Abstract: An information signal processor that is well suitable for use in conversion of an SD signal into an HD signal. The pixel data set corresponding to an objective position in the HD signal is extracted selectively from the SD signal. Class CL to which pixel data set of the objective position belongs is then obtained using the pixel data set. A coefficient production circuit produces coefficient data sets Wi for each class based on coefficient seed data sets and values of picture quality adjusting parameters h and v. A tap selection circuit selectively extracts the data sets xi from the SD signal and then, a calculation circuit produces the pixel data sets of the objective position in the HD signal using the data sets xi and the coefficient data sets Wi. It is thus possible to save on the storage capacity of the memory.

Abstract: The present invention is arranged such that interlace image data, which has been supplied, is converted to progressive image data in an I/P conversion section, and the image data converted to progressive style in the I/P conversion section is subjected to image processing including data comparison in spatial or time series manner, in an image processing section.

Abstract: A video displaying device connected to a first display comprises a connecting port, a second display, a signal processing unit, a microcontroller, and a switching unit. The connecting port is used for connecting to the first display, the signal processing unit is used for generating a first video signal, the microcontroller is used for generating a control signal and transmitting the control signal to the signal processing unit for generating a second video signal, and the switching unit is used for triggering the signal processing unit to selectively transmit the first video signal and the second video signal to the connecting port and the second display.

Abstract: A method of improving luminance transition includes decoding a coded video bitstream around a transition from a first luminance level to a second luminance level; and providing luminance transition enhancement based on a metric indicative of video bitstream. Additionally, an apparatus that improves a luminance transition includes a video decoder and a module that determines a metric indicative of the degree of video coding artifacts in a signal. The apparatus also includes a video processing module that includes a luminance transient enhancement module. The luminance enhancement module provides transition based on at least a value of the metric at the transition.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit includes an audio signal amplifier and a video signal amplifier built in a single semiconductor chip, the audio signal amplifier and the video signal amplifier being configured to receive a supply of a positive power supply voltage and a negative power supply voltage. The semiconductor integrated circuit further includes a negative voltage generation circuit that generates the negative power supply voltage and supplies the negative power supply voltage to the audio signal amplifier and the video signal amplifier and a limit circuit that limits an amplitude of a signal input to the audio signal amplifier to a range free from an influence of a fluctuation in the negative power supply voltage supplied by the negative voltage generation circuit. Adverse effects on an audio signal due to a fluctuation of a negative voltage occurring in synchronization with the vertical period of a video signal can be suppressed with a simple additional circuit.

Abstract: A power control method used with a TV module of a portable electronic apparatus is used for selectively entering the TV module in a power-saving mode. At first, the portable electronic apparatus is activated. When the portable electronic apparatus is activated, the power supply condition of the portable electronic apparatus is detected. If the power supply condition of the portable electronic apparatus indicates that an external power source is used, the power-saving mode of the TV module is suspended. Optionally, the power-saving mode of the TV module is suspended if a priority setting condition indicates that play efficiency takes priority.

Abstract: A fast control method controls the time of switch on-off and the stand-by operation of a projection television. The method with control units including state-assigned flags, state-completed flags and delay of a time control unit quickly carries out state transformations of the system to shorten the period turning on/off the system and to prevent the system from suffering.

Abstract: A multi-screen display system is described herein. The system includes a first connector for engaging with a first monitor and a second connector for engaging with a second monitor. The first monitor has a first screen and the second monitor has a second screen that face generally opposite directions. Thus, two users facing each other can each view a screen.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a display panel comprising an upper polarizer; a lower polarizer; a lower glass substrate provided on the lower polarizer; an upper glass substrate provided below the upper polarizer; an upper transparent ITO layer provided under the upper glass substrate; a lower transparent ITO layer provided on the lower glass substrate; an intermediate liquid crystal layer sandwiched by the transparent ITO layers; and a touching circuit layer sandwiched by the upper polarizer and the upper glass substrate and disposed above the liquid crystal layer, enabling the touching circuit to be directly mounted in the display panel rather than assembling together after manufacturing.

