Abstract: The invention relates to integrated circuits for microwave applications in the millimeter wavelength range (frequencies of around 50 GHz). To improve the performance of the microwave transmission lines in the circuit, a structure of conducting vias between a transmission line and a conducting zone is proposed. The vias are formed in apertures in a benzocyclobutene layer. These apertures are larger at their base than the conducting zones. The transmission line descends into the aperture but does not come back up over the edges of the aperture. The parasitic capacitances with the substrate at the point of contact are minimized.

Abstract: The present invention can maintain a blocking state, even at a low gate bias voltage, in a diode-containing type of junction FET, and achieves a large saturation current. The junction FET includes: an n+ SiC substrate 10 as a drain layer; an n? SiC layer 11 contiguous to the drain layer as a drift layer; an n+ SiC layer 12 formed on the drift layer as a source layer; trench grooves formed ranging from the source layer to a required depth of the drift layer and part of the drift layer as a channel region; and p-type polycrystalline Si formed in the trench grooves as gate regions. The gate region at one side of the channel is electrically shorted to a source electrode to form a p? emitter of a diode.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a semiconductor device of the present invention includes the steps of forming a stacked body in which a semiconductor film, a gate insulating film, and a first conductive film are sequentially stacked over a substrate; selectively removing the stacked body to form a plurality of island-shaped stacked bodies; forming an insulating film to cover the plurality of island-shaped stacked bodies; removing a part of the insulating film to expose a surface of the first conductive film, such that a surface of the first conductive film almost coextensive with a height of the insulating film; forming a second conductive film over the first conductive film and a left part of the insulating film; forming a resist over the second conductive film; selectively removing the first conductive film and the second conductive film using the resist as a mask.

Abstract: A semiconductor element includes: a semiconductor region formed in a semiconductor substrate and containing an impurity of a predetermined conductivity type; source and drain regions formed to face each other in the semiconductor region, and containing a metal or a compound of a metal and a semiconductor forming the semiconductor region; a channel region located in the semiconductor region between the source region and the drain region; an insulating film covering the channel region and a part of each of the source and drain regions; and a gate electrode formed on the insulating film. A first portion of an interface between the insulating film and the gate electrode that is located above an at least partial region of the channel region exists closer to the semiconductor region than a second portion of the interface between the insulating film and the gate electrode located above each junction between the channel region and the source and drain regions.

Abstract: In order to connect a semiconductor device including an integrated circuit to an external circuit typified by an antenna, the shape of the contact electrode to be formed in the semiconductor device is devised, so that bad connection between the external circuit and the contact electrode is not easily caused and the contact electrode with high reliability is provided. The contact electrode is formed by a screen printing method using a squeegee having a chamfered corner or having a wedge shape. The contact electrode has a peripheral portion and a central portion. The peripheral portion has a tapered portion with its film thickness gradually decreasing from the central portion toward the end portion, and the central portion has a projection portion that continues from the tapered portion.

Abstract: A 3-T buried-gated photodiode device that is suitable for use in a windowed array. The 3-T buried-gated photodiode device is configured such that the floating diffusion (FD) node of the device is held low when the device is not being specifically addressed, which ensures that the device cannot drive the corresponding pixel output line unless it is specifically addressed.

Abstract: A CCD type solid-state imaging device is provided and includes: photodiodes (PD) in a light receiving area of a semiconductor substrate; vertical charge transfer paths; a horizontal charge transfer path; channel stops including linear high density impurity regions for separating mutually adjoining sets from each other, each set including a PD array and a vertical charge transfer path; a first light-shielding film which is stacked on the light receiving area and has openings in the respective PDs, and also to which a control pulse voltage is applied; a second light-shielding film spaced from the first light-shielding film for covering a connecting portion between the horizontal charge transfer path and light receiving area; and a contact portion of a high density impurity region for connecting the channel stops to the second light-shielding film and also for applying a reference potential to the channel stops.

Abstract: Disclosed is an imaging device including a photodiode and floating diffusion region formed to be spaced from each other on a surface layer of a pixel region of a silicon (semiconductor) substrate, and a transfer gate having one of a concave and convex portions toward the floating diffusion region, the transfer gate being formed above the silicon substrate between the photodiode and the floating diffusion region by interposing a gate insulating film therebetween.

