Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of the invention provide a system, method and apparatus for frequency calibration of a free-running, harmonic oscillator. A reference oscillator provides a reference frequency. An exemplary system comprises the harmonic oscillator, a frequency divider, a comparator, and a reactance modulator. The oscillator comprises a plurality of switchable reactance modules and a coefficient register, and provides an oscillation signal having an oscillation frequency. The frequency divider provides an output frequency as a fraction of the oscillation frequency. The comparator compares the output and reference frequencies and provides a comparison signal when the output frequency is not substantially equal to the reference frequency.

Abstract: An even number phase ring oscillator having at least eight, equally spaced phases. The oscillator includes at least eight stages, defining at least four pairs of stages, with each pair including a first stage and an associated second stage. The first stages are arranged such that an output of a first stage defines a primary input of another first stage, with the output of the first stage of the last pair defining the primary input of the second stage of the first pair. The second stages are arranged such that an output of a second stage defines a primary input of an another second stage, with the output of the second stage of the last pair crossing over the output of the first stage of the last pair and defining a primary input of the first stage of the first pair, thereby defining a closed loop.

Abstract: A temperature correcting apparatus divides an actually measured waveform of correcting voltages, which are required at each of different temperatures, by a minimum resolution of D/A conversion; obtains voltage digital values representing voltage values at individual dividing points of the actually measured waveform, and obtains times corresponding to the voltage digital values; prestores pairs of the voltage digital values and times together with addresses as correcting data; reads out the correcting data in response to the detection address representing the temperature; extracts or calculates from the correcting data the voltage digital values and times about the correcting voltages required by the detection address; and sequentially supplying a D/A converter with the resultant voltage digital values in synchronization with the corresponding times.

Abstract: A quartz crystal oscillator in which phase noise is reduced includes: a resonance circuit having a quartz crystal unit and a split capacitor connected to the crystal unit; a transistor for oscillation having its base connected to the node of the crystal unit and the split capacitor; an output line for connecting the mutual node of the split capacitor to the emitter of the transistor; a quartz crystal resonator that is inserted in the output line; and a temperature compensation mechanism for compensating the frequency-temperature characteristics of both the crystal unit and the crystal resonator.

Abstract: Method for stabilizing the frequency of a MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) reference oscillator, and a MEMS reference oscillator, wherein the method comprises following steps: using two or more MEMS components, wherein each MEMS component is characterized by a set of properties, and selectively combining the desired properties from the MEMS components.

Abstract: A microwave directional coupler includes a microstrip conductor formed on a dielectric substrate and forming a main transmission line having in and out ports that receive signals to be coupled. A substantially U-shaped microstrip conductor is formed over the dielectric substrate adjacent to the main transmission line and forms a secondary transmission line having a coupling section and coupler port. A load resistor is formed within the secondary transmission line, and the coupling section is less than a quarter wavelength of a center frequency.

Abstract: A power combiner/divider is disclosed that employs triaxial transmission line structures operatively coupled to provide a desired number of input/output ports. A balun is operatively coupled to the triaxial transmission line structures, and is adapted to couple out unbalanced currents flowing therebetween.

Abstract: Monolithic devices that include an acoustic resonator vertically integrated with electronic circuitry are described. In one aspect, a monolithic integrated device includes a substrate, electronic circuitry supported by the substrate, an acoustic isolator over the electronic circuitry, and an acoustic resonator on the acoustic isolator. A method of fabricating the monolithic device also is described.

Abstract: A filter structure, comprising a first signal line, a second signal line, a third signal line and a fourth signal line, said first and third signal lines defining an input port and said second and fourth signal lines defining an output port of a section of said filter structure, said section being defined by a first bulk acoustic wave resonator (A) which is connected between said first signal line and said second signal line, a second bulk acoustic wave resonator (G) which is connected between said third signal line and said fourth signal line, a third bulk acoustic wave resonator (C) which is connected between said first signal line and said fourth signal line, and a fourth bulk acoustic wave resonator (E) which is connected between said second signal line and said third signal line; is characterized in that a frequency pulling factor defined d of at least one of said acoustic wave resonators is non-zero, said frequency pulling factor d being defined by for first and second bulk acoustic wave resonators havi

Abstract: A plurality of surface acoustic wave elements, with an IDT electrode 2 and a pad electrode 3 formed on the principal surface of a piezoelectric substrate 1, are formed to be flip-chip mounted on a circuit board 5 and sealed using sealing resin 7. The circuit board 5 is diced integrally with the sealing resin 7 applying a rotating dicing blade 8 from the bottom surface side thereof to produce a plurality of surface acoustic wave devices. The side surfaces of the surface acoustic wave devices can be formed perpendicularly with dimensional accuracy without rounding or chipping an edge portion of the sealing resin 7.