Abstract: An improved device and method for manufacturing electro-active spectacle lenses comprising electronic, electro-active optical, and bulk refractive optical elements is presented. In this method, electronic and electro-active optical elements are mounted to an optically transparent and mechanically flexible integration insert which is separate from any bulk refractive optical element(s). This method is advantageous for the manufacture of such spectacle lenses in that it allows for the mass production of many of the individual elements and enables the integration of the insert with the bulk refractive optical element(s) by multiple means. One such approach involves attaching the insert with a transparent adhesive to a rigid optical substrate and then encapsulating it by means of surface casting. Alternatively, the insert may be placed between the surfaces of a mold filled with an optical resin and encapsulated within the bulk refractive element as the resin is cured.

Abstract: An electro-optic device includes a substrate, data lines and scanning lines extending so as to cross each other, pixel electrodes each arranged for one of a plurality of pixels defined by crossing of the data lines and the scanning lines in plan view of the substrate, thin film transistors each electrically connected to one of the pixel electrodes, and storage capacitors each electrically connected to one of the pixel electrodes. Each of the storage capacitors is arranged above the corresponding thin film transistor so as to overlap at least a channel region of the thin film transistor in plan view of the substrate. The storage capacitors each include a lower electrode composed of a polysilicon film and an upper electrode composed of a dielectric film and a metal film stacked in this order from the bottom.

Abstract: A portion of an exemplary thin film transistor substrate (200) of a liquid crystal display includes a substrate (201), a gate line (210), a data line (220), and a storage line (250). The gate line, the data line, and the storage line are formed on the substrate. A gate insulating layer (202) is formed on the gate line, the storage line, and the substrate. A pixel electrode (240) is formed at the gate insulating layer. The storage line cooperates with the pixel electrode to form a storage capacitor. The gate line includes a first metal layer (211), and a second metal layer (212) formed on the first metal layer.

Abstract: The invention is directed to reduction of a leak current of a TFT of a pixel caused by light from a backlight or external light to improve a display quality of a liquid crystal display device. The display device of the invention includes a plurality of pixels on a first substrate, where each of the pixels includes a gate line intersecting a semiconductor layer with a gate insulation film interposed therebetween, a drain line connected to a drain region through a first contact hole and covering an upper side of the semiconductor layer extending from an intersection, and a source electrode connected to a source region through a second contact hole and covering an upper side of the semiconductor layer extending from an intersection. The device further includes a light shield layer formed under the semiconductor layer with a buffer film interposed therebetween and shielding the semiconductor layer from light.

Abstract: A 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional image display device and a method of manufacturing the same is described. The display device includes an image display panel for displaying an image, and a switching panel having upper and lower substrates with a liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween. A pixel electrode, and first and second common electrodes, are formed on the lower substrate of the switching panel.

Abstract: Display devices for displaying images are provided. A representative display device incorporates a display panel that includes a display pixel and a non-display pixel. The display pixel includes at least one switching thin-film transistor and the non-display pixel includes dummy thin-film transistors. A number of the dummy thin-film transistors exceeds a number of the switching thin-film transistors.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel photolithography processes using photoresist pattern having at least two areas which has different thickness from each other for a fabrication method for a liquid crystal display device having reversed staggered and channel-etched type thin film transistors, reduce a number of photolithography processes required for whole of the fabrication process of the liquid crystal display device, and improve brightness of the liquid crystal display device.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display includes a thin film transistor (TFT) panel including a pixel electrode in a rectangular shape having a transverse length longer than a longitudinal length, the pixel electrode including a first domain divider and having upper and lower half portions arranged symmetrically with respect to a transverse long axis passing through a center of the pixel electrode, a common electrode panel including a common electrode facing the pixel electrode, the common electrode including a second domain divider arranged parallel with the first domain divider, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the TFT panel and the common electrode panel.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes a plurality of pixel electrodes, storage capacitors which are provided below the plurality of pixel electrodes with an inter-layer insulating layer disposed therebetween and in which a lower electrode, a dielectric film, and an upper electrode are sequentially laminated, an extending section extending from the dielectric film, a first conductive film disposed above the extending section of the dielectric film, a second conductive film disposed below the extending section of the dielectric film, and a relay layer disposed above the first conductive film, formed of the same film as the plurality of the pixel electrodes, and electrically connecting the first conductive film to the second conductive film, wherein the plurality of pixel electrodes and the storage capacitors are provided in a pixel area on a substrate, and the extending section, the first conductive film, the second conductive film, and the relay layer are disposed in a peripheral area located around the pixel are

