Abstract: An optical module includes a lens holder having at least one lens, a housing having a mounting surface, and an image sensor unit. The lens holder a peripheral edge on its side facing the housing in the assembled state, which is insertable into a corresponding groove located in the mounting surface of the housing. A method for assembling an optical module including components made up of a lens holder having at least one lens, a housing having a mounting surface, and an image sensor unit.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical solar collector, in which a couple of opposite spherical or aspheric reflectors coated with specular coating are set upon the optical circuit; wherein the smaller spherical or aspheric reflector is built upon the front of the bigger spherical or aspheric reflector oppositely, and a through-hole is built upon the center of the bigger spherical or aspheric reflector for passing through the light reflected by the smaller spherical or aspheric reflector, and an optical concentrator is located behind the bigger spherical or aspheric reflector aiming to the through-hole to construct an optical system; in said optical system, an aspheric flattening lens is set upon the forest of the optical circuit; said aspheric flattening lens is coated with reflection reducing coating on the surface.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical solar collector, in which a spherical or aspheric reflector coated with specular coating is set upon the optical circuit; on the other hand, an optical concentrator is built upon the front of the spherical or aspheric reflector oppositely and directly. Due to applying above-mentioned structure, like building up spherical or aspheric reflector on the optical circuit cooperating to an optical concentrator to construct an optical collecting system, so tile solar energy can be focused on said optical concentrator through the reflecting by said spherical or aspheric reflector, meanwhile the reflecting coatings coated on the surfaces of said spherical or aspheric reflectors can reflect the useful part of the solar light to the optical concentrator, but not the harmful part (such like ultraviolet below 400 nm in wavelength) absorbed completely by it, further to transfer it into disposable energy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mirror and mirror system which can be used in connection with large vehicles, such as school buses, to provide the driver of such vehicles with the ability to view the entire side of the vehicle. While such vehicles currently include side view mirrors attached to the front of the vehicle, these mirrors contain blind spots, such as the area immediately in front of the rear wheel of the vehicle. The current invention overcomes such blind spots by attaching a second mirror to the rear portion of the vehicle that provides a forward view from the rear of the vehicle, including a view of such blind spots. Such front and rear mirrors may be aligned so that the view of the rear mirror is portrayed within the view of the front mirror. As such, the present invention provides the driver with a complete view of the passenger side of the vehicle.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a spatial light modulator. The method includes providing a first substrate having a mirror layer, the mirror layer having an upper surface and a lower surface. The method also includes forming a standoff structure from the first substrate, the standoff structure having an integrated surface coupled to the lower surface of the mirror layer and a bonding surface opposite the integrated surface. The standoff structure includes a centrally located base section extending from the integrated surface to the bonding surface along a first axis and a plurality of lateral extension arms extending from the base section along a second axis orthogonal to the first axis. The method further includes providing a second substrate having a bonding surface and a support surface, joining the bonding surface of the standoff structure to the bonding surface of the second substrate, and releasing a portion of the first substrate to form a torsion spring hinge coplanar with the mirror layer.

Abstract: A method for preventing data loss in a hard disk drive by projecting reduction in gas concentration using insitu non-repeatable runout is disclosed. The method includes using servo tracking error to obtain a measured value of insitu non-repeatable runout (NRRO) for the hard disk drive, the hard disk drive having been filled with the gas and hermetically sealed. The measured value of NRRO is then deconvolved into a plurality of values for flow induced NRRO components. These values of NRRO and of flow induced NRRO components are compared to predetermined limiting values and a time when one of the predetermined limiting values will be reached is predicted. Action is then applied as appropriate.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for controlling a motor which compensates for a mechanical tolerance of the motor in a case where a feedback sampling frequency increases in order to more precisely control a brushless DC motor. The apparatus for compensating the mechanical tolerance of the brushless DC motor includes: a speed controller calculating a speed error that is a difference between a motor speed measured in control sections and a reference speed using a back electromotive force generated by the motor, and generating a motor control input signal using the speed error of the control section; a moving average calculator calculating a moving average value of the motor control input signals in a predetermined moving average section including recently generated motor control input signal whenever the motor control input signals are generated; and a motor driver generating an electric current for driving the motor corresponding to the moving average value.

