Abstract: A method for downlink communication with a downhole tool having a mud-powered downhole motor that includes receiving a sensor signal related to a rotational speed of a rotor in the mud-powered downhole motor, and interpreting the sensor signal to derive a downlink signal.

Abstract: A downhole communication apparatus has a signal coupler disposed in an end of a downhole tubular component. The signal coupler has a transceiver portion and a conductor portion. A data conductor integrated into the downhole tubular component is operably connected at a junction to the conductor portion of the signal coupler. A peripheral electronic device is in communication with the conductor portion of the signal coupler, either through an electrical coil wrapped around at least part of the conductor portion of the signal coupler or direct electrical contact with the conductor portion of the signal coupler.

Abstract: The invention is a system for transmitting data through downhole environments comprising a downhole network integrated into a downhole tool string. The downhole tool string comprises a plurality of downhole components. Each downhole component also comprises a conductor intermediate and operably connected to mating communication elements proximate the ends of the downhole component. The mating communication elements comprise magnetically conductive portions with different curie temperatures. The magnetically conductive portion may comprise segments or solid portions adapted to operate in the harsh downhole environments with temperatures ranging from 25 C to 275 C. Each downhole component is selected from the group consisting of drill pipes, drill collars, bottom hole assemblies, reamers, jars and/or production pipes.

Abstract: A method of operating an RF communicator adapted for an automatic meter reading (AMR) system includes maintaining the communicator in a low-power standby mode and automatically responding to bubble-up events that are spaced apart by time durations. The step of responding includes initiating the RF communicator to exit the standby mode and enter into an active operating mode, and thereafter return to the standby mode. A time duration between successive bubble-up events is automatically adjusted. One method of automatically adjusting a bubble up rate includes automatically setting the bubble-up rate to a relatively higher rate during a time of relatively high expectation of an occurrence of a communication attempt, and automatically setting the bubble-up rate to a relatively lower rate during a time of relatively low expectation of an occurrence of a communication attempt.

Abstract: A mobile communications device comprising a location sensing system, producing a location output; a memory, storing a set of locations and associated events; a telecommunications device, communicating event and location information between a remote system and said memory; and a processor, processing said location output in conjunction with said stored locations and associated events in said memory, to determine a priority thereof.

Abstract: In a DSRC communications controller equipped with a plurality of reception means for DSRC communications according to the invention, a reception reservation storage section 104 comprises means for detecting a communications frame start signal (unique word 1) of DSRC communications by using reception means not engaged in communications among the plurality of reception means and means for storing the control information of DSRC communications where the communications frame start signal is detected. On completion of DSRC communications by way of reception means, a controller uses the control information stored in the reception reservation storage section to establish next communications. This allows continuous reception of information from a plurality of roadside machines to be made efficiently even in case a plurality of communications areas overlap one another.

Abstract: A vision system and method for use on a refueling tanker to assist a boom operator in performing an airborne refueling operation on a receiver aircraft. The system includes a digital camera system, a sensor subsystem and a processing system that receives information from the sensor system and the camera system. The processing system includes video processing capability and a graphics generator that generates a two dimensional graphics symbology set that is displayed on a display terminal along with a real time image of the boom and the receiver aircraft. The graphics symbology set includes a plurality of graphic symbols that indicate the position of the refueling boom and the position of the receiver aircraft relative to a desired contact zone within which physical contact between the boom tip and a refueling receptacle on the receiver aircraft can be made. The graphics symbology set also makes use of various colors to indicate warning conditions to the boom operator.

Abstract: A method of generating a character set is provided, including: receiving two bytes of a character code value and determining whether or not the character code value is greater than a predetermined reference value; adding a predetermined offset value to the character code value and outputting the resultant value if the character code value is greater than the predetermined reference value, and outputting the character code value if the character code value is not greater than the predetermined reference value; and adding null data to the end of a character string consisting of the character code value after the character code value is input.

