Abstract: The muffler system of the preferred embodiment includes an outer membrane adapted to operate in a collapsed mode, wherein the outer membrane defines a first volume that facilitates portability and stowage, and in an expanded mode, wherein the outer membrane defines a second volume, which is larger than the first volume, that provides attenuation and muffling of the noise signature of the power system. The muffler system further includes an inlet coupled to the outer membrane and adapted to allow the exhaust gases and sound waves from the portable power system to enter the muffler system.

Abstract: The muffler comprises a tubular shell which is internally lined with a noise-deadening material and is closed at its ends by a front wall provided with an inlet connectable to receive exhaust gas, and by a rear wall. A first chamber and a second chamber, which are separated by a transverse wall having an inlet opening and an outlet opening, are defined within the tubular shell. A perforated inlet pipe extends within first chamber from the inlet to the inlet opening. Gas-piping elements extend within the first chamber and have one end open to the outlet opening, and another end connectable to the exhaust pipes. The inlet opening and the outlet opening are substantially equal in diameter to the inlet pipe, and are interconnected via a toroidal duct that is arranged within the second chamber and is substantially equal in diameter to the inlet pipe.

Abstract: The instant invention is a climbing device for belaying and rappelling. A tube is split into two pars that are hinged to pivot scissor-like. A loop of rope is inserted into the split tube and attached to the climber or an anchor with a carabiner. The split tube is open when the rope is slack and retains the one-piece tube belay device's characteristic advantages of smooth feed. The two parts pivot when there is tension in the rope, closing around the rope in a scissor-like movement that increases friction by pinching the rope against the carabiner, significantly reducing the brake-hand force needed to arrest and hold the weight of a climber. At least one spring applies the force that opens the spit tube when the device is not supporting a load. Alternate configurations include openings to control two ropes simultaneously; a lever to control the release of the rope when lowering a climber; and a means for attaching a second carabiner for rigging the device to belay a second with auto-braking.

Abstract: This invention relates to step assemblies and in particular, but not exclusively, to step assemblies for use in conjunction with fitted furniture such as is frequently found in the kitchen, dining room or garage or indeed shops. The assembly includes an open-mouthed chassis or carcass (15) and a body, generally indicated at (21), which comprises two dock portions (22) and (23), which are hinged at (24) so that they can take up either a flat storage configuration or a step forming configuration. For storage the body can be slid within the chassis, which sits beneath, for example, a kitchen unit, when the body is in its flat configuration.

Abstract: The purpose of this invention is to provide a floating ladder system for use on a platform. The floating ladder system includes a mounting section having a base for securely attaching to a platform and including two opposing tracks defining ladder leg receiving channels. The ladder system includes a generally vertical ladder having an upper and a lower portion, with a pair of opposed legs slidably disposed in receiving channels of the mounting section. The ladder system also includes at least one float connected to the lower portion of ladder. The float constructed and arranged to automatically translate from an at least partially submerged position for easy access to a free-floating position on top of the water.

Abstract: A scaffold bracket has a vertical planar base member defining an aperture adapted to receive a fastener for connecting to a vertical support member. The base member has two arms extending forwardly from opposing sides of the base member to form a mouth or a slit sufficiently wide to accept a brace end of a cross member. Mutually aligned openings on the two arms are configured to receive a fastener for releasable connection to the brace end and allowing the cross member to pivot on the arm. Slots are provided on the arms and work in combination with a pin extending through the slots and the brace end to limit the pivotal movement of the cross member with respect to the bracket. A clamshell half clamp fastened to the base member allows the bracket to be releasably attached to a vertical support tube of a scaffold assembly at any location to provide increased flexibility in assembling the scaffold assembly.

Abstract: Power distribution of an engine and an electric power storage device is determined according to a charge amount of the power storage device, and the charge amount of the power storage device is maintained in an adequate range. A power source device for working machines includes a hydraulic pump, a generator-motor, an engine, serving as a common power source, to which the hydraulic pump and the generator-motor are connected parallel, and a battery, serving as an electric power storage device, for storing a power thereof by the generator function of the generator-motor. The generator-motor is driven by a discharge power of the battery to perform the motor function.

