Abstract: A temporary clamping structure for electronics includes a bracket fastened to a ceiling surface of the interior of a room, an electronic device body connected to the ceiling surface by screwing down to the bracket, fitting holes formed on the bracket side, and a fitting pawl provided on the electronic device body and fittable into the fitting holes. The temporary clamping structure for electronics is arranged such that the fitting pawl is unfixed from the fitting hole by bending the tip end of second protrusion of the electronic device body in the direction in which the second protrusion goes away from the first protrusion.

Abstract: Signal Actuator device, having a support structure; a bottom drive shaft, tunable in a seat of the support structure; a first torsional coupling, integral with and surrounding the bottom drive shaft; at least a first cam torsionally coupled to the first torsional coupling in a selective manner for adjusting the angular position thereof relative to the bottom drive shaft; the at least one first cam actuating an electrical device supported by the support structure; a top drive shaft, torsionally coupled to bottom drive shaft in a selectively removable member; a second torsional coupling, integral with and surrounding the top drive shaft; at least a second cam torsionally coupled to the second torsional coupling in a selective manner for adjusting the angular position thereof relative to the removable top drive shaft; and the at least one second cam actuating an electrical device supported by the support structure.

Abstract: A power system including a power transfer device that prevents a common load from at once being powered by a main and auxiliary power source, and eliminates any possibility of back feeding the main power source from the auxiliary power source. First and second circuit breakers are mounted side by side in reversely positioned relationship and have handles joined by a coupler, so that movement of the coupler in either direction opens one circuit breaker and closes the other one.

Abstract: A horn switch gear includes a backward moving body, a stationary body, a biasing member, and a pair of contact members. The backward moving body, which is configured to move backward, faces the stationary body. The biasing member, which is interposed between the backward moving body and the stationary body, biases the backward moving body in a restoring direction. The contact members, which are brought into or out of contact with each other by a forward or backward movement of the backward moving body, are moved together with the backward moving body. The stationary body includes an interposition which is interposed between the contact members for separating the contact members while the backward moving body is in a restored position, and which moves away from between the contact members to bring the contact members into contact with each other while the backward moving body is in a backward position.

Abstract: An electronic switch comprises a substrate having a surface and an embedded electrode, a droplet of conductive liquid located over the embedded electrode, and a power source configured to create an electric circuit including the droplet of conductive liquid. The surface comprises a feature that determines a contact angle between the surface and the droplet.

Abstract: A touch panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a polarizing plate and a compensating plate. A first conductive layer is formed on the first substrate. The second substrate is formed so as to face the first substrate and has a second conductive layer facing the first conductive layer at a certain interval. The polarizing plate having a heat shrinkage ratio larger than that of the first substrate is laminated on a side, which is opposite to the second substrate, at the first substrate. The compensating plate having substantially an identical heat shrinkage ratio with that of the first substrate is laminated on a side, which is opposite to the first substrate, at the polarizing plate.

Abstract: A button protecting structure is for an electronic product. The electronic product comprises a housing, a printed circuit board (PCB) installed in the housing, and a button module installed in the housing and touchable with the PCB to execute specific functions. The button module has a plurality of bridge sections in which one end of each bridge section is positioned in the housing. The button protecting structure comprises a connection unit and a stopping unit extended from the connection unit. The connection unit is detachably positioned in the housing and located at one side of the PCB. And, the stopping unit is extended and installed at a bottom of the PCB and positioned in a displacement path of each button. Whereby, a plurality of electronic elements or the PCB is prevented from being damaged and broken owing to an overdoing exerted force generated an accidental pressing on the button.

Abstract: A method for processing garments. Soiled garments corresponding to a route are received and washed. The garments are configured for processing and stored based on the route. From storage, the garments may be transferred to a sorter and sorted based on a determined sequence within the route, transferred to a repair station, transferred to a steaming station or transferred to a delivery vehicle for delivery. After sorting, repairing or steaming, the garments may be conveyed back to storage or loaded onto a delivery vehicle for delivery. Also, from storage, garments may be added or removed from the route and the garments may be sorted or re-sorted based on the new number of garments in the route.

