Abstract: Techniques for assuring a receiver's non repudiation of a communication are provided via cooperation with a secure device. A secure device operates within a local environment of a receiver and exchanges certificates with a sender via the receiver. The sender encrypts data in a communication with the receiver. Separately, the sender sends an encrypted version of a decryption key to the receiver. The receiver presents the encrypted version of the key to the secure device and the secure device supplies the decryption key for use by the receiver to decrypt the previously sent encrypted data.

Abstract: A microcontroller includes a program memory configured to store a program group and a first encryption key; a CPU; and an identification (ID) storage section configured to store an identification data peculiar to a user of the microcontroller. The CPU executes the program group to generate a second encryption key based on the identification data and the first encryption key and to encrypt a random number with the second encryption key.

Abstract: A digital broadcasting system having a digital TV including a broadcasting base station which transmits a broadcasting signal having a program and key combination information configured to control a function by the program; and the digital TV includes a user inputting part having a plurality of keys; a receiving part which receives the broadcasting signal; a detecting part which detects the program and the key combination information provided through the broadcasting signal; a storing part which stores the program and the key combination information outputted by the detecting part; and a controller which performs a function of the combination of the inputted keys on the basis of the key combination information.

Abstract: A system and method provides a wireless link that is adaptive to the current electronic environment. An electronic control unit monitors signals that are proximate the vehicle that make up the current electronic environment. The electronic control unit evaluates these signals along with any other signals proximate the vehicle. The evaluation of the signals includes the determination of a best signal modulation and strength that would best avoid potential interferences with the other signals. The determined transmission protocol is sent in the prompt signal to an authentication device. The authentication device in return transmits the identifier signal according to the determined transmission protocol.

Abstract: The invention related to a method for matching reception equipment (2) with a plurality of security modules (6, 8) each having a unique identifier. The method according to the invention comprises the following steps: connecting a security module (6, 8) to the reception equipment (2), memorising the unique identifier of the connected security module (6, 8) in the reception equipment (2), on the fly.

Abstract: A system, apparatus, and method are directed towards allowing ingestion of encrypted content into such as a VOD server, or PVR, or the like by selectively encrypting portions of a content stream based on various selection rules. In one embodiment, the selection rules include leaving selected portions of the content stream unencrypted, including packets that include a PES header; or video packets that include various trick play data such as picture start, GOP start, sequence start, sequence end data; PIDs associated with a PAT, PMT, or the like; while other portions of the content stream may be encrypted, including video and/or audio PIDs, or other video and/or audio portions. In still another embodiment, Entitlement Control Messages (ECMs) may be inserted that employ an encryption/decryption key rotation scheme, such as odd and/or even scrambling control bit structures, which may also be rotated based on a variety of conditions.

Abstract: Data in a storage medium not using an encryption double key scheme is transferred to a storage medium using an encryption double key scheme. A title key Kt encrypting content data C in an SD audio card SDa is further encrypted by a user key Kua generated in a key generating unit 23e, and is stored in a user data area 4 in an SD card SDq. The generated user key Kua is encrypted by a medium unique key Kmuq in the SD card SDq, and is stored in a protection area 3.

Abstract: In certain embodiments, a method of partially dual encrypting a digital video signal involves examining unencrypted packets of data in the digital video signal to identify a specified packet type. The specified packet type includes packets occurring in a star pattern approximately situated at approximately a center of an image; encrypting packets identified as being of the specified packet type using a first encryption method to produce first encrypted packets; encrypting the packets identified as being of the specified packet type using a second encryption method to produce second encrypted packets; and replacing the unencrypted packets of the specified packet type with the first encrypted packets and the second encrypted packets in the digital video signal to produce a partially dual encrypted video signal. This abstract should not be considered limiting since embodiments consistent with the present invention may involve more, different or fewer elements.

Abstract: Various embodiments of methods and apparatuses for managing authentication key contexts are described herein. In various embodiments, the methods and apparatuses include purging an authentication key context of a supplicant after handing off the supplicant, even the authentication key has not expired.