Abstract: A liquid crystal display comprising first and second switching elements connected to a first signal line; a signal line pair including a second and a third signal line connected to the first and second switching elements, respectively; a first pixel pattern connected through a first connection terminal of the first switching element; a second pixel pattern connected through a second connection terminal of the second switching element; a storage electrode line overlapping with the first and second pixel patterns; and a repair portion for electrically connecting the first and second pixel patterns to each other through a repairing process.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an element for modulating area, in which there is used a functional molecular element adapted to change, by application of electric field, conformation of disc-shape like organic metallic complex molecule to exhibit function so that the structure of the organic metallic complex molecule is changed by application of electric field and the occupation area thereof is thus changed. The area modulating element is adapted to variously change molecular structure in accordance with control of applied electric field to change occupation area of molecule to thereby constitute a functional device such as optical filter and/or optical screen, etc.

Abstract: Light beams are outputted from optical devices and mixed together to obtain uniform white light free from color stains, thereby achieving a backlight unit improved in light mixing feature. In the backlight unit, a surface light source has a reflecting surface with a plurality of optical devices mounted thereon. An optical sheet is disposed in front of the surface light source. A reflecting layer is disposed between the surface light source and the optical sheet and has reflectivity varied by an incident angle of light beams from the optical devices. The backlight unit enables the light beams from the optical devices to be mixed together. The light beams outputted from the optical devices are effectively mixed together by a reflecting layer having reflectively varied by an incident angle of the light beams from the optical devices, thereby achieving uniform white light without color stains.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a display comprising, in order, a support, a first patterned conductor, a first level of electrically modulated imaging material, a coextensive common electrode conductor, a second level of electrically modulated imaging material, and a second patterned conductor and a method of imaging the display.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a display device having a panel assembly that includes first and second display panels arranged to face each other. The second display panel is smaller than the first display panel. The first display panel and the second display panel are divided into a front display area and a rear display area to display images on both sides of the panel assembly.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical device which can be formed as a thinner layer by a simplified manufacturing process at a reduced cost. Specifically, the optical device has a multilayer structure wherein a polyvinyl alcohol- or polyvinylene-base polarizing film (b) and protective films (a and c) are directly laminated on top of another without any adhesive layer including a pressure sensitive adhesive layer interposed therebetween. The protective film (c) on one side is composed of a triacetyl cellulose, an alicyclic polyolefin resin, or an alicyclic acrylic resin, and the protective film (a) on the other side is composed of a triacetyl cellulose, a polycarbonate, a polyethylene terephthalate, a polyethylene naphthalate, a (meth)acrylate resin, an alicyclic polyolefin resin, or an alicyclic acrylic resin.

Abstract: A polarizing optical device has first and second major surfaces. The polarizing optical device is provided at the first major surface thereof with extrafine structures made of a metal and arranged in a specific direction. The extrafine metal structures are provided at surfaces thereof with a metal compound part, the metal compound part being formed by performing surface treatment on the surfaces of the extrafine metal structures. When light is incident from the first major surface side, light polarized in a direction parallel to the specific direction is absorbed, and light polarized in a direction perpendicular to the specific direction is transmitted. When light is incident from the second major surface side, light polarized in the direction parallel to the specific direction is reflected, and light polarized in the direction perpendicular to the specific direction is transmitted.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a method of method of manufacture of a reflective polarizing film that can improve brightness of a liquid crystal display device remarkably by making a liquid crystal film that can cover visible light by using cholesteric liquid crystal layers having different selective light-reflection central wavelengths, attaching a quarter wave (¼ ?) retardation film on top of the liquid crystal film, and adding prism patterns to the opposite side of the liquid crystal film. The reflective polarizing film of the present invention is characterized by that two or more cholesteric liquid crystal layers having different selective reflection wavelength regions are laminated in order from a shorter wavelength to a longer wavelength, and brightness of a liquid crystal display device is maximized owing to an integrated film manufactured by attaching a ¼ ? retardation film onto cholesteric liquid crystal layers and forming prism patterns onto the opposite side.