Abstract: A power supply device for electric discharge machining includes a switching circuit that supplies a discharge pulse current to an inter-electrode portion that is a portion between an electrode and a workpiece serving as another electrode arranged to be opposed to the electrode at a predetermined interval; and a pulse-width control unit that generates a control pulse signal of a predetermined pulse width in response to a detection signal for starting a discharge at the inter-electrode portion. The switching circuit includes a switching circuit including a switching element suitable for a high-speed operation and a switching circuit including a switching element suitable for a low-speed operation, and receives the control pulse signal in parallel.

Abstract: A light beam is used to cut a slot in a first side of substrate. An optical sensor monitors a surface of a second side of the substrate that is opposite the first side while cutting the slot. If the light beam breaks through the surface of the second side, the sensor detects the light beam.

Abstract: A method for cleaning a resonator in an oscillator, a laser being first used for the adjustment of the resonator, in that, using the laser, a dielectric material of the resonator is removed until a specified frequency is attained; the resonator being cleaned using the laser after the attaining of the specified frequency, in order to remove deposited products of the removal process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for improving properties of a solid material by providing shockwaves there through. Laser shock processing is used to provide the shockwaves. The method includes applying a liquid energy-absorbing overlay, which is resistant to erosion and dissolution by the transparent water overlay and which is resistant to drying to a portion of the surface of the solid material and then applying a transparent overlay to the coated portion of the solid material. A pulse of coherent laser energy is directed to the coated portion of the solid material to create a shockwave. Advantageously, at least a portion of the unspent energy-absorbing overlay can be reused in situ at a further laser treatment location and/or recovered for later use.

Abstract: A welding voltage judgment portion 16 of judging to see if a predetermined value of welding voltage inputted from an input device 11 falls within a predetermined certain range is provided, and when the aforementioned welding voltage judgment portion 16 judges that the predetermined value of welding voltage deviates from the certain range, a standard voltage corresponding to the aforementioned inputted predetermined value of welding current is selected from a unitary voltage table portion 19, making it possible to always keep the welding voltage stored in the welding device within a proper voltage range even when the worker inputs conditions deviating from the proper range during the operation of inputting welding conditions.

Abstract: An article suitable for metallurgical bonding having a first part having a lower surface, and a second part having an upper surface is disclosed. The lower surface of the first part is disposed at the upper surface of the second part to provide for a faying surface thereat. The faying surface has a plurality of channels having a depth equal to or greater than about 1 micron and equal to or less than about 1000 microns. The article is suitable for metallurgical bonding at the faying surface.

Abstract: Electric heating/warming composite fabric articles have at least a fabric layer having inner and outer surfaces, and an electric heating/warming element, formed, e.g., of die cut metallized textile or plastic sheeting or metal foil, affixed at a surface of the fabric layer and adapted to generate heating/warming when connected to a power source. A air-and-water droplet resistant and water vapor permeable barrier layer may be positioned, for example, adjacent to the fabric layer; e.g., with the electric heating/warming element formed thereupon or at least partially impregnated therein, e.g. in a fabric laminate or in a composite formed by application of heat and pressure to at least one layer of a barrier film disposed adjacent thereto, including to protect the electric circuit, e.g. against abrasion, moisture, and or against physical stress due, e.g., to repeated crushing, bending or flexing. Methods of forming electric heating/warming composite fabric articles are also described and claimed.

Abstract: A wafer holder is provided in which local heat radiation in supporting and heating wafers is kept under control and temperature uniformity of the wafer retaining surface is enhanced, and by making use of the wafer holder a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus suitable for processing larger-diameter wafers is made available. In a wafer holder (1) including within a ceramic substrate (2) a resistive heating element (3) or the like and being furnished with a lead (4) penetrating a reaction chamber (6), the lead (4) is housed in a tubular guide member (5), and an interval between the guide member (5) and the reaction chamber (6) as well as the interior of the guide member (5) are hermetically sealed. The guide member (5) and the ceramic substrate (2) are not joined together, and in the interior of the guide member (5) in which the inside is hermetically sealed, the atmosphere toward the ceramic substrate (2) is preferably substantially the same as the atmosphere in the reaction chamber (6).