Abstract: Methods for calibrating the modulators in a QKD system (100) are disclosed. The methods include setting the voltage (VB) of Bob's modulator (MB) to a positive value and then adjusting the voltage (VA) of Alice's modulator (MA) in both the positive and negative direction to obtain overall relative phase modulations that result in maximum and minimum photon counts (N) in the two single-photon detectors (32a, 32b). Bob's modulator voltage is then set to a negative value and the process repeated. When the basis voltages (VB(1), VB(2), VA(1), VA(2), VA(3) and VA(4)) are established, the QKD system is operated with intentionally selected incorrect bases at Bob and Alice to assess orthogonality of the basis voltages by assessing whether or not the probability of photon detection at the detectors is 50:50. If not, the modulator voltages are adjusted to be orthogonal. This involves changing Bob's basis voltage (VB(1) and/or VB(2)) and repeating the process until a 50:50 detector count distribution is obtained.

Abstract: Disclosed are apparatuses and methods for implementing the Media-access control layer of a network device.

Abstract: A security system for a digital trunked radio system having a digital control channel and a plurality of working channels, wherein said working channels are assigned for temporary use of individual radio units by digital control signals transmitted over said control channel, said control channel carrying digital control signals between a base site and said radio units, comprising a digital key, said key used to limit access to the system equipment and system control channel transmissions.

Abstract: An operation method of a binaural system and the binaural system adopting the method is provided. That is, a method to stably provide a stereo sound, creating a plurality of sound images and expanding a listening sweet spot by using a plurality of static filters or modulation filters when a user listens to an audio sound, even if a user turns his/her head to or moves, and the method adopted by the binaural system. The binaural system includes a plurality of static filters connected in parallel to each other, the plurality of static filters creates a sound image in a different location by controlling an output location of an inputted audio signal, and a control unit inputting the audio signal to the plurality of static filters.

Abstract: The invention relates to the synthesis and the joint spatialization of sounds emitted by virtual sources. According to the invention, a step (ETA) is provided that consists of determining parameters including at least one gain (gi) for defining, at the same time, a loudness characterizing the nature of the virtual source and the position of the source relative to a predetermined origin.

Abstract: A stereo sound generation method and apparatus to generate a stereo sound, by using 2-channel headphones, earphones, or speakers, from a multi-channel sound signal reproduced through a variety of media such as a DVD-video, and a DVD-audio. The stereo sound generation method of generating a 2-channel stereo sound from a 5.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing a binaural audio signal, the method comprising: inputting a parametrically encoded audio signal comprising at least one combined signal of a plurality of audio channels and one or more corresponding sets of side information describing a multi-channel sound image; and applying a predetermined set of head-related transfer function filters to the at least one combined signal in proportion determined by the corresponding set of side information to synthesize a binaural audio signal. A corresponding parametric audio decoder, parametric audio encoder, computer program product, and apparatus for synthesizing a binaural audio signal are also described.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing a binaural audio signal, the method comprising: inputting a parametrically encoded audio signal comprising at least one combined signal of a plurality of audio channels and one or more corresponding sets of side information describing a multi-channel sound image; and applying a predetermined set of head-related transfer function filters to the at least one combined signal in proportion determined by said corresponding set of side information to synthesize a binaural audio signal.

Abstract: Electronic bass register musical instrument tube preamplifier. An in line signal preamplification device which richens the tone of electronically amplified bass register musical instruments. The unit is connected in the signal path between the instrument and the amplifier by the use of a standard ¼? input jack and a ¼? output jack. Other effects processors may be placed either before or after the preamplification device. There is one volume control and one overdrive switch, which utilizes a variable current source driving section to further reduce distortion and richen the bass register tone. The variable current drives the plates of ½ of the 12AX7 tube with a 48 VDC plate voltage plate voltage in the overdrive position and a 40 VDC plate voltage in the normal position. Use of the overdrive position causes a premature failure of the 12AX7 tube, so it should be used sparingly. The EBIP is useful for both solid state and tube amplifier applications.

Abstract: A system for compensating and driving a loudspeaker includes an open loop loudspeaker controller that receives and processes an audio input signal and provides an audio output signal. A dynamic model of the loudspeaker receives the audio output signal, and models the behavior of the loudspeaker and provides predictive loudspeaker behavior data indicative thereof. The open loop loudspeaker controller receives the predictive loudspeaker behavior data and the audio input signal, and provides the audio output signal as a function of the audio input signal and the predictive loudspeaker behavior data.

