Abstract: N-Aryl or N-heteroarylformamides are prepared by hydrogenating a corresponding nitroarene or nitroheteroarene with formic acid and/or ammonium formate as hydrogen donor and formylating agent in the presence of at least one noble metal-based hydrogenation catalyst and a vanadium or molybdenum compound as co-catalyst.

Abstract: Provided is a method for purifying a quaternary alkyl ammonium salt enabling the obtainment of a particulate quaternary alkyl ammonium salt having a low water content at a high yield which is suitably used as an electrolyte in an electrolytic solution. The method for the purification of a quaternary alkyl ammonium salt comprises dispersing a quaternary alkyl ammonium salt to be purified into an organic solvent to allow it to form a suspension there. The alkyl groups constituting the quaternary alkyl ammonium salt have 1 to 5 carbon atoms each. The quaternary alkyl ammonium salt to be purified is dispersed into the organic solvent to make a suspension, and then the particles are washed with an alcohol solvent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing tolterodine of the formula (1) or its salt, which comprises a step reacting a compound of the formula (2) with a base to obtain a reaction product; a step reacting the reaction product with a compound of the formula (3) to obtain a compound of the formula (4); and a step eliminating the protective group from the compound of the formula (4), and also provides a process for producing the compound of the formula (3).

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing a muscone represented by (1) by subjecting a citronellic acid derivative and an undecenoate to a Claisen condensation reaction to produce a keto ester compound represented by (2) decarboxylating the keto ester compound to produce 2,6-dimethyl-8-oxy-2,17-heptadecadiene, cyclizing the heptadecadiene using a metathesis catalyst to produce a 6-dehydromuscone represented by (3) and then hydrogenating the double bond.

Abstract: Random fatty alcohol alkoxylates with low temperature stability which are polymerization products of fatty alcohols, ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, according to the general formula (I): R1O[(EO)n(PO)m]—H ??(I) wherein R1 represents an alkyl group having from about 6 to about 22 carbon atoms, each EO represents —CH2CH2O—, each PO independently represents —C(CH3)HCH2O— or —CH2C(CH3)HO—, wherein n represents the average number of EO units present in each random fatty alcohol alkoxylate and has a value of from about 2 to about 7, and wherein m represents the average number of PO units present in each random fatty alcohol alkoxylate and has a value of from about 1.5 to about 3; are disclosed. A process for the production of such random fatty alcohol alkoxylates and methods of their use in water-dilutable concentrates are also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to 1,2-di(4-hydroxyaryl)tetrafluoroethanes of the general formula (I) wherein R are each, independently of one another, hydrogen, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, COOR2, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy, C1-C4-alkylthio, C1-C4-perfluoroalkyl, C1-C4-perfluoroalkoxy, C1-C4-perfluoroalkylthio, C1-C4-polyfluoroalkyl, C1-C4-polyfluoroalkoxy, or C1-C4-polyfluoroalkylthio, R2 is C1-C4-alkyl, and n is an integer from 0 to 4. This invention further relates to the preparation of such compounds as well as to precursors and intermediates that can be used in their preparation.

Abstract: Methods and materials are disclosed for the recovery of valuable hydrofluorocarbons and subsequent conversion to environmentally inert compounds. More specifically methods and materials are provided for recovering hydrofluorocarbons such as HFC-227, HFC-236, HFC-245, HFC-125, HFC-134, HFC-143, HFC-152, HFC-32, HFC-23 and their respective isomers. Processes are provided for converting hydrofluorocarbons such as these to fluoromonomer precursors such as CFC-217, CFC-216, CFC-215, CFC-115, CFC-114, CFC-113, CFC-112, HCFC-22, CFC-12, CFC-13 and their respective isomers. Materials, methods and schemes are provided for the conversion of these fluoromonomer precursors to fluoromonomers such as HFP, PFP, TFP, TFE, and VDF.

Abstract: Describes a method for recovering trans-1,2-dichloroethene from a liquid feed composition comprising both the cis-and trans-isomers of 1,2-dichloroethene and contaminating amounts of other chlorinated hydrocarbons, e.g., lower alkyl chlorinated hydrocarbons, such as C1-C2 chlorinated hydrocarbons. In one of the described methods, the liquid feed composition is introduced into a first distillation column 10 wherein the stereoisomers and chlorinated hydrocarbons more volatile than the stereoisomers are removed as overhead 12 and charged to a second distillation column 20. In column 20, the stereoisomers are separated from the more volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons, and a bottoms fraction 24 comprising the stereoisomers is charged to a reactive distillation column 30 wherein the cis-isomer is isomerized to the trans-isomer in the liquid phase and in the presence of an organic free-radical initiator, e.g., an azonitrile initiator.