Abstract: A semiconductor heating apparatus, in which, when measuring the electrical properties of multiple chips formed on a large size wafer, only one or a several chips are heated uniformly, and the other chips are on standby at a low temperature. The semiconductor heating apparatus includes a heating part for mounting and heating the workpiece, a support part which supports the heating part, and a cooling module which contacts the support part. A plurality of heating parts and supporting parts are joined together. The workpiece mounting surfaces of the plurality of heating parts are preferably constructed in the same plane. In addition, there is preferably a thermal insulating material distributed underneath the support part. The heating part is preferably a ceramic heater.

Abstract: To be provided are a heat treatment apparatus having blocking members which block gaps between the side walls of nozzle boxes provided with slit nozzles, whose size in the lengthwise direction is greater than the width of a sheet, and the side walls of a heat treatment chamber, and gas having a uniform velocity fluctuating no more than ±25% in the lengthwise direction of the slit nozzles is blown out of the slit nozzles to subject the sheet to heat treatment, resulting in little unevenness of temperature in the widthwise direction and reduced energy loss, and a heat treatment method using this heat treatment apparatus.

Abstract: An electric cooking assembly includes a cooking surface having supported under the surface an electric heater incorporating an electric heating element and a temperature limiter including a thermally responsive assembly incorporating only a single switch, the switch being adapted to open at a predetermined sensed temperature. A control is provided, adapted to energise the electric heater from a power supply through the switch of the temperature limiter. A modular electronic monitoring device is provided, separate from the control, adapted to monitor energising of the electric heater and to activate a signal device when the cooking surface is too hot to touch.

Abstract: A method of making a flexible sheet heater includes the steps of (i) bonding an electrically conductive fabric and an support member formed of a PET film and a layer of acrylic together, ii) stamp-cutting the electrically conductive fabric to form a heating element having a predetermined loop, iii) attaching two electrical terminals to two distal ends of the heating element respectively, iv) bonding a first flexible protective sheet member to one side of the heating element opposite to the PET film, v) removing the PET film from the heating element; and vi) bonding a second flexible protective sheet member to the other side of the heating element opposite to the first flexible protective sheet member so that the heating element is sandwiched between the first and second flexible protective sheet members.

Abstract: An electromagnetic induction heating apparatus capable of uniformize a temperature distribution in a longitudinal direction of an induction heating member includes: an exciting coil (magnetic flux generation means); a fixation roller (induction heating member) for generating heat by electromagnetic induction heating by action of magnetic flux generated by the exciting coil the induction heating member heating a material to be heated through heat generation thereof by introducing the material to be heated into a heating portion and conveying the material to be heated in contact with the fixation roller; and magnetic flux shielding plate (magnetic flux adjusting means) for changing a distribution of a density of an effective magnetic flux which is the magnetic flux generated by the exciting coil and actable on the fixation roller, in a longitudinal direction of the heating portion perpendicular to a conveyance direction of the material to be heated.

Abstract: A heating apparatus has an induction heat generation member for electromagnetic induction heat generation by the magnetic flux at a heating portion, wherein a material to be heated is introduced to the heating portion and is fed in direct contact with the induction heat generation member or in contact to a heat transfer material for receiving heat from the induction heat generation member; a magnetic flux adjusting unit for changing a distribution of a density of an effective magnetic flux actable on the induction heat generation member with respect to a widthwise direction perpendicular to a feeding direction of the material to be heated; wherein magnetic flux adjusting unit has a plurality of steps which extend in the feeding direction and are selectable to change the distribution of the magnetic flux density in response to a width of the material measured in the widthwise direction, wherein a step of the steps for a largest magnetic flux adjustment region measured in the widthwise direction is largest.