Abstract: A hard disk drive, its use and production are described. A read/write disk stores digital data. A spindle motor supports the read/write disk for controlled rotation thereof. A head arrangement moves to selectively access the read/write disk in a data access mode and moves to a parked position. A dedicated input is receives a first sensor related input signal. A processing arrangement executes the data access mode by cooperatively controlling the spindle motor and the head arrangement, monitoring the sensor related input signal for a predetermined characteristic thereof, and responsive to detection of the characteristic, at least moves the head arrangement to the parked position. A hard disk drive multi-sensor group, monitoring technique and interface are described.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for improving the capacity of a hard disk drive is provided. In one embodiment, a portion of timing information is written to a first disk prior to coupling the first disk with a hard disk drive. The first disk is then coupled with the hard disk drive having a read element aligned with a write element on a head portion of a head gimbal assembly. The timing information is then provided to the read element during a writing of a set of servo track information on the disk, wherein the portion of timing information allows the read element to be aligned with the write element on the head during the writing of the set of servo track information.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an electronic drop protection system of external hard-disk box that comprises a first tilt sensor for sensing tilt in a first direction, a second tilt sensor for sensing tilt in a second direction, a external interface for connecting external system, a hard-disk, and a hard-disk bridge module for connecting the hard-disk and the external interface. After receiving tilt notification from the first tilt sensor and/or the second tilt sensor, the bridge module issues a park command to the hard-disk to park the read/write head to safe position in order to prevent collision with the hard-disk.

Abstract: An apparatus and associated method for preconditioning an elastomeric stop member to create a stabilized reference position for a moveable member by repetitively biasing the moveable member against the stop member and using the stabilized reference position to initiate a writing of servo data by the moveable member to a storage surface.

Abstract: A storage apparatus having protection function and a protection system of the storage apparatus are disclosed. The storage apparatus having protection function comprises a storage apparatus main body, a read/write component, an acceleration sensor and a controller. The read/write component can perform data read/write action to the storage apparatus main body. A move acceleration of the storage apparatus can be sensed by the acceleration sensor to generate a sensing result. The read/write component is controlled by the controller to return to an initial position, so as to protect the storage apparatus.

Abstract: A robotic unit with a picker (18) serves for handling data media in a storage device. The robotic unit can be traversed with a base plate (24) on a guide bar (16). On the base plate (24) a rotary plate (28) is disposed which can be turned about a vertical axis. On the rotary plate (28) two motors (52, 56) are disposed, each of which causes, via a toothed wheel drive, the translational and the turning movement of the robotic unit. The toothed wheel drives (48, 50, 54, 58) are disposed in a common plane in an indented recess (46) of the base plate (24).

Abstract: In an embodiment of the present invention, at least one mechanical fastener is used to mount a voice coil magnet assembly of a hard disk drive on a housing of the hard disk drive. A layer of a material having a low friction coefficient is disposed between the housing and the voice coil magnet assembly.

Abstract: In a low-profile disk drive device, the hard-disk carrying face of the spindle motor hub is finished to leave a spiral-patterned cutting track. Leaving the spiral-patterned cutting track increases the roughness of the carrying face, but seen in terms of the cutting-track hill portions themselves the surface unevenness is reduced. Because the disk is supported on the hill portions, warpage in the disk is attenuated.

Abstract: A heat-assisted magnetic recording head (HAMR) head includes a magnetic recording head including a recording pole for applying a magnetic recording field on a magnetic recording medium and a return pole magnetically connected to the recording pole to form a magnetic path, a light source for emitting light, and an optical transmission module including an photonic crystal waveguide disposed at a side of the magnetic recording head to guide light incident from the light source and a nano aperture for enhancing an optical field by varying an intensity distribution of the light guided through the photonic crystal waveguide.

Abstract: A magnetic head has an opposite face opposite to a magnetic disk, a main pole having a distal end face and an inclined face exposed to the opposite face, and a shield yoke extended substantially facing the opposite face. An end face on which the shield yoke is opposite to the main pole via a gap is inclined substantially in parallel to the inclined face of the main pole.

Abstract: A heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) head and manufacturing method are provided. The HAMR head is mounted on a slider having an air-bearing surface (ABS) and includes a substrate; a recording unit formed on the substrate and having a stepped end; a waveguide located in a space formed by the stepped end; and a near field light emission (NFE) pole located adjacent to the recording unit and having an end located on a same plane as the ABS. The method includes forming a cladding layer on a substrate; forming a first metal layer on the cladding layer; etching a part of the first metal layer; forming a core layer on the etched region; forming a refraction part in a part of the core layer; forming a second metal layer the first metal layer and the core layer; and forming a recording unit on the second metal layer.