Abstract: A method for encoding data includes a super cooling process wherein an input stream is manipulated, encoded and summarized to form entities that represent the input stream in a different form in super cooled sets. The super cooled sets can be used for example for the transmission and/or storage of the information contained within the input stream.

Abstract: An encoder for encoding a communication signal includes a signal buffer to buffer data associated with the communication signal. A DC-Check circuit to compute a metric as a function of the data. A DC tracking block to generate a flip signal as a function of the metric, the flip signal having a flip state and a nonflip state. A flip unit, responsive to the flip signal, to control a flip bit of an output of the signal buffer such that an average DC value of the data approaches zero.

Abstract: A system and a method of suppressing outstanding degradation of decoded audio quality due to a transmission error of audio coded data are provided without feedback information from a receiver, thereby reducing the increase of the number of necessary transmission bands and the arithmetic complexity on the receiving side. A code conversion and transmission apparatus 100 for inputting audio coded data includes first to N-th code conversion and transmission units 102 and 104 to 106 for converting audio data to N pieces of coded data, and transmitting the data at predetermined or adaptively variable time intervals to M transmission lines 130. The second to N-th audio code conversion and transmission units 104 to 106 codes a frame at a compression rate equal to or higher than the rate of input coded data.

Abstract: A real-time sample rate converter having a non-polynomial convolution kernel provides reduction in die area and power for performing sample rate conversion in real-time. A non-polynomial convolution kernel, which may be a gaussian operator, is used to determine output sample values from values of an incoming stream of values. If the input sample rate is higher than the output sample rate, the input sample stream is convolved with the gaussian kernel and then decimated to yield the output stream. If the input sample rate is lower than the output sample rate, the input stream is resampled to a small multiple of the output sample rate and convolved with the gaussian kernel to produce the output sample stream directly.

Abstract: A hardware-implemented Huffman decoder converting Huffman-encoded data to raw data using logic gates to implement logic states. The logic states include IDLE, COEFF_READ, COEFF_WRITE, HUFF_ADDR_LOG, HUFF_ADDR_PHY, AMP_CAL, and EOB_RUN13 GEN. IDLE state transfers to COEFF_READ or AMP_CAL states according to eob_run, ac_first_scan, and ss signals, COEFF_READ state transfers to HUFF_ADDR_LOG or AMP_CAL states according to ac_first_scan, ac_refine_scan, eob_run, new_ac_nonzero_coeff, and dc_refine_scan signals. COEFF_WRITE state transfers to AMP_CAL or COEFF_READ states according to ac_first_scan, coeff_index, zero_run, and eob_run signals. HUFF_ADDR_LOG state transfers to HUFF_ADDR_PHY state and HUFF_ADDR_PHY state transfers to AMP_CAL or EOB_RUN_GEN states according to ac_first_scan and ac_refine_scan signals.

Abstract: A network device capable of transmitting data includes a processor, an encoder and a port. The encoder encodes the data using a known valid dictionary while constructing a new dictionary over an epoch of data. A network device capable of receiving encoded data is also disclosed. The network device includes a processor, a port and a decoder. The decoder is operable to decode the data using a known valid dictionary, while constructing a new dictionary over the epoch of data. When a valid dictionary has been constructed, the receiving device notifies the transmitting device.

Abstract: A receiving device oversamples incoming serial data using multiple phases of its system clock. The device detects an initial edge in the set of samples and selects a sample based on the location of the initial edge. A first bit is set to the value of the selected sample. A portion of the set of samples following the initial edge. If an edge is detected, then a sample is selected based upon the location of the detected edge and the next bit is set to the value of the selected sample. If an edge is not detected within this portion, then the position of the next edge is estimated. A sample is selected based upon the location of the estimated edge and the next bit is set to the value of the selected sample. The analysis is repeated for another portion of the set of samples following the newest edge.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention a data processing circuit includes a first data path for processing first data. The first data path includes a first data storage circuit. A second data path is provided for processing second data. The second data path includes a second data storage circuit. A multiplexer having a first input coupled to the first data path and a second input coupled to the second data path receives the stored values. The multiplexer includes a select input coupled to a clock signal. A delay circuit is configured to delay storage of the second data in the second data storage circuit, wherein the first data storage circuit stores the first data in response to receiving a first timing signal, and the second data storage circuit stores the second data in response to receiving a second timing signal.