Abstract: Toaster cum microwave oven having a heater for toasting bread, including a memory for storing a voltage level to a heater according to the function of the toaster the user selects, a temperature sensor for sensing an inside temperature of the toaster, and a microcomputer for controlling a toasting time period according to a kind and a toasting level of bread the user selects, and an inside temperature of the toaster, and controlling the microwave oven according to a command received through the first key input part, thereby permitting toasting bread to a desired degree of toasting regardless of the inside temperature and continued user of the toaster.

Abstract: A lighting system for providing a selection of different colors of light and a desired duration that the light remains on includes a light housing and a hook portion being attached together. The hook portion is configured to engage the support surface and suspend the light housing from the support surface. Each of a plurality of light emitters is coupled to the light housing. Each of the light emitters is configured to emit a color of light different than other ones of the light emitters. A globe is couplable to the light housing and extends over the light emitters. A control assembly is operationally couplable to the light emitters. The control assembly is configured to engage a power source. The control assembly controls which of the light emitters is energized and a duration the light emitters are energized.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the disclosure relates to a method for determining illumination parameters for a sample, the method may include obtaining an absorption band of the sample; obtaining an emission band of the sample and determining the illumination parameters for the sample as a function of the absorption band and the emission band of the sample.

Abstract: A solid-state imaging device comprises: an imaging section including a plurality of unit pixel portions arranged along a row direction and a column direction, each of the plurality of the unit pixel portions including a charge storage section, a reset section for resetting the charge storage section, a photoelectrical conversion section, a transfer section for transferring the charge, which is photoelectrically converted by the photoelectrical conversion section, to the charge storage section, and a signal outputting section for outputting a signal corresponding to the charge stored in the charge storage section, and is provided so as to share at least a part thereof with at least a part of the reset section; a vertically scanning section for vertically scanning the plurality of unit pixel portions on a row basis: and a driving voltage control section for controlling a driving voltage.

Abstract: The invention provides a display device, a driving method thereof, and an element substrate that a high image quality can be realized and a deterioration of a light emitting element can be improved. The invention includes a plurality of pixels arranged in matrix. Each of the plurality of pixels includes a light emitting element, a transistor, and an alternate current driving bypass element. The light emitting element and the transistor are connected in series and the alternate current driving bypass element and the transistor are connected in parallel.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus capable of suppressing deterioration of image qualities and output properties is provided having one or more output circuits in series and a buffer circuit 6, and processing luminance signals from photodetectors to output image information, the buffer circuit performing impedance conversion on signals outputted from a final output circuit of the one or more output circuits, the final output circuit being a source follower circuit that has an active element and a current source circuit 5 which is inserted between a source terminal of the active element and a reference voltage terminal, wherein the current source circuit and the buffer circuit 6 are external to a solid-state image sensor 1 having the photodetectors, and a main part of the current source circuit 5 and a main part of the buffer circuit 6 are in a single package.

Abstract: An image sensor device for outputting digital signals and a method thereof are disclosed. The image sensor device has a sensor module, a photoelectric converter module, an encoder module and a decoder module integrated with each other. The digital signals are outputted by the photoelectric converter module, are transferred to the series outputs by the encoder module, and then the decoder module takes the place of the ADC for transferring the series outputs to parallel digital signal outputs. Hence the present invention improves the defects (such as transmission interference, transmission decay and power consumption) of the analog signal, and removes the ADC from the image sensor device for reducing production costs. Furthermore, the image sensor device has some advantages for providing good image quality, easy assembly and reducing both power consumption and cost.