Abstract: A method of designing a patterned magnetic recording medium including a magnetic film with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy which is patterned into dots form includes steps of setting values to dot pattern periods Px and Py, a thickness “t”, a thermal stability factor Kn, a minimum inter-dot spacing S0, and a maximum recording field Hm, setting an initial value of a saturation magnetization Ms, finding a nucleation field for magnetization reversal Hn and estimating a coercivity Hc and a saturation field Hs, and repeating the steps given above so as to make the saturation field Hs lower than the maximum recording field Hm, thereby determining the magnetic properties is Ms. Hn and Hc satisfying a desired condition.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprising a non-magnetic support, at least one primer layer formed on one surface of the non-magnetic support, comprising a non-magnetic powder and a binder resin, at least one magnetic layer formed on the primer layer, comprising a magnetic powder and a binder resin, and a back layer formed on the other surface of the non-magnetic support, wherein the magnetic powder contained in the uppermost layer of the magnetic layer is a rare earth metal-iron type magnetic powder of substantially spherical or ellipsoidal particles comprising a rare earth element and iron or a transition metal which comprises iron, and has a number average particle size of 5 to 50 nm and an average axis ratio of 1 to 2, and the total thickness of the magnetic recording medium is less than 6 ?m. This magnetic recording medium can achieve an excellent block error rate, which cannot be realized with magnetic recording media comprising conventional acicular magnetic powders.

Abstract: An assembly, apparatus and method for fabricating a structural element of a hard disk drive air bearing. The method and apparatus provide an improved protective layer, an improved structural element consisting of a single layer of structural material, and a method consisting of applying the improved protective layer, applying a uniform layer of structural material, applying a resist layer, etching the structural material layer, and removing the resist layer.

Abstract: An air bearing surface (ABS) for a head assembly for a data storage device is described. The ABS includes a member, comprising a first extended region and a second extended region, wherein these two regions define a channel. This channel is open to the leading edge (LE) of the ABS, and is configured so as to allow air to flow along the channel toward the trailing edge (TE) of the ABS. As a result, the pressure of the air flowing along the channel does not experience significant fluctuations in pressure until approaching the trailing edge.

Abstract: A suspension load beam for use in supporting a transducer head in a data storage system includes a front beam section, a rear beam section, and a middle beam section. The front beam section is configured to connect to a slider assembly carrying a transducer head. The rear beam section is configured to connect to an actuator arm. The middle beam section is located between the front beam section and the rear beam section. The middle beam section comprises a top thermal insulation layer, a bottom thermal insulation layer and a rigid layer between the top and bottom thermal insulation layers.

Abstract: A suspension assembly of an actuator of a hard disk drive prevents collisions with a data storage disk of the drive. The suspension assembly includes a load beam, a bracket having a rear end at which the bracket is coupled to the load beam and a flexure, a slider that is attached to the bracket and carries the read/write head of the hard disk drive, and a limiting mechanism capable of selectively attaching and detaching a respective portion of the bracket to and from the load beam during operation. The load beam has a dimple projecting toward the bracket and which normally contacts a first surface of the bracket. The slider is attached to a second surface of the bracket opposite the first surface. The limiting mechanism attaches a portion of the bracket bearing the slider to the load beam when the read/write head is unloaded from the disk. Therefore, the wobbling of the slider is suppressed during the unloading operation.

Abstract: A method and system for utilizing flexible members to reduce an operational disturbance between a slider and a flexure nose portion of a head gimbal assembly is disclosed. The method provides a slider coupled with a gimbal structure of the head gimbal assembly, the slider having a read/write head element with lead terminals thereon. The method further provides a flexure nose portion coupled with the gimbal structure. A gimbal window is provided in a stainless steel layer, the gimbal window located between the slider and the flexure nose portion on the gimbal structure. A flexible member is utilized at the gimbal window for coupling the slider and the gimbal structure, the flexible member for reducing an operational disturbance passed from the slider to the flexure nose portion of the gimbal structure.