Abstract: A system for presenting serial drive signals for effecting communication of parallel data signals includes: a controller; a serializer coupled with the controller; and a tri-state logic device coupled with the serializer. The controller provides parallel logic state signals to the serializer. The serializer treats the parallel data signals to present a serial data signal representing the parallel data signals at a first output locus, and treats the parallel logic state signals to present a serial logic state signal representing the parallel logic state signals at a second output locus. The tri-state logic device receives the serial data signal and the serial logic state signal for logical evaluation. The tri-state logic device presents the serial drive signals at a third output locus. Each respective drive signal has a respective drive state. Each respective drive state is determined by the logical evaluation.

Abstract: A signal encoding method according to the present invention is a signal encoding method of dividing a coding target signal as an object of coding into partition units and performing arithmetic coding based on probability-related information in the partition units, which comprises (1) a configuration information deriving step of analyzing the coding target signal in each of the partition units to derive as configuration information, information about an initial value of the probability-related information used for the arithmetic coding of the coding target signal in the partition unit in question; (2) a coding step of performing the arithmetic coding of the coding target signal in each of the partition units, based on the configuration information derived in the configuration information deriving step; and (3) a configuration information adding step of adding a header containing the configuration information to the arithmetic-coded signal in each of the partition units.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a test set-up (20) and method of testing a correlated double sampling circuit (CDS) (24) by using a sinusoidal test signal (22) for measuring linearity. The present invention generates a sinusoidal signal with two accurate and known levels at two different time points, as an input to the CDS. The cosinusoidal output of the CDS is then processed using an ADC (60) and processor (62) to check the functionality and linearity of the CDS circuit under test.

Abstract: The quantizers of delta sigma modulators in the signal processing systems described herein use a reduced set of comparators for quantization by predetermining and maintaining a maximum per cycle deviation d between a loop filter output signal VLF(t) and a predicted quantizer output signal qest. In at least one embodiment, a maximum quantizer level deviation d is defined in terms of a number of quantization levels. Thus, the number of comparators in a quantizer needed to quantize the quantizer input signal Vin(t) is based on the maximum quantizer level deviation d. In addition to using fewer comparators than available quantization output levels N, the quantizers can use an even number of comparators M, in contrast to comparable conventional reduced comparator ADC tracking quantizer designs using M+1 number of comparators, where N and Mare integers and M<N.

Abstract: Quantizers of delta sigma modulators include comparators to quantize a quantizer input signal. Each comparator compares a respective reference signal to the quantizer input signal. A logic processing module determines a quantizer output signal based upon the comparison. During subsequent periods of time, a comparator offset converter alters “reference signal-to-comparator input terminal” associations to reroute respective reference signals from one arrangement of comparator input terminals of at least two (2) of the comparators to a different arrangement of comparator input terminals. The comparator offset converter can randomly alter the reference signal-to-comparator input terminal associations. The comparator offset converter can maintain a 1:1 reference signal-to-comparator input terminal relationship.

Abstract: A ?? analog-to-digital converter has a ?? modulation section which executes ?? modulation, and a digital filter which filters a digital signal output from the ?? modulation section. The digital filter has gain properties that one of dips of a gain of the digital filter corresponds to a noise frequency which is, for example, the commercial frequency 60 Hz. Especially, the lowest frequency of the dips corresponds to the noise frequency.