Abstract: The present invention relates to image sensing devices, image sensor modules, and associated methods. One aspect of the invention is directed toward an imaging device that includes a carrier having a first surface, a second surface generally opposite the first surface, and carrier contacts. The carrier contacts are carried on the second surface of the carrier. The device further includes an image sensor module having light sensing elements and a support. The support has a first surface, a second surface generally opposite the first surface, and support contacts. The image sensor module is located relative to the carrier so that a portion of the first surface of the support faces a portion of the second surface of the carrier and so that a portion of the image sensor module extends past the first and second surfaces of the carrier.

Abstract: An image detecting module. The image detecting module comprises a base, a seat movably disposed on the base, an image detecting unit disposed on the seat, a first guide member by which the seat is joined to the base, moving relative to the base in a first direction, a first coil disposed on either the base or the seat, a first magnet disposed on either the base or the seat and opposite to the first coil, and a first Hall element disposed on either the base or the seat and adjacent to the first coil. A magnetic force is generated between the first coil and the first magnet by providing a voltage to the first coil, thereby moving the seat in the first direction along the first guide element.

Abstract: An optical sensor includes a light receiving element in which a current corresponding to the amount of received light flows between one end and the other end thereof, a comparator which compares a voltage at the one end of the light receiving element with a predetermined threshold voltage to output a logical signal based on the comparison result, an initialization circuit which initializes the voltage at the one end of the light receiving element to the threshold value or a voltage approximate to the threshold voltage before detecting the amount of the received light, and a voltage changing circuit which changes the voltage at the one end of the light receiving element by a predetermined voltage after completing the initialization. In the optical sensor, after changing the voltage by the voltage changing circuit, a period until the logical signal output from the comparator is logically inverted is expressed as a value corresponding to the amount of the received light.

Abstract: A CCD imaging array and a charge measurement amplifier for use in such imaging arrays is disclosed. The array includes a plurality of pixels that accumulate charge when exposed to light, a readout amplifier having input and output ports. The readout amplifier has a variable gain that is set by a gain control signal. The readout amplifier also includes a reset path between the input and output ports, the path having an impedance controlled by a reset signal. A controller generates the gain control signal and the reset signal during a charge measurement cycle. Initially the gain is set to a first value after generating the reset signal. The gain is changed to a second value during the charge measurement cycle if the output signal exceeds a first threshold value. The readout amplifier can be constructed from an operational amplifier having a capacitive feedback loop.

Abstract: A method is provided for forming a semiconductor-detection device that provides internal gain. The method includes forming a plurality of bottom trenches in a bottom surface of an n-doped semiconductor wafer; and forming a second plurality of top trenches in a top surface of the semiconductor wafer. The bottom surface and the top surface are opposed surfaces. Each of the bottom trenches is substantially parallel to and substantially juxtaposed to an associated one of the top trenches. The method further includes doping the semiconductor wafer with at least one p-type dopant to form a p-region that defines at least one n-well within the p-region, wherein a p-n junction is formed substantially at an interface of the n-well and the p-region; and removing a portion of the bottom surface to form a remaining-bottom surface, wherein a portion of the n-well forms a portion of the remaining-bottom surface.

Abstract: A wide angle reflector which can work in conjunction with a wide-angle sensor system for testing the wide angle reflector. In this case, reflex sensors transmit light onto a cube corner part surface, and measure the retro-reflected light. If the direction of irradiation of the light deviates too strongly from the normal to the cube corner part surface, the retro-reflective light, which serves as signal, is retro-reflected too weakly, or is not retro-reflected at all to the transmitter. This wide-angle sensor system with a cube corner part surface permits the observation of a large surface with an aperture angle of 80° and more. In addition, the wide-angle sensor system with cube corner part surface comprises a gauge for selecting the observation angle and the cube corner part surface which comprises a multiplicity of cube corners.