Abstract: An aromatics complex flow scheme has been developed. C7-C8 aliphatic hydrocarbons are recycled to an isomerization unit of a xylene recovery zone to increase the efficiency of the isomerization unit. This improvement results in an aromatics complex with savings on capital and utility costs and an improvement on the return on investment.

Abstract: A process for the production of ethylbenzene by the ethylation of benzene in the critical phase over a molecular sieve aromatic alkylation catalyst. An aromatic feedstock having a benzene content of at least 90 wt. % is supplied into a reaction zone into contact with a zeolite beta alkylation catalyst having a silica/alumina ratio within the range of 20-500, specifically 50-150. The alkylation catalyst is a zeolite beta specifically a lanthanum-modified zeolite beta. Ethylene is supplied to the reaction zone to provide a benzene/ethylene mole ratio of 1-15. The reaction zone is operated under conditions in which benzene is in the supercritical phase to produce an alkylation product containing ethylbenzene as a primary product with heavier alkylated by-products of no more than 60 wt. % of the ethylbenzene. The alkylation product is recovered from the reaction zone and supplied to a separation and recovery zone to separate ethylbenzene from a polyalkylated component including diethylbenzene.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and apparatus for the production of light olefins comprising olefins having from 2 to 3 carbon atoms per molecule from a feedstock containing heavier olefins. An intermediate cut from a fractionation column is used as olefinic feed to an olefin cracking process preferably after undergoing selective hydrogenation of diolefins. In one embodiment, a liquid side draw from a fractionation column is selectively hydrogenated and then returned to the fractionation column from which a vapor side draw containing olefins is cracked in the olefin cracking reactor.

Abstract: A process for the alkylation of aromatics with olefins using a solid catalyst bed containing UZM-8 zeolite is disclosed. A polyalkylated aromatic is passed to the catalyst bed to reduce the concentration of the olefin at alkylation conditions. A portion of the effluent recovered from the catalyst bed may be recycled to the catalyst bed. Such operation can decrease the catalyst deactivation rate and the formation of diphenylalkanes. The process disclosed herein is applicable to processes for the production of a wide variety of commercially important alkylated aromatics, including ethylbenzene and cumene.

Abstract: A process for the dimerization of at least one olefin with a carbon number between 2 and 10 by contacting the feed with a catalyst system comprising at least: (a) tectometallosilicate zeolite with having TON-type structure, (b) tectometallosilicate zeolite with having MTT-type structure, (c) tectometallosilicate zeolite with the same structure as that of the ZSM-48 zeolite, or (d) silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO) zeo-type with AEL-type structure; under dimerization condition to produce highly branched olefins.

Abstract: A reactive and adsorptive (i.e., multi-functional protective) textile and methods for constructing and using same which possess at least chemically reactive and biocidal properties. Nanoparticles from different classes such as metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal hydrates and POMs are incorporated into elements which can be utilized in a wide variety of protective materials. The nanoparticles may be treated to reduce water solubility or combined with halogens, alkali metals or secondary metal oxides to specifically engineer the nanoparticle to address a particular chemical or biocidal threat.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for regulating expression of heterologous nucleotide sequences in a plant. Compositions include a novel nucleotide sequence for a root-preferred promoter for the gene encoding Cr1Bio. A method for expressing a heterologous nucleotide sequence in a plant using the promoter sequences disclosed herein is provided. The method includes stably incorporating into the genome of a plant cell a nucleotide sequence operably linked to the root-preferred promoter of the present invention and regenerating a stably transformed plant that expresses the nucleotide sequence.

Abstract: The invention provides novel uses for isolated LEC1 nucleic acids and their encoded proteins. The proteins are transcriptional activators. The invention further provides expression cassettes, transformed host cells, and transgenic plants and plant parts.

Abstract: The wheat Rht gene and homologues from other species including rice and maize (the D8 gene), useful for modification of growth and/or development characteristics of plants. Transgenic plants and methods and means for their production.

Abstract: The invention relates to recovering metals, such as nickel and cobalt, by phytomining or phytoextracting soils rich in metals wherein the desired metal is selectively accumulated in hyperaccumulator plants by adjusting the soil pH. The metals are ultimately recovered from above-ground plant tissues at economically acceptable levels without further contaminating the metal-containing sites. The invention also relates to metal-hyperaccumulating plants.

Abstract: The present invention provides a DNA construct composition that relates to transgenic glyphosate tolerant wheat plants. The invention relates to the wheat plant 33391, the progeny thereof and to methods for the detection of wheat plant 33391 and its progeny and compositions thereof.