Abstract: A delta-sigma modulator having predictive-controlled power consumption provides for reduced power consumption in analog-to-digital converters. The initial integrator stage of the delta-sigma modulator has a bias control input, which controls the level of power consumed by the integrator. The bias control input is coupled to a predictor circuit that predicts the level of change at the output of the integrator for the sample cycle. The predictor circuit may use changes in the output of the modulator quantizer alone or in combination with measured changes in the input signal in order to predict the level of change in the integrator output. The quantizer output may be differentiated to remove low frequency components and thereby provide the predictive input from the quantizer. Alternatively, steps in the quantizer output computed by differences may be used directly.

Abstract: A digital-to-analog converter (DAC) for generating an analog output voltage according to a digital input value includes a plurality of pulse width modulation (PWM) units and a voltage generating unit. The digital input value includes a plurality of bit segments. The plurality of PWM units generates a plurality of PWM signals according to the plurality of bit segments of the digital input value. The voltage generating unit is coupled to the plurality of PWM units and generates the analog output voltage according to the plurality of PWM signals.

Abstract: A method of digitally processing an analog signal in continuous time includes producing a continuous-time digital signal from an analog signal via a technique that does not include periodic sampling, then producing one or more delayed versions of the continuous-time digital signal. Each delayed version is delayed by nT, where n is an integer greater than zero, and T is a delay interval. The method further includes multiplying the continuous-time digital signal and each of the delayed versions by one or more associated coefficients, so as to produce a set of products, then adding the set of products, so as to produce a sum value corresponding to the analog signal processed by a transfer function defined by the associated coefficients. The individual bit paths of the continuous-time digital signal are multiplied by the coefficients, and the resulting products are combined by a binary-weighted adder.

Abstract: A remote controller apparatus has a controller body, which is provided with annularly disposed display devices displaying as images operating buttons for the purpose of executing functions of a remotely controlled apparatus, and which is further provided with a display device at the center of the annularly disposed display devices. Operating switches are provided below each of the display devices, a transparent shuttle ring is disposed over the annularly disposed display devices, and a transparent center button is provided over the display device at the center. The shuttle ring is caused to rotate, and if necessary operating buttons displayed by each of the display devices are switched to other operating buttons.

Abstract: A method and system are disclosed for generating and detecting secure UWB or relatively small time domain impulsive communications signals. A transmitter generates a sequence of at least three pulses having a predetermined template, and the pulses are generated in a predetermined sequence anywhere within a series of predetermined time intervals. A receiver detects the sequence of pulses within the predetermined intervals by convolving the predetermined template with the received signal. The information represented by the detected pulses is preferably used for secure communications.

Abstract: The invention provides a radar system capable of transmitting data communications concurrently with and on a non-interfering basis with the normal radar functions. A continuous-wave carrier frequency is generated and transmitted to perform the normal radar function such as the processing of doppler data. For data communication purposes, the carrier signal is pulse modulated at selected pulse repetition frequencies with the selected PRF transmitted as first-order sideband components of the fixed carrier frequency. PRF selection is made in accordance with input digital data. A remotely-disposed command link receiver processes the incoming carrier wave and its sideband components to reconstruct the information contained in the transmitted data rates. Sensitivity and optimum detection by the command link receiver is achieved in a special manner that includes a phase locking of the received carrier frequency to the generated carrier frequency.

Abstract: A system and method for electromagnetic position determination utilizing a calibration process. For calibration, a transmitter is positioned at multiple locations in an area of interest and multiple receivers receive and record signal characteristics from the transmitter to generate a calibration data set. The unknown position of a transmitter may be determined by receiving signals from the transmitter by multiple receivers. A locator data set is generated based on the comparison between two received signal characteristics determined for each receiver. The locator data set is compared with the calibration data set to determine the unknown position. In one embodiment, the signal comparisons are the differences between electric and magnetic field phase. Further embodiments utilize signal amplitude differences. A reciprocal method utilizing a single receiver and multiple transmitter locations is disclosed.