Abstract: An integrated circuit and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. A chip size can be reduced by forming a memory device in which a ferroelectric capacitor region is laminated on a DRAM. The integrated circuit includes a cell array region having a capacitor, a peripheral circuit region, and a ferroelectric capacitor region being formed on an upper layer of the cell array region and the peripheral circuit region, and having a ferroelectric capacitor device.

Abstract: Following CMP, a magnetic tunnel junction stack may protrude through the oxide that surrounds it, making it susceptible to possible shorting to its sidewalls. The present invention overcomes this problem by depositing silicon nitride spacers on these sidewalls prior to oxide deposition and CMP. So, even though the stack may protrude through the top surface of the oxide after CMP, the spacers serve to prevent possible later shorting to the stack.

Abstract: An improvement in the method of fabricating on chip decoupling capacitors which help prevent L di/dt voltage droop on the power grid for high surge current conditions is disclosed. The inclusion of a hybrid metal/metal nitride top electrode/barrier provides for a low cost and higher performance option to strapping decoupling capacitors.

Abstract: A semiconductor device in which a channel region of MOS transistor is provided not to include a non-flat active region end portion and a manufacturing method thereof is disclosed. According to one aspect, there is provided a semiconductor device comprising a semiconductor substrate, a device isolation separating active region, wherein at least a portion of the device isolation is provided in the semiconductor substrate, and a memory cell including a memory cell transistor that comprises a channel region separated by a slit and constituted of a flat active region alone, a charge storage layer provided on a gate dielectric on the channel region, and a first gate electrode provided on an inter-electrode dielectric so as to cover the charge storage layer, and a select transistor that comprises a second gate electrode provided on the gate dielectric on the active region and electrically connected to a wiring.

Abstract: An active region and a trench region are formed on a semiconductor substrate. The trench region is filled with a dielectric material to form an isolation layer. Oxide and polysilicon layers are formed on the semiconductor substrate. A second polysilicon layer, a second oxide layer, and a first polysilicon layer are patterned to form a plurality of gate lines. Deep ion implantation in a deep portion of the active region is performed using a self-aligned source mask. The active region and the trench region are exposed through the self-aligned source mask by etching the isolation layer between the plurality of gate lines using the self-aligned source mask to form a common source region. Ions are implanted in the common source region using the self-aligned source mask.

Abstract: Provided are a nonvolatile memory device and a method for manufacturing the same. The nonvolatile memory device may include a semiconductor substrate, a floating gate, a second insulation layer, a third insulation layer, a control gate, and a common source line. The semiconductor substrate may have an active region limited by a device isolation region. The floating gate may be formed on the active region with a first insulation layer between the floating gate and the active region. The second insulation layer covers one side of the floating gate, and the third insulation layer covers the floating gate and the second insulation layer. The control gate may be formed on the other side of the floating gate with a fourth insulation layer between the control gate and the floating gate. The common source line may be formed in a portion of the substrate that is located under the second insulation layer.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, an isolation pattern is formed on a substrate. The isolation pattern includes an opening that exposes a portion of the substrate. A preliminary polysilicon layer is formed on the substrate and the isolation pattern to partially fill up the opening. A sacrificial layer is formed on the preliminary polysilicon layer. The sacrificial layer is partially etched to expose a portion of the preliminary polysilicon layer formed on a shoulder portion of the isolation pattern. A first polysilicon layer is formed by etching the exposed portion of the preliminary polysilicon layer to enlarge an upper width of the opening. After the etched sacrificial layer is removed, a second polysilicon layer is formed on the first polysilicon layer to fill up the enlarged opening.

Abstract: An array of a pillar-type nonvolatile memory cells (803) has each memory cell isolated from adjacent memory cells by a trench (810). Each memory cell is formed by a stacking process layers on a substrate: tunnel oxide layer (815), polysilicon floating gate layer (819), ONO or oxide layer (822), polysilicon control gate layer (825). Many aspects of the process are self-aligned. An array of these memory cells will require less segmentation. Furthermore, the memory cell has enhanced programming characteristics because electrons are directed at a normal or nearly normal angle (843) to the floating gate (819).

Abstract: A non-volatile memory device comprises a first oxide layer, a second oxide layer and a buffer layer formed on a lower electrode. An upper electrode is formed on the buffer layer. In one example, the lower electrode is composed of at least one of Pt, Ru, Ir, IrOx and an alloy thereof, the second oxide layer is a transition metal oxide, the buffer layer is composed of a p-type oxide and the upper electrode is composed of a material selected from Ni, Co, Cr, W, Cu or an alloy thereof.