Abstract: An inductor and capacitor implemented with build-up vias. The inductor and capacitor comprise a conductor plane, a dielectric layer, an inductor/capacitor inducing build-up via and a conductor layer. There is a conducting material in the inductor/capacitor inducing build-up via and a fist end thereof is in contact with the conductor plane. The length of the inductor inducing build-up via is larger than one fourth of a signal wavelength while the length of the conductor inducing build-up via is smaller than one fourth of a signal wavelength.

Abstract: A moving arm for a moving contact assembly in a telecommunication system circuit breaker is provided. The circuit breaker has a housing assembly, an operating mechanism, a trip device, and a current path assembly. The current path assembly includes a line conductor assembly having a fixed contact. The operating mechanism is structured to move between an on position, a tripped position, an off position and a reset position. The moving arm assembly also includes a movable contact structured to be disposed on the moving arm. The moving arm has an elongated body with an offset disposed at one end. The offset is structured to displace the movable contact relative to the longitudinal axis of the moving arm body.

Abstract: A universal magnetic switching assembly for detecting relative movement between first and second members, the universal switching assembly including, a flux directing device for selectively directing a majority of applied magnetic flux, such that an externally applied magnetic field cannot be used to defeat the magnetic switch assembly. The magnetic switching assembly also including at least one tamper switch to detect application of an external magnetic field.

Abstract: A magnet structure produces a field within a magnet gap. The field is provided at least in part by a pair of permanent magnets that are fixed in place by a frame. The frame fixes a magnet assembly that is adapted to hold the magnetic material composing the permanent magnets, such that the quantity of the magnetic material can be adjusted to suit the particular application. The magnetic material can be provided in the form of discrete magnetic elements, such as magnetic “bricks”. The frame also functions as the flux collector and return. Accordingly, the general geometry of the magnet structure is fixed, and the amount of magnetic material, and therefore the magnetic field strength, is adjustable.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electromagnetic component formed from adjacent conducting layers of a multi-layer PCB and two additional conducting layers in contact with the PCB. The inventive component includes one or more winding turns formed by connecting the multiple layers of the multi-layer PCB with conductive vias and by connecting the additional conducting layers to respective top and bottom surfaces of the PCB. In one embodiment, one of the conducting layers is soldered to a top conducting layer of the PCB and the other of the conductive layers is soldered to a bottom conducting layer of the PCB, effectively increasing the cross-sectional area of the top and bottom winding layers. In another embodiment, the additional conducting layers are separated from the adjacent conducting PCB layers by a layer of insulation, permitting the additional conducting layers to form separate winding turns.

Abstract: A high-current electrical coil includes a plurality of flat, electrically-conductive strips bent to define together a coil in which the electrically-conductive strips are disposed coaxially and extend longitudinally with respect to the longitudinal axis of the coil. Each of the electrically-conductive strips is bent to define at least a part of a turn of the coil. One electrically-conductive strip has an outer end carrying a first connector terminal for the coil and projecting outwardly of the coil; and another electrically-conductive strip has an outer end carrying a second connector terminal for the coil and projecting outwardly of the coil. Each of the electrically-conductive strips includes inner ends in electrical continuity with each other, and intermediate portions electrically-insulated from each other such that the plurality of electrically-conductive strips together define a coil exceeding one turn between the first and second connector terminals.

Abstract: A switch device includes a body with switch pivotably connected to a top thereof and two terminals extend through an underside of the body. A first contact point is connected to one of the terminals and a bi-metallic plate has a first end fixed to the other terminal. A second contact point is connected to an underside of a second end of the bi-metallic plate and located above the first contact point. A pull member has an upper end pivotably connected to the switch member and a lower end of the pull member supports the underside of the second end of the bi-metallic plate. An upper end of a push member is pivotably connected to the switch member and a lower end of the push member is in contact with the bi-metallic plate. A spring is biased between the push member and the body so as to provide a push force to the push member. A board movably received in a recess in an inside of the body and movable by an adjusting member extending through a hole through the body.