Abstract: A radar pulse compression repair (RPCR) system includes a receiver for receiving a radar return signal, a matched filter for applying matched filtering to the radar return signal to generate a matched filter output, a processor programmed for applying Radar Pulse Compression Repair (RPCR) to the matched filter output to suppress a plurality of range sidelobes from the matched filter output, and a detector for receiving the RPCR-processed output. The RPCR invention in operating upon the output of the matched filter enables RPCR to be employed as a post-processing stage in systems where it is not feasible to replace the existing pulse compression apparatus. RCPR can also be selectively employed when it is possible that large targets are present that may be masking smaller targets, thereby keeping computational complexity to a minimum.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting clutter blocks and an interference source for dynamically establishing a clutter map includes a clutter block detecting module accumulates a plurality of range cell data of each detecting area, and compares the accumulated value with a clutter block level to define the position of a clutter block; a interference source detecting module accumulates all range cell data in each radar beam area, and compares the accumulated value with an interference source reference level to detect whether any interference source exists; and a clutter map establishing module saves the clutter maps on different beam areas in three memory blocks. When one clutter map cell is extracted, the clutter map cells on different beam areas neighboring with the beam area saving extracted clutter map cell are also extracted. The largest value among the extracted clutter map cells is being a clutter threshold value of a detected target.

Abstract: A circuit for providing gain compensation to a swept frequency response in an ultra-wideband system includes using a variable amplitude IF signal into a gigahertz mixer to control the amplitude of a ultra-wideband transmitter. The variable amplitude IF signal is generated by a multiplier receiving a fixed-level intermediate frequency (IF) signal and a gain control input. The gain control input being provided by an digital-to-analog converter controlled by gain control values in a look-up table. The values of the look-up table are generated by inverting, normalizing, and scaling the uncompensated gain response of the ultra-wideband system. The gain compensated system produces a substantially flat amplitude response at the output of a quadrature receiver.

Abstract: A microwave imaging system uses microwave radiation provided by a microwave source to image targets. The system includes an array of antenna elements that are capable of being programmed with a respective transmission coefficient to direct the microwave illumination from the microwave source toward a position on the target. The antenna elements are further capable of being programmed with a respective additional transmission coefficient to receive reflected microwave illumination reflected from the position on the target and direct the reflected microwave illumination towards a microwave receiver. A processor is operable to measure an intensity of the reflected microwave illumination to determine a value of a pixel within an image of the target. Multiple beams can be directed towards the target to obtain corresponding pixel values for use by the processor in constructing the image.

Abstract: A method of and computer-readable medium containing instructions for high accuracy, reliable position determination. The ADAPT-RTK Technology (Automatic Decorrelation and Parameter Tuning Real-Time Kinematic technology) is described using an innovative decorrelation algorithm to decorrelate the correlation between L1 and L2 measurements through a functional model and a stochastic model reducing the impact on performance of distance dependent biases.

Abstract: A combined global positioning system receiver and two-way radio communications unit (GPS/radio unit) that is configured for wirelessly communicating with one or more other such units and that includes a substantially waterproof enclosure for protection of the electronic components contained therein is provided. The substantially waterproof enclosure includes first and second cooperatively mated housing sections which, when mated, form an internal compartment or chamber for enclosing electronic components of the GPS/radio unit. The waterproof enclosure may further include a cover positioned over a plurality of tubular structures which protrude from a top end wall of the second housing section. Also provided is a method of waterproofing a GPS/radio unit including a number of different techniques for waterproofing different features and elements of the enclosure.

Abstract: A satellite positioning system receiver programmed to operate synchronously with an expected time of arrival of information from at least one satellite of a satellite positioning system, and to receive the information from the at least one satellite when the receiver is operating during the expected time of arrival of the information. In one embodiment, the receiver operates synchronously with an expected arrival of specific subframe information from at least one satellite of a satellite positioning system, and receives the specific subframe information when the receiver is operating.