Abstract: An automatic lubrication apparatus is designed and intended to be mounted on a hydraulic tool and can be driven by a hydraulic-pressure medium, in particular on a hydraulic hammer, and includes a lubricant pump (12) incorporating a pump element. The pump element of the lubricant pump is cyclically impacted by a cam, and the cam is operatively connected to a hydromotor from which torque is transferred so as to produce synchronous rotation.

Abstract: A power generating device comprising at least a gravity pressurizing device rotatably connected to a base, the power generating device has on its one end a restraining and pressing portion; when the gravity pressuring device is rotated on the base, it pushes the push-pressing portion on one end of a moving-to-and-fro linking member to render moving of the moving-to-and-fro linking member, a power outputting portion on the other end of the moving-to-and-fro linking member outputs energy for supplying energy source for various power equipment.

Abstract: The present invention comprises, in one embodiment, a system, method and process for delivery of classified goods and serviced items through a vehicle drive-thru facility, the facility having a plurality of vehicle drive-thru pick-up portals for goods or services orderable via an electronic or computer medium. The present invention comprises, in another embodiment, a computer controlled transport system for the variable or high speed retrieval and delivery of amalgamated classified goods or services at any location within the facility or adjacent to the facility.

Abstract: An anti-sway stabilizer accessory support means and a utility tray assembly are disclosed. The utility tray assembly may be readily attached to any standard scissors lift and provide convenient storage of frequently used items by a worker.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for stopping elevators especially when using at least one three-phase motor operated by a static frequency converter. According to the invention, a brake relay controls the brake of the motor such that releasing of the brake relay causes the motor to be decelerated while the brake relay is coupled to a protective circuit in such a way that the control pulses required for generating the driving motor field are safely blocked when the brake relay is released.

Abstract: In order to improve comfortable conditions of an elevator passenger car which are deteriorated by changes in gravity and vibrations since the elevator passenger car is rapidly decelerated, a speed control method and a speed control apparatus are provided which are capable of increasing floor arriving precision even when a set value of an arbitrary frequency is changed.

Abstract: Equipment for producing shaft information consists of a housing, a base, a first cover, a sliding guide with a code carrier and an electronic circuitboard with a sensor for detection of a code on a code carrier and electronic circuits for evaluation of the detected code. The housing has channels of different functions. The sliding guide can be inserted into a sliding guide channel. On movement of the lift cage the code carrier slides in the sliding guide past the sensor.

Abstract: A novel method of attaching a bicycle hydraulic rim braking system to a bicycle which allows it to accommodate a large variation in different bicycle wheel rim widths and still operate in an efficient manner.

Abstract: A brake disc capable of sufficiently absorbing thermal stress associated with thermal expansion and deformation of the braking section. The brake disc includes a mounting section for attachment to a wheel, a braking section located at the outside circumference of the mounting section for brake pads to be brought into sliding contact therewith, and a connecting arm section for connecting each of the plurality of mounting portions of the mounting section and the braking section. Connecting arms in the connecting arm section each extend from their respective ones of the plurality of mounting portions in one side direction different from the radial direction of the braking section to reach the braking section, and adjacent mounting portions are connected to each other at least through a connecting arm.

Abstract: A disc brake for vehicles, in particular to a pneumatically actuated disc brake for utility vehicles, is provided. The disc brake includes a brake caliper and an application device for applying the brake. The application device has a first component in the form of a rotary lever, which is displaceably guided on a second element, such as a surface of the brake caliper, by way of a needle bearing. The disc brake is characterized in that the inner ring of the needle bearing is embodied as a bearing cage made of plastic, the cage enclosing on its outside an evenly configured ring of sheet metal serving as the bearing exterior.

Abstract: A hydraulic disc brake master cylinder having a bar clamp attached to a master cylinder housing allowing the attachment of the master cylinder to a handle bar along a longitudinal clamp axis. The master cylinder also includes a cylinder wall associated with the master cylinder housing extending axially along the cylinder axis. The cylinder axis is not parallel to the longitudinal clamp axis. This embodiment further includes a reservoir for hydraulic fluid which includes a first wall which first wall includes only a radial portion of the cylinder exterior. The reservoir also includes an elastomeric diaphragm. The cylinder axis and the longitudinal clamp axis lie in a plane substantially bisecting the first wall. Thus, the symmetric master cylinder lever may be disposed on either the right or left portion of a handle bar without effecting operation of the master cylinder lever by a user.