Abstract: In order to provide a current fuse with high solderability without containing harmful materials, solder chips containing 30 to 60 percent by weight of zinc, 0.1 to 2 percent by weight of copper, 0.1 to 1 percent by weight of nickel, and the remainder percent by weight being tin, or further containing 0.01 to 0.5 percent by weight of aluminum are inserted into the interior of the electrodes before pressing the electrodes into the ends of the substrate of the fuse, the exterior of the electrodes is heated to melt the solder chips, thereby connecting between the electrodes and the fuse wire.

Abstract: A system and method for a deflectable resistor. The deflectable resistor has a first layer of conductive material and a second layer of conductive material on a top surface of a substrate, said first layer of conductive material having a resistance that changes predictably. The change of resistance of the first layer of conductive material reflects an amount of deflection of the respective layer. A dielectric is placed over the first and second layers of conductive material. A third layer of conductive material is placed thereon. The dielectric material electrically insulates the first and second layers from the third layer.

Abstract: The system has a uniform system architecture that is designed for an access authorization request both with and without the use of a transponder. Should a transponder be used, only a corresponding transponder must be fitted in the key that can interact with an immobilizer coil specially provided for this in a receiving unit of the motor vehicle. In this case, the corresponding system requirements have also already been taken into consideration in the system architecture. As a result, the different system requirements for access and right of use systems to a great extent provide flexibility.

Abstract: A wireless transmitter used with an operator system controls movement of a barrier between limit positions can be used in an unsecure, single-button actuation mode, or a secure, multiple button actuation mode. The transmitter includes at least two transmitter switches, and a controller connected to the switches. The controller has a first mode of operation, wherein actuation of a single one of the switches generates a wireless signal receivable by the operator system, and a second mode of operation, wherein actuation of the switches in a predetermined sequence generates the wireless signal.

Abstract: A radio frequency identification transponder including a power supply and a dynamic memory array which stores data. When power from the power supply ceases the data in the dynamic memory array is validly maintained for a predetermined period of time. The dynamic memory array is responsive to an interrogating signal for selectively updating the data. Further claimed is a radio frequency identification transponder wherein a signal processor extracts an identifier from the interrogation signal and is responsive to the identifier and the stored data to determine whether some or all of the identifier is stored in the dynamic memory array. Further claimed is a system wherein a transmitter provides a plurality of temporally spaced interrogating signals which are received by a receiver which incorporates a signal processor that is able to determine the order in which transponders were first in receipt of the interrogating signal.

Abstract: A method and a system for data transmission between a first electronic device and a second electronic device, wherein the second electronic device is in a sleep mode. Transmission of data between the first electronic device and the second electronic device occurs while a microprocessor in the second device is in sleep mode and the wireless transceiver is in a wake mode. The first electronic device transmits data signals and the second electronic device detects the transmitted signal. A base band processor in the second electronic device optionally determines if the signal is from a known source. If the first electronic device is a known electronic device, an interrupt signal is generated to wake up the microprocessor in the second electronic device. The wakened microprocessor opens a communication port and disables the wake-up interrupt. In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the data receive line is directly coupled to a line that triggers an interrupt when a signal is detected.

Abstract: An electronic assembly may be contained in a label that performs time-temperature integration (TTI) and indicates that time and/or temperature levels have been reached that may compromise the quality, shelf life, or safety of the item to which the label is affixed. The label may be used on a wide variety of objects that require careful handling in terms of temperature and/or time elapsed before use. The labeling system includes circuitry that measures and calculates, and indicator(s) that signal that the time has come for discounted sale, and, later, that the time has come for disposal rather than sale.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and a device for communicating a signal over a power line. One embodiment may comprise a length of power cable that comprises a center conductor substantially surrounded by an insulator. A concentric conductor is disposed external to the insulator over a first portion of the cable. A coupling conductor may be disposed concentrically around a second portion of the cable external to said insulator and having a first end and a second end. The concentric conductor is absent in a manner to form a gap between the concentric conductor and the first end of said coupling conductor. A transceiver cable is coupled to the first end of said coupling conductor and a common mode choke may be disposed substantially around the entire circumference of a portion of said coupling conductor. Finally, the second end of the coupling conductor may be coupled to ground through a convenient neutral conductor.

Abstract: An intersection controlled by an intersection controller receives trigger signals from on-coming emergency vehicles responding to an emergency call. The intersection controller initiates surveillance of the intersection via cameras installed at the intersection in response to a received trigger signal. The surveillance may begin immediately upon receipt of the trigger signal from an emergency vehicle, or may wait until the intersection controller determines that the signaling emergency vehicle is in the field of view of the cameras at the intersection. Portions of the captured images are tagged by the intersection controller based on tag signals transmitted by the vehicle or based on detected traffic patterns that indicate a potential traffic violation. The captured images are downloaded to a processing facility that analyzes the images and automatically issues citations for captured traffic violations.