Abstract: A navigation device (1) with a housing (2), an antenna (3), forming a part of the device (1), for position signals, an internal conversion unit (11) for evaluating and converting the received position signals into digital position information, a central processing unit (4) with a navigation interface (12) for receiving and for processing the digital position information, and with a data input (8) via which an external receiving antenna (in 9) with an external conversion unit (in 9) can be connected for generating digital position information, provides for preferred processing of externally formed digital position information in a very simple manner in that the processing unit (4) is preceded by a switching device (13), the output of which is connected to the navigation interface (12) and which switches from the internal conversion unit (11) to the data input (8) when externally formed digital position information reaches the device (1) via the data input (8).

Abstract: An apparatus and method for locating a UE using a GPS and a dead-reckoning sensor are disclosed. At an initial time, the UE calculates its initial position and the initial position of a serving Node B using a received GPS satellite signal and calculates a first distance between the UE and the Node B based on a first RTT received from the Node B. A predetermined time later, the UE calculates a second distance between the UE and the Node B based on a second RTT received from the Node B, calculates the distance that it has moved using the first and second distances and its position angle measured the predetermined time later, and calculates a displacement in correspondence with the distance using the position angle. Then the position of the UE is obtained by adding the displacement to the initial position of the UE.

Abstract: GPS receivers utilize reference pulse shapes in operations to determine estimates of position and time to correct for range biases in differential operations and in signal quality operations. The reference pulse shapes may be code family based, or may be calibrated on a per satellite basis, to incorporate therein the affects of the satellite hardware on the transmitted signals. The receivers may further manipulate the calibrated pulse shape models on a per receiver basis, to incorporate therein the affects of the IF and RF paths through the respective receivers. The calibrated reference pulse shapes may also be used in multipath mitigation processing operations for the respective codes, to produce estimates of the direct path signals and corrections for the carrier and code tracking loops.

Abstract: A radar antenna has a reflector and maximum gain along its boresight. The reflector has a periphery, typically circular, rectangular or elliptical. A plurality of Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite signal receiving antennas are rigidly, mechanically attached to the reflector near its periphery. The plurality of GPS satellite signal receiving antennas are connected pairwise to a phase comparator for comparing a plurality of first phase differences induced by a first GPS satellite signal received concurrently between the plurality of GPS satellite signal receiving antennas. A Phase comparator measures the phase difference of the signal received at GPS satellite signal receiving antennas pairwise thus performing a differential phase measurement. This differential phase measurement is supplied to a computer for identifying an ambiguous boresight position using the phase differences measured by the phase comparator. The position of the GPS satellites is known with respect to the geo-location of the antenna.

Abstract: A portable device, such as a handheld device (10), laptop device or other suitable portable device, employs an antenna beam selection structure that is coupled to a plurality of built-in antennas (12 and 14) of the portable device that have different beam angles with respect to each other. The plurality of built-in antennas are coupled to a satellite network positioning signal processing circuit (18) so that device positioning signals from a satellite network can be received and processed by the device. The plurality of built in antennas may be stationary or movable with respect to each other. A control circuit (20) is operative to control switching between each of the plurality of built in antennas based on detected signal strength, signal quality measurements, the number of positioning satellites detected by a satellite network positioning signal processing circuit or other suitable criteria.

Abstract: A location system is disclosed for commercial wireless telecommunication infrastructures. The system is an end-to-end solution having one or more location centers for outputting requested locations of commercially available handsets or mobile stations (MS) based on, e.g., CDMA, AMPS, NAMPS or TDMA communication standards, for processing both local MS location requests and more global MS location requests via, e.g., Internet communication between a distributed network of location centers. The system uses a plurality of MS locating technologies including those based on: (1) two-way TOA and TDOA; (2) pattern recognition; (3) distributed antenna provisioning; and (4) supplemental information from various types of very low cost non-infrastructure base stations for communicating via a typical commercial wireless base station infrastructure or a public telephone switching network.