Abstract: For use with an interactive display system having a generally horizontal interactive display surface, four speakers that are disposed at spaced-apart locations within a housing of the system so that a sound field produced by one or more energized speakers is directed outwardly as desired. A personal computer (PC) selectively energizes one or more of the speakers in accord with a predefined criteria so that a direction of the sound field produced is generally consistent with the disposition of a user, or a state of a software application, or a disposition of a virtual object on the interactive display surface. In one embodiment, each of the speakers is mounted in a different side or end of the interactive display system. In another embodiment, the speakers are mounted at the corners of the housing. One or more of the speakers are energized at a time to produce the desired sound field.

Abstract: An invention is described for a personal noise canceling system that consists of noise canceling headphones, a noise cancellation electronics module and a personal computing device. One embodiment of the invention places the noise canceling electronics module in a USB connector fob, which serves as a personal computing device, and also acts as the connection interface between the headphones and a complementary computing device. Another embodiment places the noise canceling electronics module within a decoupled personal computing device where built in audio electronics, software, firmware and power source may be leveraged for implementation of signal conditioning and processing in support of noise cancellation.

Abstract: This invention relates to a wireless digital transmission system for loudspeakers comprising: compression means for the file representing the digital audio signal of the “compact disc” type, a transmission device comprising means of converting this compressed signal into a series signal moving by packets going to a modulator circuit with phase quadrature and means of transmitting the signals exiting the modulator circuit with phase quadrature to the domestic network for feeding electricity; a receiving device comprising means of connecting to this domestic network and of extracting from the feed electrical signal, by a demodulator with phase quadrature, data packets moving the digital audio signal to convert it into a parallelized digital signal sent to a decompression circuit; means of converting the decompressed digital signals into an analog signal intended to feed a loudspeaker after adequate amplification.

Abstract: Each loudspeaker (10, 10?) comprises means, e.g. of the Bluetooth type, for establishing a wireless interface with every other loudspeaker of the system. The network configures itself automatically by each loudspeaker searching for the other loudspeakers with which a wireless link can be established directly, by drawing up a table of mutual visibilities, and, on the basis of said table, defining a hierarchical network topology. One of the loudspeakers is designated as the network head so as to be capable of searching for and setting up a wireless link with a remote peripheral capable of transmitting a coded audio signal (A2DP) and/or a control signal (AVRCP). The other loudspeakers receive audio signals sent to them encapsulated in messages that include routing data, either directly, or after said signals have been relayed via another loudspeaker.

Abstract: This device is an add-on component to an existing keyless entry system that will play a pre-recorded sound from a speaker/amplifier system mounted underneath the hood of a motor vehicle. Installable interchangeable sound cards are provided to give the device the ability to play different sounds. A digital sound amplifier is activated by the radio frequency of the automobiles factory installed keyless entry system. This is a novelty item and does not interfere with the cars existing systems.

Abstract: A microcomputer 12 selectively generates signals corresponding to a cancel sound and a pseudo-engine sound respectively based on a rotation number of an engine and causes a switch 23 of a subsequence attenuator ATT 16 to be in an ON condition for attenuating the signal corresponding to the cancel sound if it is generated and causes the switch 23 to be in an OFF condition for passing the signal corresponding to the pseudo-engine sound through it if it is generated.

Abstract: An audio signal input and output apparatus includes a microphone array, a mounting part, and a main body. The mounting part is connected to the microphone array. The main body electrically connects an electronic device and the microphone array. The microphone array sends out a first audio signal through the main body to the electronic device.

Abstract: This invention relates to a noise filtering edge detector (NFED) for recovering data carrying edges from a noisy received signal by dense over-sampling of the received signal and by detecting edge phases and edge amplitude limits wherein recovered signal amplitudes at sampling instance defining said edge phase are determined by said edge amplitude limits while recovered amplitudes assumed at sampling instances following the last edge detected are those implementing an ideal signal shape determined by the last edge. The NFED comprises a system for adaptive noise filtering which analyzes captured unfiltered portions of the over-sampled waveform in order to compensate predictable and/or random signal distortions and interferences.