Abstract: One embodiment described relates to an optical displacement sensor for sensing movement of a data input device across a surface by detecting displacement of optical features in a succession of images of the surface. The sensor includes a detector having an array including a number (N) of sets of photosensitive elements, each set having a number (M) of photosensitive elements, where M is greater than two and not equal to four. Signals from each of the photosensitive elements in a set are electrically coupled or combined with corresponding photosensitive elements in other sets to produce a total of M independent group signals from M interlaced groups of photosensitive elements. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: A method and a measurement setup for determination of optical properties of a device under test in both directions in transmission and in reflection, includes a coding device distinguishably coding at least two parts of a provided measurement signal, feeding elements feeding the at least two parts into the DUT from both directions, receiving elements receiving the signals from both directions transmitted and reflected by the DUT, identifying at least the coded parts in the signals transmitted and reflected by the DUT, and analyzing at least the identified parts to determine at least one optical property of the DUT from both directions in transmission and in reflection.

Abstract: System for scanning a surface, including a light source producing an illuminating light beam; an objective lens assembly, located between the light source and the surface; at least one light detector; an apodizator located between the light source and the objective lens assembly; and a relay lens assembly located between the apodizator and the objective lens assembly, wherein the light source produces an image of the illuminating light beam on the apodizator, the apodizator blocks at least a portion of the illuminating light beam, the relay lens assembly images the blocked illuminating light beam at an entrance pupil of the objective lens assembly, and wherein at least one of said at least one light detector, detects light reflected from said surface.

Abstract: A scanning laser microscope that can quantitatively display a laser irradiation power on a display unit and that can suppress fluctuations in the laser irradiation power is provided.

Abstract: An optical scanner for three-dimensional scanning comprises: a support bed; a flat, transparent plate; guide rails under the transparent plate; a carriage slidably attached to the guide rails; and one or more sensors attached to the bed/case or carriage. For three-dimensional imaging, multiple scanned images of the object are obtained, each of which is from light reflecting off the object at a different angle with respect to the path of the carriage. This is done by shining light on the object and appropriately channeling reflected light, from at least two different directions, into the sensor(s). In one embodiment, the carriage has three CCD sensors, one oriented rearwards (with respect to the path of travel of the carriage), one oriented vertically, and one oriented forwards—each effectively “sees” the object from a different orientation. The multiple scanned images can be used for stereoscopic viewing and/or three-dimensional rendering using a computer.

Abstract: A method of disassembling an image sensor package, which includes a substrate and a glass layer at opposite sides. The method includes the steps of: providing a film tape adhered to the glass layer; providing a vacuuming means to suck the substrate of the image sensor package; and moving the vacuuming means away from the film tape to peel the glass layer off the image sensor package.

Abstract: Ion injection in a drift tube apparatus for mobility spectrometry was accomplished without conventional ion shutters such as the Bradbury-Nielson or similar designs common to such drift tubes. Instead ions were passed between the ion source and drift region by using time-dependent electric field gradients that act as ion barriers between ordinary drift rings. Benefits of this design are simplicity and mechanical robustness. This ion injection technique dynamically accumulates the ions created between shutter grid pulses, as does the Bradbury-Nielson method. The invention provides not only structural improvements to the well known apparatus, but also provides inventive methods for operating a drift tube apparatus in achieve maximum analyte injection efficiency and improving ion detection sensitivity. Improving ion detection sensitivity of drift tubes has practical experimental application. Incorporation of the inventive apparatus into a smoke detector is a further practical application of the invention.

Abstract: A cantilever device for scanning a surface comprises a support, a tip platform and a flexible arm arrangement. The tip platform has a plurality of tips. These comprise at least two contact tips providing points of contact with a surface to be scanned, and a scanning tip for scanning the surface, where the scanning tip may be one of the two or more contact tips provided on the platform. The flexible arm arrangement connects the tip platform to the support and allows orientation of the platform, via flexing of the arm arrangement, to bring the contact tips into contact with a surface to be scanned. The platform is then at a well-defined orientation relative to the scan surface, and the scanning tip is appropriately positioned for the scanning operation. Scanning probe microscopes and data storage devices incorporating such cantilever devices are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to uncooled infrared detector with infrared absorption structure in which the supporting layer, detection layer, protecting layer, and dielectric layer construct ?/4 resonating absorbtion structure as a single body. In order to enhance the characteristic of uncooled infrared detector, it is essential for the infrared absorption layer to absorb incident infrared with high efficiency. The present invention is characterized in that the infrared detector with unified absorption layer includes an infrared detection film, a device protecting layer, a supporting layer for thermally isolated structure, and a dielectric layer, etc. in its absorption structure. Due to this characteristic, highly efficient infrared absorption is possible with much less thermal mass than the absorption layer for the structure of existing metal/dielectric/metal structure and regardless of the distortion of floating structure caused by fabrication fault rather than air cavity ?/4 structure.