Abstract: A digital processor-based remote controller of a wireless remote control system includes a small number of manual input devices, such as keys and scroll wheels, and a graphical user interface. The remote controller can have a single scroll wheel with internal push-to-activate switch, and a small display. This configuration minimizes the size of the remote controller, while allowing for a large number of different control commands to be transmitted to the controlled system. In addition, the remote controller can be configured by the user for both right- and left-handed operation.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are provided for vehicle entry control using an imaged keypad. The apparatus includes a virtual interface for entry control of a vehicle having an imaging surface that defines a field of view. The interface includes a projected keypad image on the imaging surface having at least one image of a reconfigurable key within the field of view and a gesture detector and translator having a scope of operation within the field of view. The image of the reconfigurable key may have a configuration based on a user preference.

Abstract: A vehicle power outlet switch (10) can include a threshold detector (14) for comparing a predetermined threshold with a vehicle battery characteristic and a power switch (18) controlled by the output of the threshold detector. Note, the vehicle battery characteristic differs while the vehicle engine is turned on or turned off and the threshold detector provides an enabling signal to the power switch when the vehicle engine is detected as being on. The threshold detector can also provide a disabling signal to the power switch when the vehicle engine is off. The power outlet switch can further include a timer (16) coupled to an output of the threshold detector that continues to provide an enabling signal to the power switch for a predetermined time after the threshold detector detects that the vehicle engine is turned off. The timer can include or be a one shot timer.

Abstract: A method for parking a vehicle in which distances of the vehicle from obstacles as well as the length and/or width of a parking space are determined. Sensors are used for parking space determination as well as distance measurement in this context.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system and a method for the detection of the wear state of machine parts which are subject to mechanical wear, by means of an electronic transmitting/receiving device (38) and at least one transponder device (36), which is embedded in the machine part (16) and sends back an acknowledgement signal in response to a transmitted signal which is transmitted by the transmitting/receiving device (38), in which case the reaching of a predetermined wear value can be indicated by the destruction of the transponder device (36) and by the lack of the acknowledgement signal associated with this. The invention is based on the discovery that the arrangement of a transponder device at a specific position which is a measure of a predetermined wear state means that the operational readiness of the transponder device, on the one hand, is indicated in advance by its signal return, and the reaching of the predetermined wear value is indicated by its destruction.

Abstract: A security device includes a plurality of security detectors intercommunicating with each other. Each of the security detectors includes a first device for verifying a single zone verification time of the respective security detector and a second device for verifying a multiple zone verification time with another security detector corresponding to a distance between two security detectors at two different detecting areas. When one of the security detectors detects at least two triggered signals in the respective detecting area within the single zone verification time, the respective security detector activates the local warning system to produce a local warning signal. When two security detectors are intercommunicated with each other to detect two triggered signals in the detecting areas respectively within the multiple zone verification time, at least one of the security detectors activates the local warning system to produce the local warning signal.

Abstract: A combination airborne substance detection apparatus includes an enclosure, a first module disposed within the enclosure for detecting the presence of a quantity of a first airborne substance, a second module disposed within the enclosure for detecting the presence of a quantity of a second airborne substance, and an alarm module for producing a first perceivable emission when the first substance is detected and for producing a second perceivable emission when the second substance is detected. The first perceivable emission includes at least one of an audible and a visible emission that is distinguishable from the second perceivable emission. The first and second detector modules are each capable of independently and continuously detecting the first and second substances, respectively.

Abstract: In one aspect, a phone-interface device determines whether a problem has occurred at a control panel by determining whether a signal from the control panel has been received, and when a signal has not been received within a period of time, the phone-interface device transmits an error message to a monitoring station. In another aspect, the control panel determines whether a problem has occurred at the phone-interface device by determining whether a signal from the phone-interface device has been received, and when a signal has not been received within a period of time, the control panel transmits an error message to a user. In another aspect, the phone-interface device contains memory to buffer data transferred between the control panel and a monitoring station. In this way, a high-speed connection between the phone-interface and the monitoring station can be accommodated while using a lower-speed connection between the phone-interface device and the control panel.