Abstract: A sound source direction determining device for specifying the incoming direction of a sound based on acoustic signals through two channels obtained by two mikes disposed apart by a predetermined distance has a phase difference spectrum signal generating unit for obtaining the phase difference spectrum of the acoustic signals through the two channels, a power spectrum signal generating unit for obtaining the power spectrum of at least either one of the acoustic signals through the two channels, and a sound source direction specifying unit for obtaining the sound source direction of each sound source based on the phase difference spectrum and the power spectrum.

Abstract: An effect adding method, includes: applying different gains to a positive side waveform portion and a negative side waveform portion of an audio signal respectively when absolute values of input levels of the positive side waveform portion and the negative side waveform portion are smaller than a predetermined value; producing a higher range component of the audio signal based on a high range component of the audio signal to which the gain is applied, the higher range component being higher in frequency than the high range component; producing a lower range component of the audio signal based on a low range component of the audio signal to which the gain is applied, the lower range component being lower in the frequency than the low range component; and synthesizing an audio signal having an effect sound by adding the audio signal to which the different gains are applied, the higher range component, and the lower range component with each other.

Abstract: An audio input signal is processed to produce a processed audio output signal. An audio input signal is received as an original signal. The audio input signal is dynamically filtered to produce a first stage signal consisting of a selected frequency band of the input signal. Gain applied to the first stage signal is dynamically controlled in response to a control signal to produce a second stage signal. The control signal is derived from the first stage signal. Processing the original signal in combination with the second stage signal to produce a processed audio output signal. Processing the original signal in combination with the second stage signal and the first stage signal to produce a processed audio output signal.

Abstract: A loudspeaker comprising a magnet unit that generates a magnetic field, and a membrane which is mounted in a frame and which is provided with an electrical conductor arranged in a pattern on the membrane, which membrane is positioned in the magnetic field in such a manner that a force is exerted when current is fed through the conductor pattern on the membrane, which force is capable of setting the membrane in motion so as to produce sound, the frame being provided with metallic cooling members that partially cover the conductor pattern, wherein said cooling members are mounted in a metal housing, making contact with said housing over the larger part of their surface area, or are integral with such a metal housing.

Abstract: An integrated circuit (102) configured to provide a microphone output signal, comprising: a preamplifier (108) coupled to receive an input signal, generated by a first microphone member that is movable relative to a second microphone member; and a voltage pump (104) to provide a bias voltage to either microphone member.

Abstract: Preamplifier arrangement for a drum microphone, in which drum the microphone is arranged inside the drum and wherein the microphone is connected to a preamplifier, characterized in that the preamplifier (6) is secured to the side wall or bottom of the resonance chamber (1) of the drum via a mounting arrangement comprising a threaded part (7), which is fastened to the preamplifier and fitted through a hole (4) in the side wall or bottom, and a counterpart (8) for it.

Abstract: An audio signal encoding device includes a downmix signal encoding unit 203 and an auxiliary information generation unit 204. The downmix signal encoding unit 203 generates a downmix signal acquired by adding input signals each other using a predetermined method, encodes the downmix signal, and outputs downmix signal information 206. The auxiliary information generation unit 204 generates auxiliary information 205 using the downmix signal and the downmix signal information 206 generated by the downmix signal encoding unit 203. The auxiliary information generation unit 204 efficiently quantizes the auxiliary information 205 using human's characteristics of a perceptual direction of a sound source, a perceptual broadening, and a perceptual distance.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide an amplifier apparatus which can amplify the sound signal at a relatively high quality, and to provide an acoustic system comprising the amplifier apparatus. The amplifier apparatus comprises a first amplifier 13 having a first acoustic gain, and being adapted to amplify an analog sound signal according to the first acoustic gain, and to allow the first acoustic gain to be changed, an analog-to-digital converter 14 for converting the amplified analog sound signal to a digital sound signal, a second amplifier 15 having an second acoustic gain, being adapted to amplify the digital sound signal according to the second acoustic gain, and to allow the second acoustic gain to be changed, and a controller 16 for obtaining a combined acoustic gain from the first and second acoustic gains, and keeping the combined acoustic gain constant by modifying the second acoustic gain in response to a change of the first acoustic gain.