Abstract: TcdB2, a protein from Photorhabdus luminescens W-14, and nucleotide sequences encoding TcdB2, are useful for enhancing expression of orally active Photorhabdus luminescens insecticidal toxins in heterologous organisms.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions relating to generating plants having increased levels of oil and protein. This invention further provides recombinant expression cassettes, host cells, transgenic plants and genetically altered plants. The invention further provides isolated polynucleotides and their encoded proteins that are involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis.

Abstract: An inbred maize line, designated PH5DR, the plants and seeds of inbred maize line PH5DR, methods for producing a maize plant, either inbred or hybrid, produced by crossing the inbred maize line PH5DR with itself or with another maize plant, and hybrid maize seeds and plants produced by crossing the inbred line PH5DR with another maize line or plant and to methods for producing a maize plant containing in its genetic material one or more transgenes and to the transgenic maize plants produced by that method. This invention also relates to inbred maize lines derived from inbred maize line PH5DR, to methods for producing other inbred maize lines derived from inbred maize line PH5DR and to the inbred maize lines derived by the use of those methods.

Abstract: An inbred maize line, designated PH87H, the plants and seeds of inbred maize line PH87H, methods for producing a maize plant, either inbred or hybrid, produced by crossing the inbred maize line PH87H with another maize plant, and hybrid maize seeds and plants produced by crossing the inbred line PH87H with another maize line or plant and to methods for producing a maize plant containing in its genetic material one or more transgenes and to the transgenic maize plants produced by that method. This invention also relates to inbred maize lines derived from inbred maize line PH87H, to methods for producing other inbred maize lines derived from inbred maize line PH87H and to the inbred maize lines derived by the use of those methods.

Abstract: According to the invention, there is provided seed and plants of the hybrid corn variety designated CH389090. The invention thus relates to the plants, seeds and tissue cultures of the variety CH389090, and to methods for producing a corn plant produced by crossing a corn plant of variety CH389090 with itself or with another corn plant, such as a plant of another variety. The invention further relates to genetic complements of plants of variety CH389090.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention, a sound box for an instrument is provided exhibiting a 3-D bracing system. The bracing system comprises a plurality of braces on both the sound board and the bottom board of the sound box. The braces exhibit varying heights and configurations to, among other things, increase the strength without increasing the weight unnecessarily.

Abstract: An apparatus for abrading a reed for a musical instrument comprises: a base having two top surfaces tilted toward each other and having tapered parallel tracks in its side edge surfaces; and a carriage slidable on the tracks. The carriage includes an abrasive surface adopted to contact a reed placed on one of the top surfaces of the base.

Abstract: The marking system for musical instrument reeds uses one or more marks placed (e.g., printed, engraved, embossed, etc.) on the blunt end of a musical instrument reed, opposite the thin, vibratory portion of the reed. These markings indicate the grade or relative stiffness of the reed, i.e., its resistance to vibration when the instrument is played. The markings of the system correspond to the conventional Arabic numeral system used to indicate the grade of reeds, but the present markings are placed upon the blunt end of the reed where they are visible when the reed is installed in the instrument mouthpiece or when the reed is in storage in a typical reed holder. One or more marks are placed toward one side of the blunt end of the reed to represent integers, while a single mark is placed to the opposite side (when required) to indicate half values.

Abstract: Apparatus for clamping two drums to an upright support, the drums each having a projecting bracket or brackets, defining at least one through opening, comprising a carrier body connectable to the upright support, posts on the carrier body receivable in bracket openings, and adjustable mechanism on the carrier body for displacing at least one of the posts relative to at least one bracket opening to clamp at least two posts against the brackets. Certain posts may be carried by structure connected to the drums; and certain post receiving openings may be carried by the upright support.

Abstract: A switchable foot pedal system for a drum-playing equipment has a hi-hat to be activated by a first pedal and a base drum to be activated by a second pedal. The system includes a switch device connectable to the first pedal. The switch device is connected to the hi-hat directly and connected to the base drum through an interconnection rod with variable length. The system also has a switch selection pedal configuration provided on the first pedal. The switch selection pedal configuration switches the switch device between a position activating the hi-hat and a position activating the base drum.

Abstract: A key structure which has a key formed by a wood part so as to present a woody appearance and which makes it possible to prevent support members thereof that support the wood part from being damaged during machining of the wood part for width adjustment. The key structure functions as a key pivotally moved by key depression when it is mounted in a keyboard apparatus. A wood part includes a narrow part having opposite lateral sides. An elongated upper plate body has opposite lateral sides, and fixedly supports the wood part. Recessed parts are formed in the respective lateral sides of the upper plate body at least in a substantial entirety of a region of the upper plate body in a longitudinal direction of the key structure where the wood part does not exist. The recessed parts are recessed laterally inward of the respective lateral sides of the narrow part of the wood part.