Abstract: An electric brake comprises an actuator module including a module housing, a reciprocating ram, and an electric motor operatively connected to the reciprocating ram for selectively extending and retracting the reciprocating ram with respect to the module housing. The ram has an inner portion of non-circular cross-section and an outer portion of circular cross-sectional, and the housing has a guideway for the ram, which guideway has an inner portion of non-circular cross-section for interacting with the inner portion of the ram to prevent rotation of the inner portion of the ram, and an outer portion of circular cross-sectional. The actuator module can be equipped with a bi-stable holding brake having a first state permitting at least retraction of the ram and a second state preventing at least retraction of the ram.

Abstract: A blocking device, and a gear-drive unit containing such a blocking device, and a method for producing such a gear-drive unit for blocking a rotary motion of a shaft (14) relative to a housing (16) of the gear-drive unit (10), having a first, rotatable blocking element (32) and a second blocking element (34) which is displaceable relative to the first blocking element (32) by means of at least one electromagnet (44) and at least one restoring element (42), in which the blocking elements (32, 34) in the blocked state mesh in the axial direction with one another by form-locking, and the blocking device (30) is embodied as a separate, independent structural unit (31), which can be mounted as a unit (31) on the one hand onto the housing (16) and on the other onto the shaft (14).

Abstract: A spring system has a first pulling part with a first fastening element connected by a tension spring to a second pulling part with a second fastening element. The pulling parts are moveable relative to one another so as to increase or relieve stressing on the tension spring. A damping device damps the movement of the pulling parts in relation to one another. A cylinder is fastened on the first pulling part and a piston 3 is axially displacesably arranged therein, subdividing the interior of the cylinder into a first cylinder chamber and a second cylinder chamber. A piston rod connected to the piston is arranged on the second pulling part. The interior of the cylinder is connected to the surroundings via one or more restrictor openings.

Abstract: A glove box lamp switch is installed to a glove box damper including a damper cylinder at an end of which is connected to one side of an inner portion of an instrument panel and a damper piston is connected to one end of a glove box. The glove box damper is configured such that the total length varies depending on the opening and closing of the glove box and is filled with air so as to absorb an impact generated during opening and closing operations of the glove box of a vehicle. The glove box lamp includes a first terminal installed at one side of an interior of the damper cylinder and a semicircular shaped second terminal which installed to a stopping flange formed at one end of the damper piston thereby selectively contacting the first terminal by movement of the damper piston.

Abstract: A device for determining the viscosity of fluids. The device includes an injector, which has a piston and a hollow cylinder with a nozzle. The device further includes a cannula. The device also includes a forward-feed device with the aid of which the piston is displaceable at a uniform speed.

Abstract: A bellows (2) of a dust boot (1, 30) having large diameter parts (3) and small diameter parts (4) disposed alternately covers a piston rod (R) projecting from a cylinder (C). A bump stopper (B) fixed to the cylinder (C) projects into the bellows (2) as a projecting portion. The bellows (2) comprises a first section (M) which passes a projecting end of the projecting portion according to the elongation and contraction of the piston rod (R) and a second section (L) located therebelow. By making the small diameter parts in the second section (L) have a smaller inner diameter than the small diameter part located at a boundary between the first section (M) and the second section (L), the bellows (2) can be made slim without interfering with the bump stopper (B).

Abstract: A piston rod is connected to a piston and extends through a seal in the end face of a cylinder. A locking tube which surrounds the cylinder when the piston rod is retracted has a first end section mounted to the free end of the piston rod so that the locking tube is pivotable between a release position, wherein the locking tube is substantially coaxial to the piston rod, and a locking position, wherein the locking tube is inclined toward the piston rod. An opposed second end section has a supporting stop which can be positioned axially against the free end of the cylinder when the piston rod is extended and the locking tube is in the locking position. An actuable retaining device retains the locking tube in the locking position only by manually pivoting the locking tube into the locking position when the piston rod is extended.

Abstract: A gas spring (1) comprises a piston rod (4) projecting from an open end of a cylinder (2) so as to be able to elongate and contract axially, and a dust seal (10) which is in contact with the piston rod (4) to prevent dust from invading the cylinder (2). By fitting a seal protecting member (21) to the open end of the cylinder (2) to shield the dust seal (10) from exposure to the outside of the cylinder (2), protection of the dust seal (10) from deterioration and damage is enhanced.