Abstract: A bolometric detector including an absorbing part intended to convert incident electromagnetic radiation into calories, an active part (2) including a sensitive area made of a bolometric material the resistivity of which varies, in a known manner, with temperature, and electrodes that are in contact with the bolometric material (6) over at least part of their surface area. Support areas or posts (3) intended to maintain the active part (2) are suspended above a substrate (1) that accommodates, in particular, the read-out circuit associated with said detector and to ensure electrical conduction between the read-out circuit and the active part, the support areas or posts (3) have regions of non-uniform cross-sectional area between their point of contact with the substrate and the area where they are joined to the active part or being associated with elements that have such non uniformities.

Abstract: A gas sensor module for the spectroscopic measurement of at least one gas concentration, including at least: a spectroscopic gas sensor having a sensor chip which has a micropatterned measuring structure, and having an IR-transparent cap chip covering the measuring structure; a premolded package having a package bottom and a package edge to which a cover having a screen opening provided above the measuring structure is attached; a filter chip provided between the cover and the cap chip; and a lead frame which is partially injected into the premolded package and has multiple leads that include connecting pins for contacting a substrate and contact pads which contact the contact pads of the gas sensor, the connecting pins being bent upward from the package edge. The gas sensor module is mountable by its connecting pins to a substrate in such a way that the measuring structure having the filter chip is positioned directly opposite a substrate opening.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for improved correction of drift in an infrared measuring instrument. The measurement signal furnished by a thermal detector is split into a direct voltage component and an alternating voltage component. By means of calibration curves (24, 27), a calculated comparison variable T DC , korr 900 is formed from a measured, averaged concentration value c AC1 900 . The correction value ?T for the drift correction is obtained from the difference between the corresponding measured size of the direct voltage component T DC 900 and the comparison variable T DC , korr 900 .

Abstract: A process for measuring the moisture content in a quantity of PuO2 powder. The process detects the content of thermal neutrons emitted by the quantity of PuO2 powder and then deduces its moisture content from a value of the detected content assuming a relation determined between the proportion of thermal neutrons emitted by a quantity of PuO2 powder and the known moisture content in this quantity of PuO2 powder.

Abstract: A method is for operation of a counting radiation detector, in particular of a counting X-ray detector, with improved linearity, in which each detector element of the counting radiation detector supplies counting pulses at counting rates as a function of a number of radiation quanta which occur per unit time during operation. In the method, the counting rates which are supplied from each detector element or from subsections of the detector element are converted via a functional relationship to actual counting rates or are multiplied by correction factors which are dependent on the magnitude of the counting rates. The correction factors are determined in advance for the respective detector element or for the subsections of it, and any discrepancy (which occurs as a result of a dead time of the detector element, for example) in the counting rates is corrected from the actual number of radiation quanta which arrive per unit time.

Abstract: A UV fluorescence detection system is provided comprising a dielectric barrier-discharge excimer lamp, an applied excitation source for communication with the excimer lamp; a fluorescence chamber having a sample gas containing sulfur dioxide, a light sensitive detector is in operative association with the sample chamber; and a signal analyzing and conditioning device for determining the sulfur dioxide content of the sample. The dielectric barrier-discharge excimer lamp possesses a krypton-chloride excimer fill gas mixture. An excitation interference filter and a fluorescence filter may be used in association with the lamp and chamber.