Abstract: Methods for assisting a technician in tuning a musical instrument exhibiting inharmonicity, such as a piano. If one aspect, a plurality of target frequencies are calculated using a table of preferred stretch values. In another aspect, target frequencies are calculated from multiple inharmonicity measurements during the time a tone generator is sounding.

Abstract: A music data providing apparatus comprises: a storage device that stores music data in a musical performance data event format; a receiver that receives a request for providing music data and a setting parameter from a user via a network; a converter that, in accordance with the received request and setting parameter, reads the music data in a musical performance data event format from the storage device and converts the read music data into music data in an audio data format; and a transmitter that transmits the converted music data in an audio data format to the user. Music data in various data format can be provided.

Abstract: A music selection apparatus includes a music data storage unit, an impression amount storage unit, a music selection priority level storage unit, and a music selection processing unit. The impression amount storage unit stores an impression amount obtained by quantifying a listener's impression of a piece of music, for each piece of music stored in the music data storage unit. The music selection priority level storage unit stores a music selection priority level indicating at least one of a reproduction history and a preference level of a piece of music, for each piece of music. The music selection processing unit performs a music selection process of selecting a piece of music to be reproduced from the pieces of music, using a distance between the pieces of music in an impression space and the music selection priority level, the impression space having coordinate axes composed of components of the impression amount.

Abstract: A set of formation data codes, which includes action event codes and duration codes, is loaded in an automatic player piano, and a controller interprets the action event codes for driving the solenoid-operated key actuators; since the solenoid-operated key actuators slowly push the associated keys, the hammers do not reach the strings, and any piano tone is not produced; the plungers make the keys sunk to different depth so that the keys are laid on a artistic pattern; the controller sequentially changes the artistic pattern, and offers an artistic visual expression to the audience.

Abstract: A tactile metronome for use by a musician generally includes a signal generator for producing an electrical signal according to a desired timing scheme and a tactile transducer in electrical communication with the signal generator. The tactile transducer, which may take the form of a piezoelectric device, a buzzer, electrodes or any substantial equivalent, is adapted to impart a tactile sensation to the musician in response to the generated electrical signal. A strap, which may be formed from an elastic material or a soft cloth material with hook and loop fasteners, is provided to secure the tactile transducer in place on the musician's body.

Abstract: A string instrument, such as a guitar, includes a sound box with saddle, a neck with tuning pegs and strings extended under tension between the saddle and the tuning pegs, providing a bridge of least two legs under which there are at least two separate piezoelectric transducers that are connected to an electrical circuit for the amplified reproduction of the sound of the instrument.

Abstract: A cooling structure for an electronic device comprises a plate including a thermally conducting material disposed over the electronic device. The cooling structure includes a first support and a second support. One of the first support and the second support provides compliance in the x-y directions, and the other support provides compliance in the z direction. In another embodiment of the present invention, the plate comprises a material having high thermal conductivity.

Abstract: An electrically insulated object 13 with a heat conduit at the interface between the layers of insulating tape 16. The tape 16 has been, surface coated with a high thermal conductivity (HTC) material, so that the interface between the layers of tape 23 provides a pathway for the heat to reach the environment 24. The radiation of heat through the tape layers is also increased by the surface coatings.

Abstract: In a system which includes adaptors a controller and plug receptacles connected to electronic devices, an adaptor that can store identification information about electronic devices is connected to an electronic device, and the plug receptacle side to which the electronic device is connected transmits to the power line its own identification information, etc. in coordination with the identification information of electronic devices from the adaptor. The controller receives this information and keeps track of locations of the electronic devices.

Abstract: A puller/connector (9) for electrical raceways (1) having a spiral shape that is predeterminedly sized so as to lock onto the troughs (3) located on the external surface of an electrical raceway (24) or into the crests (2) located on the internal surface of an electrical raceway (25). Located on a first end of the puller/connector (28) is preferably a barb (10) that is utilized for locking the puller/connector (9) onto/into the electrical raceway (1). Additional embodiments of the puller/connector (9) include a knockout sizing converter (12) and a hooked end for grounding purposes, a puller/connector (9) having a threaded attachment (16) and a puller/connector (9) having a cover (18).

Abstract: A slide wiring apparatus is provided with a linearly-moving device. The linearly-moving device includes a casing portion, a rail and a protector. The casing portion is mounted on a floor serving as a vehicle body. The rail is accommodated within the casing portion, and is mounted on this casing portion. The protector is supported on the rail so as to move in a longitudinal direction thereof. The protector receives wires. A space within the casing portion is divided by the rail into a wire moving space and a wire accommodating space.