Abstract: A rotary actuator motor is provided including a stationary coil section and a rotating magnet. The magnet is incorporated with the pivot bearing assembly, and the coil section is aligned with the magnet along an axis of rotation of the actuator. The magnet fully encircles the axis of rotation. The coil comprises one or more closed loops of electrically conductive material. The motor in this arrangement maintains a much smaller profile in comparison to a traditional voice coil motor that is mounted to a yoke extending away from the axis of rotation of the actuator.

Abstract: A head slider for a hard disk drive is disclosed. The slider includes an operation device associated with a read/write head and adapted to change the flying height between the read/write head and a disk in relation to temperature. The operation device may be formed from a material that expands and contracts in relation to temperature in order to change the flying height, or a material that undergoes bending deformation in relation to temperature in order to change the flying height.

Abstract: A method for preventing electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage in the head-suspension assembly (HSA) construction process. The method includes the use of a novel GMR magnetic recording head on a conductive slider substrate, the GMR head being electrically connected to the substrate and its conducting leads having balanced resistances between the leads and the substrate. By establishing an electrical connection between the GMR head and the slider substrate, the entire HSA can be grounded during its construction. By also grounding any nearby conducting elements that could inadvertently contact the HSA or its parts, no accumulated tribocharges can discharge through the sensitive GMR sensor element.

Abstract: A method for preventing electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage in the head-suspension assembly (HSA) construction process. The method uses a novel GMR magnetic recording head on a conductive slider substrate, the GMR head being electrically connected to the substrate and its conducting leads having balanced resistances between the leads and the substrate. By establishing an electrical connection between the GMR head and the slider substrate, the entire HSA can be grounded during its construction. By also grounding any nearby conducting elements that could inadvertently contact the HSA or its parts, no accumulated tribocharges can discharge through the sensitive GMR sensor element.

Abstract: A bottom spin-valve GMR sensor has been fabricated that has ultra-thin layers of high density and smoothness. In addition, these layers are inherently furnished with sub-monolayer thick oxygen surfactant layers. The sensor is fabricated using a method in which the layers are sputtered in a mixture of Ar and O2. A particularly novel feature of the method is the use of a sputtering chamber with an ultra-low base pressure and correspondingly ultra-low pressure mixtures of Ar and O2 sputtering gas (<0.5 millitorr) in which the admixed oxygen has a partial pressure of less than 5×10?9 torr.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive effect element includes a magnetoresistive effect film including a magnetization pinned layer, a magnetization free layer, and an intermediate layer interposed therebetween and having a magnetic region and a nonmagnetic region whose electrical resistance is higher than the magnetic region. A sense current is passed to the magnetoresistive effect film in a direction substantially perpendicular to the film plane thereof. The magnetic region of the intermediate layer penetrates the nonmagnetic region locally and extends in the direction substantially perpendicular to the film plane. The nonmagnetic region contains a nonmagnetic metallic element having a larger surface energy than a magnetic metallic element contained in the magnetic region.

Abstract: A method and system for providing a magnetic element that can be used in a magnetic memory is disclosed. The magnetic element includes pinned, nonmagnetic spacer, and free layers. The spacer layer resides between the pinned and free layers. The free layer can be switched using spin transfer when a write current is passed through the magnetic element. The magnetic element may also include a barrier layer, a second pinned layer. Alternatively, second pinned and second spacer layers and a second free layer magnetostatically coupled to the free layer are included. In one aspect, the free layer(s) include ferromagnetic material(s) diluted with nonmagnetic material(s) and/or ferrimagnetically doped to provide low saturation magnetization(s).

Abstract: Methods (300, 400) and apparatus (46, 416, 470) are provided for sensing physical parameters. The apparatus (46, 416, 470) comprises a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) (32, 432), a magnetic field source (MFS) (34, 445, 476) whose magnetic field (35) overlaps the MTJ (32, 432) and a moveable magnetic cladding element (33, 448, 478) whose proximity (43, 462, 479, 479?) to the MFS (34, 445, 476) varies in response to an input to the sensor. The MFS (34, 445, 476) is located between the cladding element (33, 448, 478) and the MTJ (32, 432). Motion (41, 41?, 41-1, 464, 477) of the cladding element (33, 448, 478) relative to the MFS (34, 445, 476) in response to sensor input causes the magnetic field (35) at the MTJ (32, 432) to change, thereby changing the electrical properties of the MTJ (32, 432). A one-to-one correspondence (54) between the sensor input and the electrical properties of the MTJ (32, 432) is obtained.