Abstract: A method of forming a memory device, where a first insulator layer and a charge trapping layer may be formed on a substrate, and at least one of the first insulator layer and charge trapping layer may be patterned to form patterned areas. A second insulation layer and a conductive layer may be formed on the patterned areas, and one or more of the conductive layer, second insulator layer, charge trapping layer and first insulator layer may be patterned to form a string selection line, ground selection line, a plurality of word lines between the string selection and ground selection lines on the substrate, a low voltage gate electrode, and a plurality of insulators of varying thickness. The formed memory device may be a NAND-type non-volatile memory device having a SONOS gate structure, for example.

Abstract: A vertical and trench type insulated gate MOS semiconductor device is provided in which the surfaces of p-type channel regions and the surfaces of portions of an n-type semiconductor substrate alternate in the longitudinal direction of the trench between the trenches arranged in parallel, and an n+-type emitter region selectively formed on the surface of the p-type channel region is wide by the side of the trench and becomes narrow toward the center point between the trenches. This enables the device to achieve low on-resistance and enhanced turn-off capability.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is provided which includes an NMOS vertical channel transistor located on a substrate and including a p+ polysilicon gate electrode surrounding a vertical p-channel region, and a PMOS vertical channel transistor located on the substrate and including an n+ polysilicon gate electrode surrounding a vertical n-channel region. The NMOS and PMOS vertical channel transistors are optionally operable in a CMOS operational mode.

Abstract: This invention discloses a semiconductor wafer for manufacturing electronic circuit thereon. The semiconductor substrate further includes an etch-back indicator that includes trenches of different sizes having polysilicon filled in the trenches and then completely removed from some of the trenches of greater planar trench dimensions and the polysilicon still remaining in a bottom portion in some of the trenches having smaller planar trench dimensions.

Abstract: The semiconductor device includes a device isolation structure formed in a semiconductor substrate to define an active region having a recess region at a lower part of sidewalls thereof. The semiconductor device additionally has a fin channel region protruded over the device isolation structure in a longitudinal direction of a gate region; a gate insulating film formed over the semiconductor substrate including the protruded fin channel region; and a gate electrode formed over the gate insulating film to fill up the protruded fin channel region.

Abstract: The semiconductor device having a recess channel transistor includes a device isolation structure formed in a semiconductor substrate to define an active region having a recess region at a lower part of sidewalls thereof and a recess channel region formed in the semiconductor substrate under the active region. A method for fabricating the semiconductor device includes forming a device isolation structure in a semiconductor substrate to form an active region having a recess region at a lower part of sidewalls thereof, a gate insulating film formed over the semiconductor substrate including the recess channel region, and a gate electrode formed over the gate insulating film to fill up the recess channel region.

Abstract: A high voltage transistor operating through a high voltage and a method for fabricating the same are provided. The high voltage transistor includes: an insulation layer on a substrate; an N+-type drain junction region on the insulation layer; an N?-type drain junction region on the N+-type drain junction region; a P?-type body region provided in a trench region of the N?-type drain junction region; a plurality of gate patterns including a gate insulation layer and a gate conductive layer in other trench regions bordered by the P?-type body region and the N?-type drain junction region; a plurality of source regions contacted to a source electrode on the P?-type body region; and a plurality of N+-type drain regions contacted to the N?-type drain junction region and individual drain electrodes.

Abstract: A nonvolatile semiconductor memory device that have a new structure are provided, in which memory cells are laminated in a three dimensional state so that the chip area may be reduced. The nonvolatile semiconductor memory device of the present invention is a nonvolatile semiconductor memory device that has a plurality of the memory strings, in which a plurality of electrically programmable memory cells is connected in series. The memory strings comprise a pillar shaped semiconductor; a first insulation film formed around the pillar shaped semiconductor; a charge storage layer formed around the first insulation film; the second insulation film formed around the charge storage layer; and first or nth electrodes formed around the second insulation film (n is natural number more than 1). The first or nth electrodes of the memory strings and the other first or nth electrodes of the memory strings are respectively the first or nth conductor layers that are spread in a two dimensional state.

Abstract: A mobile device including a first body and a second body slidably and tiltably coupled. The second body can be arranged to a first location, at which the second body overlaps the first body, and a second location, at which the second body is tilted with respect to the first body after having been fully slid from the first location. Accordingly, the mobile device may improve portability and convenience in use.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a method for forming a semiconducting device including the steps of providing a layered structure including a substrate, a low diffusivity layer of a first-conductivity dopant; and a channel layer; forming a gate stack atop a protected surface of the channel layer; etching the layered structure selective to the gate stack to expose a surface of the substrate, where a remaining portion of the low diffusivity layer provides a retrograded island substantially aligned to the gate stack having a first dopant concentration to reduce short-channel effects without increasing leakage; growing a Si-containing material atop the recessed surface of the substrate; and doping the Si-containing material with a second-conductivity dopant at a second dopant concentration. The low diffisivity layer may be Si1-x-yGexZy, where Z can be carbon (C), xenon (Xe), germanium (Ge), krypton (Kr), argon (Ar), nitrogen (N), or combinations thereof.

Abstract: By forming a portion of a PN junction within strained silicon/germanium material in SOI transistors with a floating body architecture, the junction leakage may be significantly increased, thereby reducing floating body effects. The positioning of a portion of the PN junction within the strained silicon/germanium material may be accomplished on the basis of implantation and anneal techniques, contrary to conventional approaches in which in situ doped silicon/germanium is epitaxially grown so as to form the deep drain and source regions. Consequently, high drive current capability may be combined with a reduction of floating body effects.

Abstract: By introducing a atomic species, such as carbon, fluorine and the like, into the drain and source regions, as well as in the body region, the junction leakage of SOI transistors may be significantly increased, thereby providing an enhanced leakage path for accumulated minority charge carriers. Consequently, fluctuations of the body potential may be significantly reduced, thereby improving the overall performance of advanced SOI devices. In particular embodiments, the mechanism may be selectively applied to threshold voltage sensitive device areas, such as static RAM areas.

Abstract: A thin film semiconductor transistor structure has a substrate with a dielectric surface, and an active layer made of a semiconductor thin film exhibiting a crystallinity as equivalent to the single-crystalline. To fabricate the transistor, the semiconductor thin film is formed on the substrate, which film includes a mixture of a plurality of crystals which may be columnar crystals and/or capillary crystal substantially parallel to the substrate. The resultant structure is then subject to thermal oxidation in a chosen atmosphere containing halogen, thereby removing away any metallic element as contained in the film. This may enable formation of a mono-domain region in which the individual columnar or capillary crystal is in contact with any adjacent crystals and which is capable of being substantially deemed to be a single-crystalline region without presence or inclusion of any crystal grain boundaries therein. This region is for use in forming the active layer of the transistor.

Abstract: A thin film transistor (TFT) and a method of fabricating the TFT may be provided. The TFT may include a substrate; a channel formed on the substrate; source and drain layers formed on both ends of the channel; a gate insulator covering the source and drain layers and the channel; a gate formed on the gate insulator; an ILD (interlayer dielectric) layer covering the gate; and/or source and drain electrodes contacting the source and drain layers through contact holes formed in the ILD layer and the gate insulator.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to solve a problem of a conventional semiconductor device in that although information such as whether the semiconductor device exists in a predetermined space and information on an ID and the like included in the semiconductor device can be obtained, a position where the semiconductor is located in the predetermined space cannot be identified. The semiconductor device includes a signal sorting portion which sorts a signal based on a signal output from the outside and a signal detecting portion for detecting the signal output from the outside. In a structure of the semiconductor device including the signal sorting portion and the signal detecting portion, a position detecting system is developed base on signals from a plurality of interrogators.

Abstract: In order to form a plurality of semiconductor elements over an insulating surface, in one continuous semiconductor layer, an element region serving as a semiconductor element and an element isolation region having a function to electrically isolate element regions from each other by repetition of PN junctions. The element isolation region is formed by selective addition of an impurity element of at least one or more kinds of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon and an impurity element that imparts an opposite conductivity type to that of the adjacent element region in order to electrically isolate elements from each other in one continuous semiconductor layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of manufacturing a semiconductor element having a miniaturized structure and a semiconductor device in which the semiconductor element having a miniaturized structure is integrated highly, by overcoming reduction of the yield caused by alignment accuracy, accuracy of a processing technique by reduced projection exposure, a finished dimension of a resist mask, an etching technique and the like. An insulating film covering a gate electrode is formed, and a source region and a drain region are exposed, a conductive film is formed thereover, a resist having a different film thickness is formed by applying the resist over the conductive film, the entire surface of the resist is exposed to light and developed, or the entire surface of the resist is etched to form a resist mask, and the conductive film is etched by using the resist mask to form a source and drain electrode.

Abstract: A semiconductor device that has a pMOS double-gate structure, has a substrate, the crystal orientation of the top surface of which is (100), a semiconductor layer that is made of silicon or germanium, formed on the substrate such that currents flow in a direction of a first <110> crystal orientation, and channels are located at sidewall of the semiconductor layer, a source layer that is formed on the substrate adjacent to one end of the semiconductor layer in the direction of first <110> crystal orientation and is made of a metal or metal silicide to form a Schottky junction with the semiconductor layer; a drain layer that is formed on the substrate adjacent to the other end of the semiconductor layer in the direction of first <110> crystal orientation and is made of a metal or metal silicide to form a Schottky junction with the semiconductor layer; a gate electrode that is formed on the semiconductor layer in a direction of a second <110> crystal orientation perpendicular to the curre

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved CMOS diode structure with dual gate conductors. Specifically, a substrate comprising a first n-doped region and a second p-doped region is formed. A third region of either n-type or p-type conductivity is located between the first and second regions. A first gate conductor of n-type conductivity and a second gate conductor of p-type conductivity are located over the substrate and adjacent to the first and second regions, respectively. Further, the second gate conductor is spaced apart and isolated from the first gate conductor by a dielectric isolation structure. An accumulation region with an underlying depletion region can be formed in such a diode structure between the third region and the second or the first region, and such an accumulation region preferably has a width that is positively correlated with that of the second or the first gate conductor.

Abstract: In a semiconductor device, where, with respect to a parasitic resistor in a current mirror circuit, a compensation resistor for compensating the parasitic resistor is provided in the current mirror circuit, the current mirror circuit includes at least two thin film transistors. The thin film transistors each have an island-shaped semiconductor film having a channel formation region and source or drain regions, a gate insulating film, a gate electrode, and source or drain electrodes, and the compensation resistor compensates the parasitic resistor of any one of the gate electrode, the source electrode, and the drain electrode. In addition, each compensation resistor has a conductive layer containing the same material as the gate electrode, the source or drain electrodes, or the source or drain regions.

Abstract: A CMOS structure and methods for fabricating the CMOS structure provide that a first stressed layer located over a first transistor and a second stressed layer located over a second transistor abut but do not overlap. Such an abutment absent overlap provides for enhanced manufacturing flexibility when forming a contact to a silicide layer upon a source/drain region within one of the first transistor and the second transistor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hybrid orientation semiconductor-on-insulator (SOI) substrate structure that contains a base semiconductor substrate with one or more first device regions and one or more second device regions located over the base semiconductor substrate. The one or more first device regions include an insulator layer with a first semiconductor device layer located atop. The one or more second device regions include a counter-doped semiconductor layer with a second semiconductor device layer located atop. The first and the second semiconductor device layers have different crystallographic orientations. Preferably, the first (or the second) device regions are n-FET device regions, and the first semiconductor device layer has a crystallographic orientation that enhances electron mobility, while the second (or the first) device regions are p-FET device regions, and the second semiconductor device layer has a different surface crystallographic orientation that enhances hole mobility.

Abstract: A semiconductor device, specifically a Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) device, has a substrate on which are formed first and second field effect transistors. Each of the field effect transistors comprises a source-drain region, a channel of either an n-type or a p-type conductivity semiconductor material formed on the substrate, a first gate region, and a first dielectric region that separates the first channel from the first gate region. However, dissimilar semiconductor materials are used to form the channel regions of the first and second field effect transistors so that high electron and hole mobility can be achieved.

Abstract: A semiconductor device comprises a decoupling capacitance in which a P-type MOS capacitor C1 is connected in series with an N-type MOS capacitor C2 between VDD and GND. The source and drain 2b of the P-type MOS capacitor C1 are connected to VDD. The source and drain 2a of the N-type MOS capacitor C2 are connected to GND. The gate electrode 5a of the P-type MOS capacitor C1 is connected to the gate electrode 5b of the N-type MOS capacitor C2. VDD is connected to the N-well region 1b of the channel of the P-type MOS capacitor C1, and GND is connected to the P-well region 1a of the channel of the N-type MOS capacitor C2. Reliability of decoupling capacitance is improved, making it possible to place elements efficiently.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is provided herein, which includes a substrate having a first-type MOS transistor, an input/output (I/O) second-type MOS transistor, and a core second-type MOS transistor formed thereon. The semiconductor device further includes a first stress layer and a second stress layer. The first stress layer is disposed on the first-type MOS transistor, or on the first-type MOS transistor and the I/O second-type MOS transistor. The second stress layer is disposed on the core second-type MOS transistor.

Abstract: In the present resistive memory array, included are a substrate, a plurality of source regions in the substrate, and a conductor connecting the plurality of source regions, the conductor being positioned adjacent to the substrate to form, with the plurality of source regions, a common source. In one embodiment, the conductor is an elongated metal body of T-shaped cross-section. In another embodiment, the conductor is a plate-like metal body.

Abstract: A method for forming a metal silicide region in a silicon region of a semiconductor substrate. The method comprises forming a metal layer over the silicon region, then in succession forming a titanium and a titanium nitride layer thereover. As the substrate is heated to form the silicide, the titanium getters silicon dioxide on the surface of the silicon region and the titanium nitride promotes the formation of a smooth surface at the interface between the silicide layer and the underlying silicon region.

Abstract: The semiconductor device comprises gate electrodes 50 formed on a silicon substrate 32 with a gate insulation film 48 formed therebetween, source/drain diffused layers 66n, 66p formed in the silicon substrate 32 on both sides of the gate electrodes 50, a skirt-like insulation film 58 formed on a lower part of the side wall of the gate electrode 50 and on the side end of the gate insulation film 48, and a sidewall insulation film 60 formed on the exposed part of the side wall of the gate electrode 50, which is not covered with the skirt-like insulation film 58 and the side surface of the skirt-like insulation film 58.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device having a semiconductor substrate that includes an active region for forming transistor elements, which includes a gate, and an element isolation region for isolating the transistor elements separately each other, which has a STI structure, the method comprises; first—ion implanting first ions onto the surface of the semiconductor substrate in a region other than a stress region in the active region, which is located at the interface with the element isolation region, in the stress region, a potential stress is generated by forming the element isolation region and/or the difference between a material of the element isolation region and a material of the semiconductor substrate, so that a first impurity region for a source and/or a drain is formed in the active region in which the gate is not formed; and second-ion implanting second ions each of which mass is smaller than that of each of the first ions so that a second ion impurity region is formed in the stress

Abstract: Structures and devices, and methods of making such structures and devices, including a gate dielectric layer are provided. A semiconductor structure can include a semiconductor channel layer including a nitride-free semiconductor layer and a gate dielectric layer including a group III-nitride layer, wherein the gate dielectric layer is disposed over the semiconductor channel layer. A method of making a semiconductor device structure is also provided. The method includes providing a semiconductor channel layer including a nitride-free semiconductor layer and providing a gate dielectric layer including a group III-nitride layer, wherein the gate dielectric layer is disposed over the semiconductor channel layer.

Abstract: The microreactor has a body of semiconductor material; a large area buried channel extending in the body and having walls; a coating layer of insulating material coating the walls of the channel; a diaphragm extending on top of the body and upwardly closing the channel. The diaphragm is formed by a semiconductor layer completely encircling mask portions of insulating material.

Abstract: An image sensor includes: a light source that irradiates a light on an object; a lens body that converges a reflection of the light from the object; a plurality of IC chips that receive the reflection passed through the lens body; and a transparent member provided between the IC chips and the lens body. The transparent member includes a refractive index changing region provided at a portion opposite to a gap between adjacent IC chips. A refractive index in the refractive index changing region increases continuously or stepwise toward an inner portion of the transparent member from a surface of the transparent member on an IC chips side so that the refractive index changing region refracts a part of the reflection to be incident into the gap to the IC chips.

Abstract: An image display device includes a vacuum structure having a first substrate, a second substrate placed at the front side of the first substrate to form a first region together with the first substrate, and a reinforcing panel placed at the rear of the first substrate to form a second region together with the first substrate. An electron emission unit is provided on the first substrate, and a light emission unit is provided on the second substrate. The first substrate has at least one through-hole for communicating the first and the second regions with each other in the vacuum structure. The first and the second substrates have a sealing interface varied in width along the peripheries thereof.