Abstract: The object is to provide a bone conduction device. The device is simple in construction, thin in thickness, small in leakage in magnetic flux, excellent in performance, and comprises: abase yoke (1) carrying both a voice coil (3) and a magnet (4); and, a front yoke (5). The yoke (5) assumes a flat plate-like shape and is loosely disposed between: an upper surface of a magnetic pole of the base yoke (1); and, the front yoke (5) to provide a necessary clearance between these yokes. The device is characterized in that the clearance is produced by means of a resilient element (6), which is disposed in an outer peripheral portion of the base yoke (1) to receive the front yoke (5) thereon. Preferably: the base yoke (1) has a circular base (7); and, the resilient element (6) assumes an arcing shape extending along the base (7).

Abstract: The object is to provide a bone conduction device and its tympanum, wherein the bone conduction device can be efficiently mounted without generating a dead space in a case having a limited installation space such as a cellular phone's case having a large display screen. A magnetic sound conveter device has an outer magnetic structure wherein a voice coil (3) is mounted on a center magnetic pole (2) of a yoke (1) and a magnet (4) is arranged on the outer side of the voice coil (3). The yoke (1) and the center magnetic pole (2) thereof are vertically long, the magnet (4) is arranged on the short side edge parts on the both sides of the yoke, and a tympanum fixing part (6) is arranged on the outer side of each magnet (4) on a magnet arrangement axis.

Abstract: A hands-free loudspeaker system which is capable of achieving high-quality voice amplification without requiring a human speaker to move to a microphone or a microphone to be moved to a human speaker. A microphone whose input level has continued to be above a threshold value for not shorter than a predetermined time period is detected, based on input signals from dispersedly arranged microphones. An input signal from the microphone is selected and outputted to each loudspeaker at an output level or with a delay time, according to a location of the loudspeaker. A preset lowest threshold level is initially set to the threshold value, and an input level of the microphone higher than the threshold value is newly set to the same, while when the input level is lower than the threshold value, a lower value is set to the same in a step-by-step manner.

Abstract: A method for sound source localization comprises the steps of computing an envelope of a signal; performing a non-linear, onset preserving smoothing of the envelope; and evaluating cues for sound source localization, using the points where the smoothing changes from its rising phase to its falling phase as measurement points.

Abstract: A method to adjust a hearing system comprising two hearing devices to be at least partly inserted into left and right ear of a head is disclosed, each hearing device comprising at least one microphone. By the steps of: exposing the hearing devices to a predefined sound source positioned at a predefined angle of incidence with respect to the head, determining power levels of signals recorded by the microphones as a function of angles of incidence of the sound source being positioned at different angle of incidence in order to obtain a relation between power levels and angle of incidence for said sound source, and storing said relation in a memory unit contained in at least one of the hearing devices, a head-related transfer function is automatically taken into account while the hearing system is adapted to the individual. Therewith, an optimal adaptation of the hearing system is obtained also resulting in precise sound source localization during an operating mode.

Abstract: A system for separation of a user's voice from ambient sound, comprising a device to be worn at the user's ear or at least partly in the user's ear canal comprising a first microphone oriented acoustically outwardly towards the environment and a second microphone oriented acoustically inwardly towards the user's ear canal, and an audio signal processing unit for processing audio signals from the first and second microphone by a blind source separation algorithm adapted to separate the user's voice from ambient sound.

Abstract: A pillow sham is provided with spaced apart stereo speakers, an amplifier, and a pocket adapted to receive a personal stereo such as an MP3 player. The speakers are contained in a compartment which runs substantially the entire width of the pillow sham and the amplifier is contained in a compartment mounted below one of the speakers. The compartments are preferably provided with structure which allows them to be removed from the pillow sham so that the pillow sham can be washed. The amplifier is typically connected to an eighth-inch stereo mini-plug by a stereo cable which extends out of the amplifier compartment, through a front surface of the pillow sham, and into a pocket on the outside of the pillow sham.