Abstract: A reflective display device using photonic crystals includes a plurality of reflective color filters, each reflective color filter reflects a predetermined wavelength range of an incident visible light; and a plurality of optical switches disposed adjacent to and facing a corresponding one of the plurality of reflective color filters, each of the plurality of optical switches extracts a predetermined color by adjusting an intensity or on/off-frequency of light reflected from the corresponding one of the plurality of reflective color filters. Accordingly, a reflective display device using photonic crystals may have a simplified structure requiring no conventional reflecting mirror.

Abstract: A polarizing plate of the invention comprises a polarizer and a protective film laminated on one side or both sides of the polarizer, wherein the polarizer comprises a film having a structure having a minute domain dispersed in a matrix formed of a translucent water-soluble resin including an iodine light absorbing material, and wherein the protective film satisfies an in-plane retardation of 20 nm or less, and a thickness direction retardation of 30 nm or less. The polarizing plate has a high polarization degree even on the short wavelength. Further, a polarizing plate of high polarization degree and high durability can be provided.

Abstract: The main object of the present invention is to provide a colour filter with a retardation layer, capable of minimising light leakage even in the case the visual angle is large in the black display state, for a liquid crystal display.

Abstract: This invention pertains to the design and construction of retardation films (or plates) with any targeted dispersive property, including those with no wavelength dependence for the entire visible range. In particular, this invention deals with specific design of films with broadband (achromatic) quarterwave and halfwave retardation.

Abstract: A liquid crystal electro-optical device comprising a pair of substrates at least one of them is light-transmitting, electrodes being provided on said substrates, and an electro-optical modulating layer being supported by said pair of substrates, provided that said electro-optical modulating layer comprises an anti-ferroelectric liquid crystal material or a smectic liquid crystal material which exhibits anti-ferroelectricity, and a transparent material.

Abstract: An image forming method of the invention is an image forming method comprising the steps of exposing, through a photo mask, a substrate, on which a first negative photosensitive resin layer and second negative photosensitive resin layer are formed, wherein the photo mask is a photo mask having at least two light transmittable patterns, and the photosensitivity ratio of the first negative photosensitive resin layer to the second negative photosensitive resin layer is more than 1. This method makes it possible to form an image easily, which is used suitably by a reflection and transmission LCD display wherein the film thickness of a colored layer is partially varied in each pixel, and to easily form a spacer and a projection for orientation control.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device is provided which has a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pair of substrates, in which liquid crystal molecules are vertically aligned with respect to the substrates when no voltage is applied between the substrates and the liquid crystal molecules tilt in a plurality of directions to be almost parallel to the substrates by applying a voltage between the substrates. In the liquid crystal layer, when the voltage is applied, a proportion of a region where the liquid crystal molecules tilt in a direction of 0 degrees to 180 degrees is different from a proportion of a region where the liquid crystal molecules tilt in a direction of 180 degrees to 360 degrees with the angle being defined counterclockwise with the right direction on a screen being 0 degrees.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a first plate including first and second field-generating electrodes disposed in a pixel area of an insulating substrate and electrically separated from each other in a cross-finger structure, and a first alignment film covering the first and second field-generating electrodes and rubbed in a first direction; a second plate formed of an insulating substrate and including a third field-generating electrode, a plurality of field-generating portions and openings, and a second alignment film covering the third field-generating electrode and rubbed in a second direction; and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first plate and the second plate.

Abstract: A display panel that provides improved display quality when viewed from the sides is presented. The display panel includes a first display substrate and a second display substrate facing the first display substrate. The first display substrate has a first base substrate, a thin film transistor, a main pixel electrode and a sub pixel electrode. The first base substrate includes a pixel area divided into a main pixel area and a sub pixel area. The thin film transistor is formed on the first base substrate and the main pixel electrode is electrically connected to a drain electrode of the thin film transistor. The sub pixel electrode has the same shape as the main pixel electrode and is electrically connected to the main pixel electrode. Also, the sub pixel electrode is electrically insulated from and overlaps the drain electrode. Thus, a difference between a left side viewing angle and a right side viewing angle of the display panel is reduced, thereby improving the overall display quality of the display panel.