Abstract: Methods, radios, components thereof, and other devices for localizing a geographic position of a radio receiver are provided. A current radio signature is obtained. The current radio signature comprises a plurality of measured signal qualities that collectively represent a frequency spectrum. Each measured signal quality in the plurality of measured signal qualities corresponds to a portion of the frequency spectrum. The current radio signature is compared with a plurality of reference radio signatures. Each reference radio signature in the plurality of reference radio signatures is associated with a global position. When the comparing identifies a unique match between the current radio signature and a reference radio signature in the plurality of reference radio signatures, the radio receiver is deemed to be localized to the global position associated with the reference radio signature.

Abstract: An antenna array (e.g., microstrip patch antenna) operates in a manner that exploits the particular susceptibility of the mutual coupling effects between radiating elements in the array. Various differential-mode excitation schemes are provided for determining optimal differential-mode voltages or optimal differential-mode currents that are applied to the radiating elements (e.g., microstrip patches) to thereby achieve certain desirable radiation characteristics including, for example, aiming a radiated beam in a prescribed direction, steering the beam, shaping the radiated beam, and/or optimizing the gain of the antenna in a specified direction.

Abstract: A radio frequency identification (RFID) system includes an RFID device, and a conductive material that cooperates with the RFID device to enhance performance of the RFID device. The RFID device and the conductive material may be within a distance of about one-quarter of a wavelength of energy most preferentially received by the RFID device. The RFID device may be mounted at an angle to the conductive material. Alternatively, or in addition, the RFID device may be partially overlapped by the conductive material. The RFID device may include a conductive antenna structure having an aperture therein.

Abstract: A metalized circuit suitable for application as a radio frequency antenna is produced by forming an antenna coil pattern on a flexible substrate. The antenna coil pattern is formed using a conductive ink which is patterned on the substrate. The conductive ink is cured and an electrical-short layer is formed across the coils of the conductive ink pattern. An insulating layer is formed over top of the electrical-short layer, a metal layer electroplated on top of the conductive layer, and then the electrical-short layer is removed. The use of the electrical-short layer during the electroplating allows for the voltage at the different points on the conductive ink layer to be relatively similar, so that a uniform electroplate layer is formed on top of the conductive ink layer. This results in a better quality radio frequency antenna at a reduced cost.

Abstract: An X-Band microstrip antenna for use on a fourteen inch diameter projectile to transmit telemetry data. The X-Band microstrip antenna is configured to wrap around the projectile's body without interfering with the aerodynamic design of the projectile. The X-Band microstrip antenna operates at 7900 to 8100 MHz telemetry frequency band. Sixteen microstrip antenna elements equally spaced around the projectile provide for linear polarization and a quasi-omni directional radiation pattern.

Abstract: A method of suppressing grating lobes generated in a radiating pattern of a phased array antenna, and a patch antenna element for use in the phased array antenna are described. The phased array antenna is formed from a plurality of symmetrical patch antenna elements spaced apart at a predetermined distance from each other. Each patch antenna element is configured for producing an asymmetrical radiation pattern. The antenna element includes a conductive ground plane, a radiating patch backed by a cavity and arranged in cavity aperture, and a feed arrangement. The patch antenna element is configured such that a dimension of the radiating patch along the E-plane of the antenna element is less than the dimension of the cavity aperture by a first predetermined value selected to provide an asymmetrical radiation pattern of the patch antenna element.

Abstract: A multifrequency inverted-F antenna includes a radiating element having opposite first and second ends, a grounding element spaced apart from the radiating element, and an interconnecting element extending between the radiating and grounding elements and including first, second, and third parts. The first part is connected to the radiating element at a feeding point between the first and second ends. The second part is offset from the first part in a longitudinal direction, and is connected to the grounding element. The third part interconnects the first and second parts. A feeding line is connected to the interconnecting element.

Abstract: A portable information terminal with communication capabilities according to the present invention comprises a conductive housing, a display, and a planar antenna. The display is attached to the inside of the housing. The planar antenna is attached to the outside of the housing.