Abstract: The method for manufacturing a mechanical part comprising a body fitted with at least one lining in plastic material, is characterized in that it consists in particular of: making the body of the part so that it comprises at least one detachable member defining, at least in part, an impression for over-moulding the lining, placing the body in a mould (25) as central core, closing the mould, injecting plastic material to mould the lining onto the body, opening the mould, removing from the mould the mechanical part comprising the body and its lining, detaching the detachable member from the body.

Abstract: The invention relates to an impact attenuator, which is arranged flexible longitudinally as well as sideways (as a trailer). The impact attenuator (1) comprises a rear part (2) with two wheels (22), an attenuating part (39 and a front part (4) with two pivot wheels (41) and a coupling part (5) for connection to the vehicle (6). The coupling part (5) comprises a damper (51) for dampening part of the force during a collision against the impact attenuator (1). During a minor collision against the impact attenuator the collision force is mainly absorbed by the damper (51). The damper (51) regains after a collision its original position and the impact attenuator can remain operative. During a larger collision against the impact attenuator the collision forces is absorbed also by the attenuating part (3).

Abstract: A handle of a two pulling rod suitcase includes a handle body and a pulling rod device disposed at opposite ends of the handle body. The handle body includes a casing pivotably disposed with a hinge member. The hinge member is disposed with a tooth portion at the outside thereof. The hinge member is connected with a spring for return. The casing at least includes first and second connecting members at opposite sides thereof. The first and second connecting members are mated with the tooth portion. Outer ends of the first and second connecting members are respectively disposed with first and second pressing members. The pulling rod device includes two pulling rod units and a transmission member. Each pulling rod member includes at least one pulling rod. The transmission member is pivotably disposed in the pulling rod. The transmission member is connected with the first and second connecting members or the first and second pressing members.

Abstract: An apparatus operating a hydrodynamic torque converter and a corresponding converter-bypass clutch of a transmission. The apparatus having a line system, a solenoid valve and a therewith coacting variable pressure controlling valve. A valve stem assembly respectively of the solenoid valve and the pressure control valve are controllable by subjection to a pilot pressure counter to a spring arrangement. A spent flow of the torque converter is, by way of a piston chamber of the converter-bypass clutch, which chamber is subjected to hydraulic fluid pressure of the spent flow of the torque converter, by means of an operational pressure aperture valve and a relief control aperture valve of the pressure control valve, connectable to a spent flow control aperture valve of the solenoid valve. By way of the piston chamber, this spent flow communicates with the hydraulic system through the spent flow control aperture valve of the solenoid valve.

Abstract: A device for operating a starter mechanism actively connected with a hydraulic supply circuit of a transmission unit. The starter mechanism has a piston chamber subject to hydraulic pressure for activating a frictional shift element and a hydraulic chamber subject to hydraulic pressure for the cooling and lubricating an area of the starter mechanism. A hydraulic pressure between a lubrication pressure control port of a second pressure relief valve and the hydraulic chamber and equivalent to a lubrication pressure, is exerted on a second back pressure outlet port of a first relief valve, which acts on a valve slide of the first relief valve in the opposite direction relative to the working pressure exerted on a first back pressure outlet port of the first relief valve so that the pressure feed-back of the hydraulic pressure to the first relief valve occurs additively to the pilot signal characteristic of the first relief valve.

Abstract: An apparatus for operating a hydrodynamic torque converter and a corresponding converter-bypass clutch of a transmission, having a solenoid valve communicating with a variable pressure control valve. The respective valve stem assembly thereof having surfaces which react to an application of hydraulic pressure. Each valve being controlled by a pilot pressure countering a spring arrangement. A spent fluid flow side of the torque converter communicates with a spent fluid flow aperture of the solenoid valve. The valve stem assembly related, to the solenoid valve is blocked by a supply aperture of the solenoid valve and is in operational connection with an auxiliary pressure control valve. A supply aperture of the variable pressure controller valve is connected with an operational pressure aperture of the pressure control valve, which, can be connected with a piston space of the converter-bypass clutch, which pressurized hydraulic fluid can be applied.

Abstract: In a wet-type multi-plate clutch comprising an externally-toothed plate and an internally-toothed plate each of which is formed by adhering a friction material on a core plate and in which torque is transmitted by engaging the externally-toothed plate and the internally-toothed plate, the friction materials are adhered on opposed surfaces of the externally-toothed plate and the internally-toothed plate which are opposed to each other.