Abstract: A LED-based lamp apparatus includes a LED unit having multiple LEDs connected in series, a step-up circuit for stepping up a power supply voltage by a switching action of a switching element to supply an electric current to the LED unit, a sensing element for measuring a value of the current, and a controlling element connected in series with the LED unit to control the current based on the measured current value. When some of the LEDs of the LED unit are broken and short-circuited due to, for example, long-term use, the current increases instantaneously and an overcurrent condition occurs. In this case, the controlling element limits the current immediately to correct the overcurrent condition. Thus, the controlling element prevents the overcurrent condition from causing a secondary failure to normal LEDs of the LED unit.

Abstract: There is provided a method of operating a wind power installation. Under first operating conditions in a normal operating mode the wind power installation delivers a first power to a connected electrical network. That first power is proportional to the wind speed. The wind power installation is controlled in such a way that upon the occurrence of a disturbance it remains on the connected electrical network and delivers to the connected electrical network a second power which is lower than the first power. Upon cessation of the disturbance and under the first operating conditions a third power is briefly delivered to the connected electrical network, the third power being significantly higher than the first power.

Abstract: A receptacle for a power circuit includes a receptacle housing, a line terminal structured to receive a voltage including one of a nominal voltage and a greater excessive voltage, a load terminal, a neutral terminal, a load neutral terminal, separable contacts electrically connected between the line and load terminals, an operating mechanism structured to open and close the separable contacts, and a trip mechanism cooperating with the operating mechanism to trip open the separable contacts. The trip mechanism includes a trip circuit structured to detect a first trip condition associated with the power circuit and to responsively actuate the operating mechanism to trip open the separable contacts. The trip mechanism also includes an overvoltage circuit structured to detect a sustained excessive voltage condition between the at least one neutral terminal and the line or the load terminals and to responsively actuate the operating mechanism to trip open the separable contacts.

Abstract: A hand tool and an accessory which provide an alarm signal to a user as the tool or accessory approaches a live electrical wire are disclosed. The hand tool or accessory include a non-contact voltage sensing circuit. As the tool or accessory approaches a live electrical wire, the non-contact voltage sensing circuit detects the voltage, triggering an alarm circuit. The alarm circuit provides a visual or audio signal to the user. The hand tool can be selectively coupled to the tool head.

Abstract: A circuit is disclosed for disconnecting a power source upon the detection of a leakage current comprising a power cable having an insulated first and a second wire. The power cable has a conductive shield surrounding the first and second wires with a drain wire electrically contacting the conductive shield. A disconnect switch is interposed between the power source and the power cable. A primary circuit controls the disconnect switch. A secondary circuit is connected to the drain wire for sensing a leakage current between the conductive shield and one of the first and second wires. An optical switch interconnects the primary circuit and the secondary circuit for opening the disconnect switch upon the secondary circuit sensing a leakage current.

Abstract: A device for detecting a fault current in an electronic apparatus has a first and at least one second electric conductor, the first electric conductor carrying a first electric potential and the at least one second electric conductor carrying a second electric potential. The device is characterized by the fact that an electric sensing conductor having a fixed electric rest potential whose value lies between the first and the at least second electric potential is situated between the electric conductors.

Abstract: An object is to provide a display device, in a part of which a monitor light emitting element is provided and in which an anode and a cathode of the monitor light emitting element are prevented from short-circuiting in an early stage and over time by using a circuit which corrects a voltage or a current to be supplied to a light emitting element in consideration of electrical property fluctuation of the monitor light emitting element, and a method for inspecting the display device. A monitor light emitting element is provided, which is electrically connected to a monitor line for supplying a current is provided, and a circuit is provided, which electrically disconnects the monitor light emitting element when an anode and a cathode of the monitor light emitting element are short-circuited in an early stage or over time. Further, a circuit for checking circuit operation before or after a step of providing the monitor light emitting element is provided.

Abstract: The electrical equipment comprises electrical elements corresponding to at least one phase of the distribution network and housed in a tank. The equipment is insulated with a dielectric liquid wherein the elements are immersed. The equipment comprises an input for each phase in the tank, and also a protection device, associated with at least one failure detector and configured so that, in the event of detecting such a failure, a short circuit will be established in the phases. The protection device is situated so as to establish the short circuit in a position before any protection, control or transformer element of the electrical equipment.