Abstract: An automated meter reading power line communications system is provided, which may include measuring the utility usage of a first customer premises to provide first utility usage data, storing the first utility usage data in memory of a first device, wirelessly transmitting the first utility usage data from the first device, receiving the wirelessly transmitted first utility usage data at a second device coupled to a medium voltage power line, and transmitting the first utility usage data over the medium voltage power line.

Abstract: A system and method for receiving hazard and event information in a mobile unit and using that information to warn a user of an event or future hazard with reference to the mobile unit's location and/or intended direction of travel is provided. A hazard location algorithm compares a forecast location of each mobile unit with a forecast hazard and transmits a warning to each mobile unit that is predicted to encounter the hazard. As the mobile unit moves, its actual position is updated in an event center, and a revised warning is transmitted to the mobile unit as applicable. Warnings include audio warnings for playback and/or visual warnings for display on the mobile device. Users may also wirelessly report events or hazards to a central server in an event center by sending data to the event center via a wireless communications network. Secondary information may be included, based on the selected event type.

Abstract: A new computerized tracking system, IndeliTrak, that incorporates the state-of-the-art technologies including cell phones, GPS, Internet, and scanners to gather and distribute up-to-the-minute tracking data with little effort. As an example, a courier carries a mobile phone that is attached to a barcode scanner and programmed with IndeliTrak's tracking software. The mobile phone enables the courier to log in, retrieve his service schedule, verify each service location, log arrival/departure time, scan packages for pickup and delivery, and sign off. Scanned data are stored on the phone and transmitted to a customized IndeliTrak database. End users can track the packages via IndeliTrak's browser-based user interface almost instantaneously. IndeliTrak does not require unique package identifications (IDs) or barcodes. Acceptable IDs include radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, non-serialized barcodes, electronic product codes (EPCs), etc. The same ID code can be reused daily.

Abstract: Security systems, such as in a home or other building, are interfaced with one another so that alarm messages and other information regarding a first security system are communicated to a second security system. In response, a user at the second system can send commands to the first system, such as for arming or disarming the first system. A user interface device at the second system includes an output component, such as a display screen, for displaying alarm messages from both the first and second systems. Other information, such as video and audio data from the first system, can also be provided at the second system. An input component, such as a keypad, allows the user to enter commands for controlling both the first and second systems. Communication between the security systems may be realized via an RF link, telephone link, and/or computer network.

Abstract: A security system of the type wherein the occurrence of a monitored event, such as presence or motion of an individual at a first location, triggers an alarm at a second location. The invention provides a means of disabling the alarm during times when the device is subject to repeated actuation under conditions when the cause of the repeated actuation is know, as when workmen are present in the monitored location. An infrared sensor causes an RF transmitter to send a signal to a receiver. Switch means interposed between the receiver and alarm device have first and second states wherein the alarm-actuating signal from the receiver is passed and blocked, respectively, to the alarm. A push button is selectively operable to change the state of the switch means from the first to the second, whereby pressing the button effectively disables the alarm.

Abstract: A knob assembly with lock and a status indicator is mounted in a toilet stall door and has a tubular lock, an indicator and a battery container. The tubular lock is mounted through door. The indicator is mounted on an outer surface of the tubular lock. When the toilet stall door is locked, the indicator emits light. Consequently, people are able to determine the door is locked. With a clear and visible indication that the toilet stall door is locked, people will not push the door so the door will not be damaged.

Abstract: An RFID-based system for tracking, managing, dispensing and recycling bags, particularly retail and grocery-type bags such as t-shirt bags and the like. The preferred embodiment of the present invention contemplates a system wherein there is employed at a T-Shirt bag fabrication facility an RFID tag dispensing system for affixing an RFID tag to the thermoplastic film utilized in forming a T-shirt bag, which bag is formed into a stack. The RFID tag is associated with the bag at the time of manufacture, and information pertaining to said bag is saved in a central computer, which is subsequently used in shipping and management of the bag(s). A sensor bag rack is provided for supporting the bag pack during dispensing and use of the bags at the checkout counter, which supports the bag during loading and is configured to relay data on said bag as it is removed from the rack for placement in the customers cart, or otherwise provided to the customer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a multi-band, multi-mode RFID tag that uses a single antenna structure and integrated circuit to provide asset location information at any stage of a supply chain. The unified tag design operates at multiple frequencies (or bands) using the antenna structure, for example, 125 kHz, 13.56 MHz, 915 MHz, and 2.45 GHz, and preferably operates electrostatically (at lower frequencies) and electromagnetically (ay higher frequencies). An on-chip frequency monitor in the integrated circuit automatically determines which frequency is present and derives a local clock for the tag's integrated circuit, which can vary in accordance with the frequency or which can be constant. Alternatively, a phase locked loop circuit can be used to derive a local clock signal modulated into the interrogation signal. On-chip matching and power extraction circuits derive power for the tag from the interrogation signal, which is preferably passive.