Abstract: A drive system of a working vehicle including a main engine drivingly connected to a hydraulic pump. The hydraulic pump is connected to first and second hydraulic motors. When an undesirable operating condition is detected, a control device shifts an actuator associated with at least one of the wheels, to reduce the displacement volume of the hydraulic motors driving that wheel. In addition, shifts are made in the actuator of the respective other hydraulic motor and/or in the actuator of the hydraulic pump, in order to maintain a constant speed of travel. The control device shifts the actuator of the hydraulic motor of the other wheel toward greater displacement, and if that shift is insufficient to compensate for the undesirable operating condition, the control device will shift the actuator of the hydraulic pump in the direction of reduced displacement volume.

Abstract: A lock structure comprises an upper shell and a lower shell. A traverse through hole is formed between the assembled upper and lower shells. A coin insertion slot and a key plate insertion slot are oppositely formed on the upper shell. A stopping mechanism is pivotally mounted inside the upper shell. A restoring mechanism is mounted below the stopping mechanism. The restoring mechanism and the stopping mechanism can be driven and shifted by each other. Two swing arms are oppositely, pivotally mounted on the stopping mechanism. Two recessed edges are formed on the swing arms. Two hooks are mounted on the swing arms, respectively. A spring is coupled with the swing arms for forming front and rear clipping openings so as to clip a coin or a key plate. The restoring mechanism is composed of a second spring and two push plates. The push plates are coupled with another spring.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for determining the state of bank notes. Determination of the state of bank notes by which data of at least two different properties of the bank notes are evaluated involves linking the data of the at least two different properties of each bank note with each other, and deriving the state of the bank note from the linked data of the different properties.

Abstract: A pusher mechanism for pushing bottles formed in an I.S. machine from a dead plate to a conveyor. The pusher mechanism includes a pusher finger assembly which is supported by a housing and is movable about an axis of support and about the parallel axis of rotation of the housing. The axis of the two drive gears for effecting these rotations are coaxial.

Abstract: The present invention provides a conveyor system for influencing the spacing between successive products during transport thereof in a direction of transport between a charge end and a discharge end, comprising a number of end-to-end conveying modules, a main frame, to which the conveying modules are connected, each conveying module comprising a frame and a number of parallel endless conveyor belts which are passed over pulleys provided at the front side and the rear side of the conveying module in question, which pulleys are rotatable with respect to the frame, as well as drive means comprising a motor for driving all the conveyor belts of the module, said conveyor system further comprising control means for individually controlling the drive means of each conveying module, as well as a method for maintaining a conveying module that forms part of such a conveyor system.

Abstract: The invention relates to an overhead conveyor of the type that comprises at least one drive carriage (13) which is drivably arranged in a girder system and from which load-holding means (18) are suspended, and where the girder system comprises an elongate straight box girder (9) having a first inner space with rails (12) for the drive carriage (13) and a second elongate inner space comprising a driven endless belt (5, 6) with means (23) to be drivingly connected to the drive carriage.(13).

Abstract: A metal chain link designed to form a chain conveyor includes a pair of parallel plates connected by a pair of articulated joint cross pins with adjacent links of the chain and said plates being overlain by a cover forming the carrying surface of the link designed to snap-engage on opposite ends of the pins projecting laterally with respect to said link plates with the cover including first generically U-shaped metal part designed to embrace said plates and bearing holes for snap coupling with the ends of said pins on opposite sides of the link and a second generically U-shaped metal part overlying the first to define lateral link guide surfaces and an upper plate overlying the two U-shaped parts to form the carrying surface of the link. Said upper plate is provided with a cavity on the lower side to receive upper parts of the U-shaped parts overlying the chain plates.

Abstract: The invention relates to a conveyor for moving very heavy loads, consisting of a chain having widthwise multiple links and wherein, in longitudinal direction, the links are alternately of plastic and steel while the chain is provided as its bottom side with a continuous, one-piece rubber band. In order to have the conveyor move very heavy loads, it is provided that the plastic links in the chain have a combined bearing and pulling function and in themselves form a sleeve bearing with their underground.

Abstract: A control knob for a control panel assembly having a panel to which a push-and-turn switch assembly is mounted, with the switch assembly having a stem axially movable and rotatable to effect actuation of the switch assembly. The control knob has a cap and a skirt. The cap is axially immobile relative to the stem, and the skirt is coupled with the stem for axial movement therewith. The skirt is axially moveable relative to the cap. An axial force acting on the cap is not transferred to the stem and an axial force acting on the skirt will cause axial movement of the stem.