Abstract: A color filter substrate having a conductive column spacer and a liquid crystal display panel including the color filter substrate. The color filter substrate includes a transparent insulating substrate, a black matrix arranged on the substrate to block light, a plurality of color filters arranged on the substrate and the black matrix, an overcoat layer arranged on the color filters, a first column spacer arranged on the overcoat layer to maintain a liquid crystal cell gap, and a common electrode arranged on the overcoat layer and the first column spacer. The first column spacer is arranged in a display area of the substrate.

Abstract: A cassette for a liquid crystal display (LCD) device, comprises: a body for receiving a substrate on which a plurality of LC panels divided from one another by a dummy region are formed; a plurality of supporting bars rotatably installed in the body and having a predetermined shape, for supporting a substrate; and a plurality of pads formed on each surface of the supporting bar with a different gap therebetween and contacting the dummy region of the substrate. When LCD devices of various sizes are received in the cassette, supporting bars for supporting each of the LCD devices are prevented from contacting an image display region of the LCD device and thus an inferiority of the LCD device is prevented.

Abstract: A device nematic liquid crystal display device has two stable states corresponding to two liquid crystal molecule textures whose torsion differs by 150° to 180° in terms of absolute value. The device includes two polarizers (10, 40), one (10) of which is placed on the observer side, the other (40) being placed on the opposite side of the liquid crystal cell. The orientation of the two polarizers is offset by a value which is equal to the rotatory power of the cell±n/2, the rotatory power corresponding to the most twisted texture effect.

Abstract: Eyewear includes a frame, a left temple arm secured to the frame, and a right temple arm secured to the frame. At least one lens is connected to the frame. A first venting aperture is defined by the at least one lens and the frame and is located proximate the left temple arm. A second venting aperture is defined by the at least one lens and the frame and is located proximate the right temple arm. The at least one lens is free of any other apertures.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provides systems, devices, and methods for non-invasively modifying, maintaining, or controlling local tissue optical properties. Methods and devices of the disclosure may be used for optically clearing tissue, for example, for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes. A method of optically clearing a tissue may comprise contacting the tissue with an optical clearing device having a base, an array of pins fixed to one side of the base, a brim fixed to the base, an inlet port in the base, an exit port in the base, and a handpiece interface tab fixed to the side of the base opposite the array of pins, applying a mechanical force to the tissue, and illuminating said tissue with at least one wavelength of light through the optical clearing device. A method may further comprise controlling the temperature of the tissue illuminated.

Abstract: An easy-to manufacture contact lens exhibiting an excellent axial stability and having a novel ballast mechanism. On the front surface (36) of the contact lens (30), (i) a circular front surface (38) forming an optical portion (44) and (ii) annular front surfaces (40, 42) forming peripheral portions (46, 48) are formed with a substantially constant radial dimension around the geometrical center axis (32) of the lens in the front view thereof. Cross-sectional shapes of the front surfaces (40, 42) at the peripheral parts are varied in the circumferential direction and the thickness at the peripheral portions (46, 48) is varied in the circumferential direction, thus shifting the center of gravity G of the contact lens (30) from the geometrical center axis (32) of the lens.

Abstract: Polymeric compositions have photochromic and blue-light filtering ability and are useful in the manufacture of ophthalmic medical devices. The polymeric compositions comprise a photochromic material incorporated into polymeric host materials and are activatable by blue light having a first wavelength range to become photochromic, and are thereby capable of absorbing blue light in a second wavelength range. Methods of making the compositions comprise incorporating a photochromic material into a polymeric host material.