Abstract: An imaging device for receiving a radio signal output from an RF tag attached to a subject to acquire identification information of the subject, includes: an imaging unit for continuously imaging a plurality of subjects to acquire a moving image; a radio receiver for receiving a plurality of radio signals respectively output from RF tags attached to the subjects to acquire a plurality of units of subject identification information respectively indicated by the radio signals, the subject identification information identifying a corresponding subject, the radio receiver moving together with the imaging unit and having directivity in a direction approximately the same as an imaging direction of the imaging unit; a moving amount calculation unit for calculating a moving amount of the radio receiver based on the acquired moving image; and a subject direction specifying unit for specifying directions of the subjects respectively identified by the plurality of units of subject identification information based on cha

Abstract: A method of providing directional information associated with moveable objects can include periodically receiving identification (ID) information at a mobile terminal from a moveable object via a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) signal. Location information associated with the ID information can be updated to provide updated location information for the moveable object. Updating the location information can be ceased when the moveable object is out of RFID range of the mobile terminal to maintain the updated location information as the most recently known location information for the moveable object.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for mapping data between a data tag and a database application using a generic and extensible mapping interface. A computer-implemented method includes: communicating with the data tag via a wireless interface using a data tag query protocol; communicating with a database application via a database interface using a database query protocol; reading a mapping definition; exchanging data between the wireless interface and the database interface by mapping between the data tag query protocol and the database query protocol within the mapping interface using the mapping definition; and storing the mapping definition separately from the mapping interface, providing separation between mapping interface and mapping definition.

Abstract: In a retroreflective display device comprising at least a surface-protective layer, information display layer, retroreflective layer and a back-protective layer, on or between these layers radio frequency identification unit or units enclosing radio frequency identification integrated circuit or circuits are disposed, and communication antenna or antennas which are connected to said radio frequency identification integrated circuit or circuits are installed. At the back of the retroreflective layer an illuminator is disposed. The retroreflective layer is retroreflective to the light coming from the front of the sign and is transmissive to the light from the interior of the sign.

Abstract: An interactive personal security system utilizing a portable object having embedded therein all or a combination of a microphone, still and video cameras, distance sensor, a timer, speakers, a motion sensor, a tracking transponder, a receiver, and a transmitter operably connected to a power source and a conventional microprocessor including input devices, random access memory, read only memory and a database. Sounds and images are transmitted to remote monitoring stations by radio waves or microwaves for radio or television broadcasting or recording on a tape recorder or VCR. Alarms are transmitted to telephones and beepers. Face and voice recognition software identifies the people speaking, playing or attempting to kidnap the child. Sensors identify the presence of persons or animals or a child wandering out of a restricted area. Speakers allow guardians to communicate two-ways with the child, thereby responding to the immediate needs of the child.

Abstract: Systems using RFID tags to identify subjects or objects using RFID readers located on a subject or in a suitable enclosure with associated host computers, stimulus generators and associated output devices are provided. The interactions can generate immediate or delayed stimuli involving one or more output types as well as recording of events.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for detection of a human body fall event. The fall detection system (100, 200) includes a monitoring unit (102, 202), including a plurality of accelerometers (106, 206), a processor (108, 208) and a wireless transmitter (110, 210). The plurality of accelerometers (106, 206) provide acceleration measurements to the processor (108, 208), the measurements describing the current acceleration of the person wearing the monitoring unit (102, 202) in all directions. The processor (108, 208) receives the acceleration measurements and compares the acceleration measurements to a value range to determine if the wearer is currently experiencing a fall event. The processor (108, 208) generates a signal in response to the detection of a fall event and the transmitter (110, 210) transmits the signal to a remote signal receiver (104, 204).

Abstract: A dark chamber is adapted to accommodate smoke particles. A photo emitter and a photo detector are disposed in the dark chamber. In a first region, a region where light emitted from the photo emitter passes and a region where the photo detector is capable of detecting light are overlapped, so that light emitted from the photo emitter and scattered by the smoke particles is detected by the photo detector. A photo converger converges light passed through the first region at a second region where is an outside of the first region.