signal tracking utilizing a universal algorithm. The method and apparatus generally include acquiring a signal measurement corresponding to a signal emitted from an emitter, forming a measurement matrix utilizing the acquired signal measurement, and applying the measurement matrix to a recursive filter to determine a velocity and/or geolocation of the signal emitter. Such a configuration enables velocities and geolocations to be determined utilizing any signal measurement or combination of signal measurements to eliminate the need to rely on a particular static combination of signal measurements.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dielectric antenna comprising a substrate of a dielectric material and with a feed line on a front face of the substrate and a ground metalization on a rear face of the substrate, which ground metalization extends up to the front face of the substrate. These dielectric antennae can be designed for application in different frequency bands, for example GSM 900, GSM-PCS, GSM-PCS, UMTS, CDMA and Bluetooth.