Abstract: A personal voice-transmitted device includes at least one voice box and at least one voice-transmitted tube. The voice box has a speaker arranged therein, and is divided to a first space and a second space by the speaker. The voice-transmitted tube connects to one side of the voice box and extends outwardly and has an outlet. The device can generate and retain a low-pitched tone by resonance of the first space, and the low-pitched tone can be transmitted to the outside by the voice-transmitted tube to form an excellent low-pitched tone. The drawbacks of the prior art such as poor tone because of using an earphone, a shutting stress and an uncomfortable feeling because of inserting an earphone, an unsafe feeling because of hanging an earphone and a sanitation problem because of contacting an earphone can be improved. The device can be used with no restriction on occasions and time.

Abstract: A highly compact loudspeaker system having a spherical housing produces time and phase coherent sound waves in an omnipresent manner throughout a spatial listening environment. Within is a relatively low frequency sound driver and a relatively high frequency sound driver. The spherical housing has upper and lower hemispherical halves. The upper half is hollow and has holes through its surface over most of its surface. The lower half forms a sound compression propagation vacuum chamber for the low frequency driver. Mounted within the lower half is a crossover network conventionally connected to the sound drivers. Acoustic foam lines the interior wall surface of the lower half. The low frequency sound driver is mounted inverted, into the open end of the lower half, and then sealed air tight, at a lowered atmospheric pressure, while the high frequency sound driver is mounted upwardly, affixed to the backside of the low frequency driver.

Abstract: The outer face of a case which accommodates a whole microphone is coated by a material having a heat conductivity which is lower than that of a metal, and a material transforming temperature which is higher than the charge dissipating temperature of a dielectric layer for forming an internal electret, and which is higher than 260° C., so that the internal temperature rise can be mitigated by the thermal resistance and the thermal capacity of the whole interior. When a microphone is attached to an application equipment, particularly, the microphone may be passed through a reflow solder bath for a short time period. A heat-resistant structure which can prevent the function from being impaired by a high temperature in the period is provided.

Abstract: A micro acoustic transducer and manufacturing method are provided. Firstly, a substrate having one first and second cavities is provided. Then, a backplate with a plurality of acoustic holes is formed on the substrate, and a diaphragm is formed on the backplate. An air gap is formed between the backplate and the diaphragm. The air gap, second cavity, and first cavity are communicated with each other through the acoustic holes. A plurality of rings is formed around the diaphragm. These rings are used to hitch pillars formed on the substrate or fasteners can be formed on the substrate for fastening the diaphragm on fastener holes. Through the arrangement of the rings or fasteners used as the boundary structure of the diaphragm, the mechanical sensitivity of the diaphragm is improved. Moreover, the backplate is supported by a single crystal structure formed by etching the substrate such that the stability is promoted.

Abstract: A frame has an interior side and an exterior side. The frame is configured to extend around the back of a user's head. A first membrane is coupled to at least a portion of the interior side of the frame. In one embodiment, a second membrane is coupled to the first membrane. The first membrane and the second membrane define a receptacle and an opening that communicates with the receptacle. In one embodiment, a speaker is disposed in the receptacle. A first electrical wire has a first end electrically coupled to the speaker and a second end including a connector. The connector can be disposed proximate to the opening of the receptacle. The connector is configured to be electrically coupled to a second electrical wire.

Abstract: Provided is a wireless headphone including two earphones each including a plate, a housing, a cap for securing the housing to the plate, a winding mechanism provided in the plate, and a cable wound in the winding mechanism and having a male plug at one end; and a playing device (e.g., MP4 player) fastened on the plate of either earphone by the cap, the playing device including a female port adapted to securely, matingly receive the male plug. Pulling the playing device with the cable being pulled resiliently will enable a user to listen to music and/or watch pictures shown on the playing device. A further pulling of the playing device or the cable will retract the playing device to engage with the earphone.

Abstract: A first earpiece has a first side and a second side. A loop portion is connected to the second side. The first side includes a hollowed ear portion adapted to fit over a person's ear. The first earpiece is moldable in a multitude of shapes when a force is applied and returns to an original shape when the force is removed.

Abstract: The present invention provides an earphone storage structure comprising a necklace, two fasteners formed in the two ends of the necklace respectively and a stopper formed in the necklace. The size of the fasteners is less than the size of the stopper and the size of the earphones. Therefore, the earphone may couple with the necklace with the fasteners fastening the earphones. Moreover, the stopper and the fasteners may together determine the extendable distance of the earphones.