Abstract: A fundus observation device which can simultaneously capture both surface images and tomographic images of the fundus oculi is provided. The fundus observation device 1 has a fundus camera unit 1A, an OCT unit 150, and an arithmetic and control unit 200. The fundus camera unit 1A has an illuminating optical system 100 and an imaging optical system 120. The arithmetic and control unit 200 forms the surface image of fundus oculi Ef based on signals from fundus camera unit 1A. The OCT unit 150 divides low coherence light LO into the signal light LS and the reference light LR, and detects the interference light LC that can be obtained from the signal light LS passing through fundus oculi Ef and the reference light LR passing through reference mirror 174. The arithmetic and control unit 200 forms tomographic images of fundus oculi Ef based on these detecting results.

Abstract: Highly reliable technology is provided with the capable of forming three-dimensional images of fundus oculi. The image forming part 220 of a computational control unit 200 forms images of the surface of fundus oculi Ef based on results of detecting fundus oculi catoptric light of light illuminated by a fundus camera unit 1A, in addition to forming tomographic images of the fundus oculi Ef based on results of detecting interference light LC from the OCT unit 150. The controlling part 210 synchronizes the timing of detecting fundus oculi catoptric light of light illuminated by the fundus camera unit 1A with the timing of detecting interference light LC from the OCT unit 150. The correction processing part 240 corrects the image positions of the tomographic images based on results of detecting interference light LC from the OCT unit 150 on the basis of two-dimensional images based on the results of detecting fundus oculi catoptric light of light illuminated from the fundus camera unit 1A.

Abstract: The invention provides an optical image-measuring device that avoids long examination time and reduces some troublesome tasks. A fundus observation device 1 (optical image-measuring device) splits light that is output from a low-coherence light source 160 into a signal light LS directed toward the fundus oculi Ef and a reference light LR directed toward a reference mirror 174, and detects interference light LC that is generated by superimposing the signal light LS passing through the fundus oculi Ef and the reference light LR passing through the reference mirror 174 using a spectrometer 180 to form tomographic images of the fundus oculi Ef. Furthermore, the device comprises a reference mirror drive mechanism 243 shifting the reference mirror 174 toward the optical path direction of the reference light LR and a information storage part 225 storing the reference mirror 174 position information based on previous tomographic images.

Abstract: A device for mapping the visual field of an eye includes a projector for creating a light beam of visible light, a first light directing element for controlling the direction of the beam, and a reflection element for reflecting the light beam through a predetermined crossing point. The elements are arranged in such a way so that the light beam can be directed to well defined sites of the retina of the eye when positioned with the center of its lens substantially in the crossing point. The projector can be made to include a focusing element and a beam cross-section forming element for creating a disk of predetermined size on the retina of the eye.

Abstract: A technique is disclosed of tracking a position of a pupil of a viewer's eyeball, by directing light toward the eyeball and using a portion of the light reflected from the eyeball. In the technique, the detection is performed of the intensity of a reflected light beam which is a portion of a light beam entering the eyeball which is reflected therefrom. An intensity signal indicative of the intensity of the reflected light beam is produced. The pupil position is tracked based on intensity changes of the reflected light beam represented by the intensity signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for illuminating the interior of the eye through the sclera without any contact to the eye. The apparatus contains a lamp element and optics that focus the light on the eye sclera. One or more fiber optics bundles may be used to convey the light from the light source close to the illuminated eye, ending with condensing optical elements. Alternatively, light could be conveyed by sharing the optics of an imaging system. It is useful for observing or imaging the interior of the eye, the retina, or the choroid. The observation or the imaging of the interior of the eye, the retina, or the choroid by applying the disclosed illumination method can be done in conjunction with any system that includes optics for that purpose, e.g., fundus cameras and ophthalmoscopes, without using those systems' illumination elements.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for controlling optical aberrations to alter relative curvature of field by providing optical devices and methods comprising the repositioning of peripheral off-axis focal points relative to the retina to produce stimulus for influencing the progression of refractive error while simultaneously controlling the position of the central focal point near to the retina to provide clear central vision and simultaneously providing zones of controlled peripheral defocus and other optical aberrations to improve peripheral vision for select directions of gaze.

Abstract: A display system in which images from two displays that have the same optical polarization that is not affected by reflection by a beam splitter which combines images from the displays, and half wave plate optical retarders to rotate plane of polarization and to null out optical dispersion effects to provide for stereo viewing of images via plane polarizers that have the same polarization direction.