Abstract: An integrated circuit is adapted for dual use in three different ways: 1) it is powered by either of two different low or high voltage sources; 2) it may be connected to the IC package voltage reference pin in two different ways, using either an on-chip internal resistor or an in-package external resistor to limit the voltage/current to the IC; 3) the ESD structures are used not only for their well-known circuit protection function, but also as a conductive path for the high voltage operating source.

Abstract: A circuit element for protecting a load circuit includes a signal input for applying a signal, a signal output, a signal path connecting the signal input to the signal output, and an interruption means for irreversibly interrupting the signal path upon the reception of a control signal at the same.

Abstract: A centrally controlled protection system is provided. The system includes a plurality of circuit breakers, a plurality of modules, and a central computer. Each of the plurality of breakers are in electrical communication with a respective one of the plurality of modules. The central computer is in communication with each of the plurality of modules via a network. The central computer controls the plurality of circuit breakers in either a normal mode or a reduced energy let-through mode.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement including a voltage supply device, which has an output, and that provides a variable supply voltage, a supply-voltage-controlled clock generator, which is coupled to the output of the voltage supply device, and that provides a system clock signal having a variable effective system clock frequency, a circuit section having a supply terminal, which is coupled to the output of the voltage supply device, and a clock input, which receives the system clock signal, and a regulating device that determines a supply-voltage-dependent supply current value and detects the extent to which the supply current value lies within a predetermined current value range, and which is coupled to the voltage supply device such that the supply voltage is regulated based on whether the supply current value lies within the predetermined current value range.

Abstract: A circuit for controlling at least one circuit breaker switch that is series connected between a source of electrical power and an electrical load. The circuit includes a programmed controller having at least two inputs and at least one output. A current sensor senses the current between the source and the load and has an output connected to a controller input. Another controller input is connected to the control input of a load power switch. The control output of the controller is connected to the control input of the circuit breaker switch. The circuit is operated by sensing the current between the source of electrical power and the electrical load and monitoring the control input of the load power switch to detect whether the load power switch is commanded to be closed or open. If the load power switch is commanded to be open, the circuit breaker switch will be opened if the sensed current value is greater than a first maximum current value.

Abstract: A multi-level power converter is disclosed. The converter includes a DC power source having N (N is an Integer more than two)-level voltage potentials, and a plurality of switching legs connected in parallel to the DC power source. The switching leg has switching elements in series connection, and clamp diodes connected between intermediate DC potential terminals to middle points of the switching legs. The converter is provided with a control means for supplying gate pulses to the switching elements, and a supervising means for supervising every switching element to output a failure signal. The converter further includes a logic operating means for detecting an over-current failure of main circuit elements to output a device fault signal using the failure signals An operation of the logic operating means at least includes AND condition of at least two failure signals to output the device fault signal.

Abstract: A fault detection mechanism for a LED string comprising a plurality of serially connected LEDs, the fault detection mechanism comprising: a control circuitry; and a voltage measuring means, in communication with the control circuitry, arranged to measure the voltage drop across at least one LED of the LED string, the control circuitry being operable to: measure the voltage drop, via the voltage measuring means, at a plurality of times, compare at least two of the measured voltage drops, and in the event the comparison of the at least two voltage drops is indicative of one of a short circuit LED and an open circuit LED, output a fault indicator.

Abstract: An insulated gate bipolar transistor and a protective circuit are incorporated. The protective circuit has first and second Zener diodes connected in series in directions opposite to each other between the gate and the current sense terminal of the insulated gate bipolar transistor, and third and fourth Zener diodes connected in series in directions opposite to each other between the gate and the emitter of the insulated gate bipolar transistor.

Abstract: Described herein are various embodiments of a fuse module with a fuse carrier for fused electrical devices. According to one exemplary embodiment, at least one fuse module can be mounted to a power distribution unit for receiving at least one power input and providing power to associated electronic equipment. The power distribution unit can have a housing with at least one fuse access passage and at least one power output displaced along the housing and electrically couplable to the at least one power input. The fuse module can be disposed at least partially within the at least one fuse access passage and be electrically couplable to the at least one power input and at least one power output. The fuse module can have at least one removably attachable fuse carrier that, when attached, electrically couples a fuse housed by the fuse carrier to the at least one power input and the at least one power output.