Abstract: A high voltage cable for a vehicle is disclosed which comprises a braid body portion; a shield body portion; and a holder portion. In preferred systems, the structure of a shield body portion with a braid portion of the high voltage cable for the vehicle being engaged and a holder portion can be changed, and the shield body portion, the braid portion, and a holder portion are engaged with each other, whereby wear of the braid portion such as arising from vehicle vibration can be minimized or prevented and thereby avoid shorting of the braid portion.

Abstract: In a structure for grounding a shielded cable, a braided wire is extended radially outwardly of core covering portions to form a flange portion, and an associated wire is connected to the flange portion by the use of sleeve members, thereby effecting the grounding.

Abstract: An adaptor for use with a telecommunications enclosure includes a body having a port extending therethrough from a first end of the body to a second end of the body. The first end of the body is configured for mounting within an opening of a telecommunications housing along a first axis. The port adjacent the second end of the adaptor is configured to receive a connection device receptacle therein along a second axis different from the first axis. A retention device is positioned adjacent the second end of the body and configured to retain a connection device receptacle within the port.

Abstract: A connector includes an apparatus-side connector housing attached to a casing of an inverter. The apparatus side-connector housing has a plurality of busbars. Each of the busbars has on one end portion a terminal fitting portion where a mating connector of the apparatus-side connector housing is connected and on the other portion an inverter-side terminal portion where an output terminal of the inverter main circuit board is connected. The busbars are divided and arranged into groups respectively corresponding to the U, V and W phases with respect to the inverter-side terminal portion. The busbars are arranged into groups respectively including the U, V and W three-phases for connection to each of the three-phase loads, with respect to the terminal fitting portion. A wire connecting inverter with a plurality of there phase loads can be arranged with respect to each of three phase loads with small space.

Abstract: A lid of a fuel tank that includes a lid body constructed of a molded plastic and shaped and sized to be put in an opening formed in a wall of the fuel tank. The lid body has a first portion that is exposed to the interior of the fuel tank when the lid is put in the opening of the wall and a second portion that is projected laterally from a major portion of the lid body over a peripheral area of the opening of the wall when the lid is put in the opening of the wall. The lid further includes a wiring embedded and extending in the lid body. The wiring has a first end exposed to the outside of the lid body from the first portion of the lid body and a second end exposed to the outside of the lid body from the second portion of the lid body.

Abstract: A low inductance mount for decoupling capacitors. In one embodiment, a circuit carrier such as a printed circuit board (PCB) includes a surface layer, a first layer adjacent to the surface layer, and a second layer adjacent to the first layer. A conductive region is implemented on the surface layer, and is electrically coupled to a first circuit plane in the first layer. At least one mounting pad is located on the surface layer of the PCB within the conductive region. The mounting pad is electrically isolated from the remainder of the conductive region and is electrically coupled to a second circuit plane in the second layer. A capacitor is mounted on the PCB, wherein a first terminal of the capacitor is coupled to the conductive region and a second terminal is coupled to the mounting pad.

Abstract: In a circuit board including a pad for mounting a ball grid array and a wiring, a mounting structure of the ball grid array, an electro-optic device, and an electronic device, the circuit board includes a pad for mounting the ball grid array, a wiring for connecting the pad and an external terminal, and a soldering resist having an opening portion exposing the pad and the wiring.

Abstract: A connection component for a semiconductor chip includes a substrate having a gap over which extends a plurality of parallel spaced apart leads. The ends of the leads are adhered to the substrate either by being bonded to contacts or being embedded in the substrate. The connection component can be formed, in one embodiment, by stitch bonding wire leads across the gap. In another embodiment, a prefabricated lead assembly supporting spaced apart parallel leads is juxtaposed and transferred to the substrate. The connection component is juxtaposed overlying a semiconductor chip whereby leads extending over the gap may have one end detached and bonded to an underlying chip contact.

Abstract: A vehicle control switch assembly for use with a printed circuit board that includes a switch having an elastomeric pad portion and a first insert interface attached to the pad. The assembly also includes first and second electrical contacts, each contact being selectively operable to actuate a vehicle function. The switch assembly also includes a pivotable beam member bridging a span between the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact. Movement of the switch in a first direction causes the first insert interface to depress the beam member thereby engaging the first electrical contact with the printed circuit board to actuate the first electrical contact. Further movement of the switch in the first direction causes the first insert interface to slide along the beam member in a second direction to further depress the first beam member thereby actuating the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact.