Abstract: A piezoelectric ultrasonic motor having 2-dimensional positioning movement includes a stator. The stator includes a piezoelectric ceramic bar and an electrode disposed on the bar. Each bar includes two wings that are separated by a predetermined angle to form a predetermined shape. A power source is used to apply a voltage to the stator to excite a bending mode vibration in the each of the wings, and the combined motion of the two wings produces an elliptical motion at a tip of the wing. A load is operatively connected to the stator, such that a portion of the load in contact with the stator is driven to move linearly through a frictional force between the load and the stator, due to the elliptical motion at the tip of the wing.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention relates to a solid-state actuator, especially a piezoceramic actuator, which comprises a support layer to which at least one actuator layer, especially a piezoceramic layer, is applied, the actuator layer being disposed between contact electrodes. In order to avoid a creep behaviour of the solid-state actuator, the resistivity of the actuator layer is rated between 1108 ?m to 11010 ?m and/or an actuator control device for applying a control voltage to the contact electrodes is provided and the maximum control voltage is selected in such a manner that the maximum mechanical voltage in the solid-state actuator is below the coercive voltage.

Abstract: [Problem] There are provided a piezoelectric device, in which piezoelectric element surfaces are prevented from cracking and warping by reducing tensile stress generated within the piezoelectric element by an external force, and a piezoelectric switch utilizing the same. [Means of Solution] The piezoelectric device comprises a piezoelectric element having a plate-like shape including a piezoelectric body having a plate-like shape and polarized in a thickness direction thereof and a pair of electrodes formed on both main surfaces of the piezoelectric body, and a pair of elastic conductive members fixed to the both main surfaces of the piezoelectric element, wherein when an external force is applied, the piezoelectric body is deformed to generate electricity.

Abstract: A piezoelectric resonator includes a resonator substrate, a base substrate supporting the resonator substrate, a lid substrate covering a surface of the resonator substrate, the surface being on an opposite side of a surface facing the base substrate, a first excitation electrode formed on the surface of the resonator substrate facing the lid substrate, a second excitation electrode formed on the surface of the resonator substrate facing the base substrate, and a third electrode provided on the surface of the resonator substrate facing the base substrate, the third electrode being electrically connected to the first excitation electrode through a concave portion which is formed on a side surface of the resonator substrate.

Abstract: A piezoelectric device ensures resistance to molding without an increase in costs and includes an elemental substrate having a piezoelectric element and a conductive pattern electrically connected to the piezoelectric element; and insulating members disposed on the elemental substrate and surrounding the piezoelectric element leaving a space around the piezoelectric element. The insulating members have an internal conductor connected to the conductive pattern and extending apart from the elemental substrate. The internal conductor has expanded portions expanding in a direction intersecting the wiring direction of the internal conductor or a detour portion deviating from the wiring direction. The expanded portions or the detour portion crosses the boundary of a sealed space formed around the piezoelectric element.

Abstract: A piezoelectric device includes a piezoelectric element package having a piezoelectric element accommodated therein and a connection terminal formed on a side surface and a bottom surface thereof, a circuit element coupled to the connection terminal on the bottom surface of the piezoelectric element package, an insulating resin portion being in an essentially rectangular parallelepiped shape and covering the circuit element, an external electrode formed on a bottom surface of the resin portion, and a connection electrode formed on the side surface of the piezoelectric element package and a side surface of the resin portion and coupling the connection terminal formed on the side surface of the piezoelectric element package and the external electrode on the resin portion.

Abstract: A piezoelectric ceramic composition has the composition formula (Pb(a-b)Meb){(Ni(1-c).d/3Znc.d/3Nb2/3)zTixZr(1-x-z)}O3, wherein Me represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr and Ca; a, b, c, d, x and z satisfy the inequalities 0.975 ?a ?0.998, 0 ?b ?0.05, 1 <d ?1.40, and 0.39 ?x ?0.47; and c and z are located in a region surrounded by lines connecting Point A (z=0.25, c=0.1), Point B (z=0.25, c=0.85), Point C (z=0.1, c=0.6), Point D (z=0.075, 0.5), Point E (z=0.05, c=0.2), and Point F (z=0.05, c=0.1) or located on the lines in the z-c plane. Therefore, the piezoelectric ceramic composition can be fired at a low temperature and is effective in achieving a large piezoelectric constant, a high Curie point and a small dielectric constant. A piezoelectric actuator contains the piezoelectric ceramic composition.

Abstract: A piezoelectric ceramic composition has the composition formula (Pb(a-b)Meb){(Ni(1-c)/3Znc/3Nb2d/3)zTixZr(1-x-z)}O3, wherein Me represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr and Ca; a, b, d, and x satisfy the inequalities 0.975?a?0.998, 0?b?0.05, 1<d?1.3, and 0.39?x?0.47; and c and z are located in a region surrounded by lines connecting Point A (z=0.25, c=0.1), Point B (z=0.25, c=0.85), Point C (z=0.1, c=0.6), Point D (z=0.075, c=0.5), Point E (z=0.05, c=0.2), and Point F (z=0.05, c=0.1) or located on the lines in the z-c plane. Therefore, the piezoelectric ceramic composition is effective in achieving a large piezoelectric constant, a small dielectric constant, and a high Curie point. A piezoelectric actuator contains the piezoelectric ceramic composition.

Abstract: A thin-film piezoelectric resonator has a piezoelectric film which is formed via a space on a substrate and is supported on the substrate at least one location, an upper electrode which has a plurality of electrode layers and a connection part connecting the electrode layers to each other, each of the electrode layers being formed on the piezoelectric film, having the same width and being arranged at the same interval as the width, a lower electrode formed under the piezoelectric film, a first pad which is formed on the substrate and is electrically connected to the upper electrode, and a second pad which is formed on the substrate and is electrically connected to the lower electrode.

Abstract: A motor may include a rotor shaft, a rotor provided with a rotor magnet, a stator, an output shaft part of the rotor shaft which may be protruded from an end portion on an output side of the stator, and a metal inertia ring which may be fixed to the output shaft part. The motor may further include a motor frame fixed on the end portion on the output side of the stator which may have a fixing plate part which may be provided with a rotor shaft through hole and which may be fixed to the end portion on the output side of the stator, a support plate part which may face the fixing plate part and which may support a tip end portion of the rotor shaft. The inertia ring may be fixed to the output shaft part between the fixing plate part and the support plate part.

Abstract: A motor includes a sensor holder that is integral with an annular ring of an insulator of a stator. At least a portion of a Hall element is accommodated in the sensor holder. By virtue of such configuration, a position of the Hall element with respect to the stator will be determined with precision.

Abstract: A vehicle alternator is disclosed including a metallic frame supporting a stator having an armature winding and a rotor having a field winding. A rectifying unit is fixedly mounted on the frame for rectifying an alternating current voltage induced in the armature winding upon rotation of the rotor and comprises a stack of a positive-electrode radiating fin, carrying thereon a positive-electrode rectifier element, and a negative-electrode radiating fin, carrying thereon a negative-electrode rectifier element, between which a heat conducting sheet having insulation property is intervened. The frame carries thereon an insulating cover for covering the rectifying unit. The cover includes an encompassing section that collectively encompasses the positive-electrode rectifier element and an associated neighborhood to prevent the cooling wind drawn to an inside of the cover due to rotation of the cooling fan from directly impinging upon the positive-electrode rectifier element.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a modular storage unit includes a display compartment, wherein the display compartment is adapted to house a display device. The modular storage unit also includes a base portion, wherein the display compartment is disposed above the base portion. In addition, the modular storage unit is configurable with one or more other modular storage units to form a plurality of substantially symmetrical multi-faceted arrangements that can fit adjacent to a substantially perpendicular corner, along a substantially flat wall, and in the middle of a room away from a corner or flat wall.

Abstract: A multi-drawer file cabinet having an upper cabinet that may be stacked on top of a lower file cabinet is provided. The lower cabinet includes a top surface having a peripheral edge with a first perimeter. The upper cabinet includes a base with a sidewall. The sidewall has a peripheral edge with a second perimeter. The second perimeter is larger than the first perimeter so that the sidewall fits around the peripheral edge of the top surface of the first cabinet. The cabinets include an extendable drawer assembly having a pair of slide members slidably positioned between a pair of outer tracks formed in a casing and tracks formed in a drawer frame. Furthermore, a locking assembly is associated with a recess in the casing and a ledge of a drawer head to allow the drawer assembly to remain in a locked position even if the cabinet sustains fire damage.

Abstract: A driving mechanism having a braking system, for use on a storage unit movable about guiding tracks. The driving mechanism comprises a frame rotatably carrying at least one driving wheel, which in turn rollably engages a floor-embedded guiding track. A toothed wheel rotatably carried by the frame is operatively connected to the driving wheel and rotates in synchronism therewith, and defines at least one first interlock member. The driving mechanism also comprises a gravity-biased second braking member defining at least one second interlock member, said second braking member movably mounted to the frame so as to be movable between a standby position in which the second interlock member clears the first interlock member, and a braking position in which the second interlock member is interlocked with the first interlock member to block rotation of the rotary first braking member and thus of the driving wheel.

Abstract: A storing device includes: a housing with a plurality of carriers withdrawable from the housing, each of the carriers having an operating member movable between operable and non-operable positions and locked against movement by a latch; and a limiting unit including a linking lever with a plurality of stoppers. The linking lever is movable to a position, in which each stopper is aligned with the latch of a corresponding carrier so as to block the latch from movement from a locked position to an unlocked position, thereby preventing movement of the operating member from the non-operable position to the operable position.

Abstract: A cladding system for access panels of an air handling unit having a cladding body configured for attachment to access panels of an air handling unit. A first removable portion is configured to detachably engage the cladding body. A second removable portion is configured to detachably engage the first removable portion. The cladding system provides an opening through the access panel of the air handling unit when the second removable portion is removed. The opening exposed by removal of the second removable portion having a geometry to provide access to components within the air handling unit or to provide visibility of components within the air handling unit.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus is disclosed for installing a sliding drawer within a cabinet. According to one aspect of the invention, a pair of opposing vertical support members or columns are provided. Attached about the ends of the vertical support members is a pair of opposing horizontal stability members. Moreover, one of the horizontal stability members is attached to the storage cabinet floor (or such other horizontal base/platform located within the storage cabinet). Attached to the sliding drawer are runners extending from the vertical support members.

Abstract: A foldable host unit case of a computer with sliding rail grooves includes a front wall, which provides a first lateral end to pivotally connect with the first frame by means of a pivotal shaft and a second lateral end to be pivotally joined to the sliding rail groove of the second frame by means of a sliding block; and a rear wall, which provides a first lateral end being pivotally joined to the sliding rail groove of the second frame by means of a sliding block and a second lateral end pivotally connecting with the second frame by means of a pivotal shaft. Hence, the first frame, the second frame, the front wall and the rear wall are capable of being unfolded to set up the host unit case completely for being folded and reduced packaged volume thereof and being set up conveniently and quickly.

Abstract: A track support system for installation in a housing having opposed first and second side walls with the housing capable of receiving a storage unit therein, the track system comprising the first side wall having a first component, a second component and a third component arranged in horizontal row. The second side wall having a mirror image first component, a mirror image second component and a mirror image third component arranged in a mirror image horizontal row. The mirror image first components support weight and provide stops for horizontal and angled storage units, the mirror image second components have mirror image angled sliding surfaces for guiding the storage unit to an angled position, and provide stops when the storage unit is horizontal and partly withdrawn from the housing, and mirror image third components have curved surfaces for guiding the unit to the angled position and support weight.

Abstract: Provided is an inner case of a refrigerator and a method for manufacturing the same that allow a welded portion to have a plane-contact to improve welding performance. Also, provided are an inner case of a refrigerator and a method for manufacturing the same that allow the inner case to be neatly cleaned.

Abstract: A repositionable rail system for a refrigerator includes first and second rails, each rail having a plurality of spaced-apart apertures. A crossbar has first and second ends adapted to fit within respective apertures on the first and second rails. After inserting the crossbar into the apertures, the crossbar is rotated to a fixed angled position. A half-width shelf having a hook is adapted to removably supported, in a cantilevered manner, by the crossbar. The half-width shelf can be slid along the crossbar for repositioning within the refrigerator cabinet, or may be placed alongside another half-width shelf on a crossbar, or replaced with a full width shelf mounted on the first and second rails in a corresponding, cantilevered manner.

Abstract: A scanning microscope, in particular a confocal scanning microscope, having: a scanning device (1), a detection device (2), an electronic system (3) for operating the scanning microscope, and a cooling device (4) for at least one component of the scanning microscope, is configured and refined, in the interest of efficient cooling, in such a way that the cooling device (4) is operable with a liquid cooling medium.

Abstract: A thermal processing chamber with a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) lamp assembly and a method for using the same are provided. In one embodiment, a thermal processing chamber includes a chamber body and a dielectric barrier discharge lamp assembly. The dielectric barrier discharge lamp assembly further comprises a first electrode, a second electrode and a dielectric barrier. The dielectric barrier discharge lamp assembly is positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode. The dielectric barrier defines a discharge space between the dielectric barrier and the second electrode. A circuit arrangement is coupled to the first and second electrodes, and is adapted to operate the dielectric barrier discharge lamp assembly.

Abstract: A spark plug having a particular firing end configuration that satisfies numerous dimensional ranges for improved performance. The spark plug generally includes a shell, an insulator, and center and ground electrodes, with the electrodes each having a copper core for improved thermal conductivity and a noble metal insert for improved erosion and corrosion resistance. The noble metal insert for the center electrode is preferably in the form of a cylindrical Ir-based tip, which is received within a complimentary recess formed in the center electrode. The noble metal insert for the ground electrode is in the form of a flat Pt-based pad attached to a surface of the ground electrode. Various dimensional ranges are provided for the various components of the spark plug assembly, both individually and in combination with other dimensions.

Abstract: A spark plug of an internal combustion engine is provided for improving the mixing degree between air and fuel, improving the combustion efficiency, eliminating carbon deposit, and decreasing exhaust emission. The spark plug comprises an isolator body, a metal casing, a central electrode and a ground electrode. The ground electrode is of three 180° spiral shape, two 180° spiral shape or one 180° spiral shape. The ends of the ground electrode straddle the central electrode and are connected to the metal casing.

Abstract: A spark plug having a reference electrode and one or more elongated electrodes located outboard from a center electrode of the spark plug. The reference electrode and the elongated electrodes each have serrations formed on surfaces facing the center electrode.

Abstract: In a light emitting module arranging therein a plurality of LEDs, each LED includes: an LED chip; and an anode connected to the LED chip. The anode includes: a support surface supporting the LED chip; and an extending part extending with respect to the support surface, and the extending parts in the plurality of LEDs separate from each other.

Abstract: A composition for forming an electron emission source includes a polymer comprising a carbon-based material; a vehicle; and a unit of formula (1) below: wherein A1 is a single bond, or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkylene group; and Z1 and Z2 are each hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkoxy group, a carboxyl group, an —NR1R2 group, a part of a styrene group resin, or a part of a novolac resin, and R1 and R2 are each hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C30 aryl group. An electron emission source may be formed from the composition for forming an electron emission source, and an electron emission device and an electron emission display device may include the electron emission source. When the composition is used to form an electron emission source, the printability of the composition is improved and thus repeated printings can be carried out.

Abstract: An electron emission source includes a carbon-based material and resultant material formed by curing and heat treating at least one silicon-based material represented by formula (1), (2), and/or (3) below: where R1 through R22 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkenyl group, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group or a mercapto group, and m and n are each integers from 0 to 1,000. An electron emission device and an electron emission display device include the electron emission source. A composition for forming electron emission sources includes the carbon-based material and the silicon-based material. A method of forming the electron emission source includes applying the composition to a substrate; and heat treating the applied composition.

Abstract: An electron emission device includes a substrate, a first electrode on the substrate, a second electrode electrically insulated from the first electrode, a first insulating layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, an electron emission source hole in the first insulating layer and the second electrode to expose the first electrode, and an electron emission source having a first electron emission material layer on the first electrode in the electron emission source hole and a second electron emission material layer on the first electron emission material layer.

Abstract: A composition for forming an electron emitter, an electron emitter formed using the composition, and a backlight unit including the electron emitter, where dispersion of the electron emission material in the composition is increased, and the composition includes an electron emission material, a vehicle, and carbon-based filler particles.

Abstract: The display device module according to the present invention comprises a pixel circuit section including at least one light emitting area, each light emitting area being formed on an overlying area of a first electrode and a second electrode on a substrate; at least one first line connected to a first end portion of the first electrode; at least one first auxiliary line to a second end portion of the first electrode; at least one second auxiliary line having a connecting bar formed at one end thereof; at least one second line connected to the second electrode; and at least one dummy line having a connecting bar formed at one end thereof, the dummy line being disposed not to contact with the pixel circuit section.

Abstract: An electron emission display that can mitigate or prevent problems of an arc discharge and a wire disconnection due to increases in resistance at portions where a sealing member contacts electrodes includes: an electron emission device on which upper surfaces of electrodes are exposed, a front panel that is disposed in front of the electron emission device, the front panel being of a phosphor material, and a sealing member that seals a space formed by the electron emission device and the front panel by being disposed on the edges of the space in contact with the electrodes. The electrodes are formed on an entire surface of the electron emission device with a narrow width at an end portion of the electron emission device where the electrodes are connected to an external power source, and the sealing member contacts the electrodes closer to the space than end portions of the electrodes where the width of the electrodes is narrowed.

Abstract: An aromatic amine derivative with a special structure obtained by bonding a diphenylamino group having a substituent to a substituted pyrene structure; and a process for producing the aromatic amine derivative. An organic electroluminescence device which comprises at least one organic thin film layer comprising a light emitting layer sandwiched between a pair of electrodes consisting of an anode and a cathode, wherein at least one of the organic thin film layer comprises the aromatic amine derivative singly or as its mixture component. An organic electroluminescence device having a prolonged lifetime and emits blue light with an enhanced efficiency of light emission and an aromatic amine derivative realizing the device are provided.

Abstract: An EL structure is described, with a single ultraviolet or blue light emitting layer that is connected to a back electrode. The top surface comprises three separate segments for the primary colors red, green and blue. Another single phosphorescent blend or a two-component phosphorescent blend is deposited on at least two of the three segments. Each of the three segments can be individually driven by a corresponding top electrode. Thus, a single chip solution is provided for a LED with tunable visible light.

Abstract: The invention concerns an illumination system for generation of colored, especially yellow, amber or red light, comprising a radiation source and a fluorescent material comprising at least one phosphor capable of absorbing a part of light emitted by the radiation source and emitting light of wavelength different from that of the absorbed light; wherein said at least one phosphor is a yellow to red-emitting europium(II)-activated oxonitridoaluminosilicate of general formula EA2-zSi5-aAlaN8-aOa:Euz wherein 0<a?2 and 0<z?0.2; EA is at least one earth alkaline metal chosen from the group of calcium, barium and strontium. The invention is also concerned with a red, amber or yellow-emitting a europium(II)-activated oxonitridoaluminosilicate of general formula EA2-zSi5-aAlaN8-aOa:Euz wherein 0<a?2 and 0<z?0.2; EA is at least one earth alkaline metal chosen from the group of calcium, barium and strontium.

Abstract: A simple and inexpensive structure of color organic light emitting diode display includes a transparent substrate, a color filter layer, a first electrode layer, an organic layer and a second electrode layer arranged orderly one by one. The color filter layer, which is disposed between the substrate and the first electrode layer, has a plurality of conductive first line members respectively electrically connected to the electrodes of the first electrode layer for use as auxiliary electrodes to reduce resistance of the circuit layout while maintaining aperture ratio of the pixel.

Abstract: An OLED device comprises a cathode, an anode, and has therebetween a light emitting layer (LEL), at least one layer between the cathode and anode comprising a carbocyclic 2-aryl-9,10-biphenylanthracene compound containing a total of 8-12 aromatic rings, wherein the 6-substituent is hydrogen or an alkyl group and the 2-substituent is: (A) an unsubstituted phenyl group; (B) a phenyl group substituted with (a) a fluoro, a cyano, or an alkyl group or (b) a m- or p-phenyl group; or (C) a substituted or unsubstituted fused ring aromatic group.

Abstract: An OLED device comprises a cathode, an anode, and has therebetween a light emitting layer (LEL) comprising a phosphorescent emitting compound disposed in a host comprising a mixture of at least one electron transporting co-host and at least one hole transporting co-host, wherein there is present an electron transporting layer contiguous to the LEL on the cathode side and wherein there is present an EIL layer containing a heteroaromatic compound contiguous to the cathode.

Abstract: An OLED device comprises a cathode, an anode, and has therebetween a light emitting layer containing a host material and an emitting dopant material wherein the host includes a monoanthracene compound bearing aromatic groups in the 2-, 9-, and 10-positions and being further substituted or not with electron donating groups sufficient so as to provide an anthracene derivative that exhibits a measured oxidation potential of less than 1.28 V.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device includes: a substrate; a plurality of first electrodes arranged on the substrate; a plurality of banks arranged on the substrate and the first electrodes to define pixels on the first electrodes, the plurality of banks being of an inorganic material; a plurality of separators arranged in stripe shapes on the plurality of banks between the pixels, the plurality of separators being of an organic material; organic Emitting Material Layers (organic EMLs), each having a predetermined color, the organic EMLs being arranged within each of the pixels; and a plurality of second electrodes arranged on the organic EMLs, the plurality of banks, and the plurality of separators.

Abstract: Provided are a thiophene-containing compound represented by the following formula (X-1), and an organic electroluminescent device that includes a pair of electrodes and an organic compound layer disposed therebetween. The organic compound layer includes a charge-transporting polyester having a repeating structure containing at least one structure selected from the structures represented by the following formulae (I-1) and (I-2) as its partial structure. In formula (X-1), Ar1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic group; and R1 to R4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group; and n? is an integer of 1 to 5.

Abstract: Provided is a multicolor display apparatus including a plurality of organic light-emitting devices each including a pair of electrodes of an anode and a cathode; and an organic compound layer interposed between the pair of electrodes and including a light-emitting layer. The viewing angle characteristics of the organic light-emitting device showing an emission color with a highest visual sensitivity is such that a peak wavelength of emission spectrum and a peak wavelength of multiple interference spectrum due to the organic light-emitting device are offset with respect to each other so that the color shift of a display image on the multicolor display apparatus depending on a viewing angle is suppressed.

Abstract: An electroluminescent device comprises a cathode, an anode, and has therebetween a light emitting layer (LEL), the device further containing an electron transport layer (ETL) on the cathode side of the LEL and an organic electron injection layer (EIL) contiguous to the ETL on the cathode side, wherein the ETL contains a monoanthracene compound bearing aromatic groups in the 2-, 9-, and 10-positions.

Abstract: An electroluminescent device comprises a cathode, an anode, and has therebetween a light emitting layer (LEL), the device further containing an electron transport layer (ETL) comprising an anthracene compound on the cathode side of the LEL and an organic electron injection layer (EIL) between the ETL and the cathode comprising a phenanthroline compound, wherein the thickness of the EIL and LEL are such that the ratio of the thickness of the EIL to LEL is greater than 0.125.

Abstract: A ceramic substrate for mounting a light emitting element. The ceramic substrate has a placement surface for placing a light emitting element having an electrode; and an electrode electrically-connected with the electrode of the light emitting element, wherein the ceramic substrate comprises a substrate body consisting of a nitride ceramics; and a coat layer coating at least a part of a surface of the substrate body and consisting of a ceramics different from the nitride ceramics forming the substrate body; and the coat layer has an optical reflectance of 50% or more for any light having a wavelength of from 300 to 800 nm, which can increase a luminance of the light emitting element by reflecting the light emitted from the element efficiently with certainty, and which has a high heat radiation property; and a manufacturing method therefor.

Abstract: A tandem organic electroluminescent device. The tandem organic electroluminescent device comprises a substrate having a pixel thin film transistor. A rib with chambered corners is formed on the substrate, surrounding a display region. A protrusion is formed in the display region. A plurality of organic light emitting diodes is stacked vertically in the display region, covering the protrusion, wherein each organic light emitting diode comprises a top electrode, an organic electroluminescent layer, and a bottom electrode. The bottom electrode of the bottommost organic light emitting diode is electrically connected to the pixel thin film transistor. A common electrode electrically connected to the top electrode of the topmost organic light emitting diode directly over the protrusion.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes a substrates pixel electrodes provided on the substrate, a negative electrode facing the pixel electrodes, and a hole injection layer and a luminescent layer that are provided between the pixel electrodes and the negative electrode so as to be laminated, from the substrate side, in that order, wherein an insulating layer having liquid repellency for a hole injection layer-forming material is provided between the adjacent pixel electrodes so as to separate the pixel electrodes from each other and to overlap with the peripheries of the pixel electrodes in plain view, the hole injection layer is provided on the pixel electrodes separated by the insulating layer, and the level of the top surface of the hole injection layer is substantially the same as the level of the top surface of the insulating layer provided on the peripheries of the pixel electrodes.

Abstract: A sealing method for decreasing the time it takes to hermetically seal a device and the resulting hermetically sealed device (e.g., a hermetically sealed OLED device) are described herein. The sealing method includes the steps of: (1) cooling an un-encapsulated device; (2) depositing a sealing material over at least a portion of the cooled device to form an encapsulated device; and (3) heat treating the encapsulated device to form a hermetically sealed device. In one embodiment, the sealing material is a low liquidus temperature inorganic (LLT) material such as, for example, tin-fluorophosphate glass, tungsten-doped tin fluorophosphate glass, chalcogenide glass, tellurite glass, borate glass and phosphate glass. In another embodiment, the sealing material is a Sn2+-containing inorganic oxide material such as, for example, SnO, SnO+P2O5 and SnO+BPO4.