Abstract: Certain exemplary embodiments comprise a breaker interlock device adapted to mechanically resist switching a handle of a first circuit breaker from an OFF position to an ON position when a handle of a second circuit breaker is in an ON position, wherein the first circuit breaker is adjacent to the second circuit breaker.

Abstract: The present invention includes: a main voltage detection unit for detecting a voltage applied between main electrodes of an electrical power switching element; a control current source for injecting a current into a gate electrode of the electrical power switching element in accordance with the voltage detected by the main voltage detection unit; a main current detection unit for detecting a main current flowing between the main electrodes of the electrical power switching element; and an adjustment unit for adjusting a current of the control power source in accordance with the main current detected by the main current detection unit.

Abstract: A button device for an electronic device, includes a panel defining an opening, a button module, and a switch. The button module has two opposite ends attached to the panel. A button is suspended at a middle of the button module and aligned with the opening of the panel. A triggering member is movable together with the button. The switch is remained a pre-determined distance from the panel, and out of alignment with the opening of the panel. The triggering member is laterally inserted between the switch and the panel for triggering the switch when the button is pressed.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus with an illuminated button, the apparatus comprising a first operation button, a second operation button, a first board mounted with a first switch corresponding to the first operation button, wherein a portion of the first board is notched, a second switch corresponding to the second operation button, wherein the second switch is mounted below the notched portion of the first board, and a light source that is mounted below the second operation button.

Abstract: A mechanism for controlling circuit-closing/opening of power ratchet wrench, including: an elongated tubular main body for a user's hand to hold; a driving motor disposed in the main body; a transmission member disposed in the main body and connected with the driving motor for transmitting the power of the driving motor; a driving end disposed at the first end of the main body and drivable by the driving motor via the transmission member; a power supply for supplying power to the driving motor; a driving power supplying circuit disposed in the main body and electrically connected between the power supply and the driving motor, whereby the power supply can power on the driving motor via the driving power supplying circuit a controlling trigger, one end of the controlling trigger being pivotally connected with the main body.

Abstract: Please amend the application to include the following Abstract of the Invention: A remotely operable switch actuator for model train having a housing adapted to receive an electrical switch having a toggle, a slider translationally received by the housing and linked to the toggle, and a fulcrum for receiving mid portion of a connecting rod. The fulcrum may be translationally received by the housing, which when moved, alters the throw of the connecting rod. In certain embodiments of the invention, the slider has means for receiving a first end portion of the connecting rod where the second end of the connecting rod may engage a throw bar. In other embodiments, the actuator further includes a lever pivotally received by the housing, and linked at one end to the slider and the other end linkable to the connecting rod at one end thereof.

Abstract: Methods for pretreating and improving coking coal quality for producing blast-furnace coke by: (a) rapid-heating the coal charge in a fluidized-bed to a temperature range between not lower than 300° C. and not higher than the temperature at which the coal charge begins to soften, at a rate of 30 to 103 ° C./min., (b) classifying the rapid-heated coal charge to fine- and coarse-size coal, and then (c-1) briquetting the fine-size coal or (c-2) rapid-heating the fine- and coarse-size coal individually in a pneumatic preheater to a temperature range between not lower than 300° C. and not higher than the temperature at which the coal charge begins to soften, at a rate of 103 to 105 ° C./min., and (d) forming the fine-size coal.

Abstract: Pyrolyzing gasification system and method of use including primary combustion of non-uniform solid fuels such as biomass and solid wastes within a refractory lined gasifier, secondary combustion of primary combustion gas within a staged, cyclonic, refractory lined oxidizer, and heat energy recovery from the oxidized flue gas within an indirect air-to-air all-ceramic ceramic heat exchanger or external combustion engine. Primary combustion occurs at low substoichoimetric air percentages of 10-30 percent and at temperatures below 1000 degrees F. Secondary combustion is staged and controlled for low NOx formation and prevention of formation of CO, hydrocarbons, and VOCs. The gasifier includes a furnace bed segmented into individual cells, each cell is independently monitored using a ramp temperature probe, and provided with controlled air injection. Gasifier air injection includes tuyere arrays, lances, or both.