Abstract: A brake control system includes a plurality of fluid channels communicating from a hydraulic pressure source to a reservoir for controlling brake hydraulic pressures supplied to respective brake calipers by a plurality of hydraulic pressure control valves arranged in the respective fluid channels, wherein valve drive circuits for controlling the hydraulic pressure control valves are provided, two power relays for supplying power are connected to the plurality of valve drive circuits and when all hydraulic pressure control valves arranged in one fluid channel are normally open valves which communicate the hydraulic pressure source to the reservoir when nonenergized, different power relays are used for at least two valve drive circuits in the valve drive circuit corresponding to all the hydraulic pressure control valves to thereby prevent a malfunction of one power relay from causing all brake hydraulic pressures to fall.

Abstract: An actuator installed in a vehicle controls brake fluid pressures applied respectively to a first wheel cylinder for a front wheel and a second wheel cylinder for a rear wheel. The actuator includes a first pump for the front wheel, a second pump for the rear wheel, and a motor for driving the first pump and the second pump. The first pump sucks brake fluid and discharges the brake fluid to the first wheel cylinder. The second pump sucks brake fluid and discharges the brake fluid to the second wheel cylinder. In addition, a discharge volume of the first pump is larger than a discharge volume of the second pump.

Abstract: A brake unit for a hydraulic, single-circuit or multi-circuit braking system of a land vehicle, with fluid on-off valves to be operated electrically, an electronic closed-loop/open-loop control circuit to provide control signals for the fluid on-off valves by which the hydraulic pressure in the brake circuits is modulated, a unit body, which consists of at least two ceramic boards connected to each other, and which has the fluid on-off valves, hydraulic connecting lines between the fluid on-off valves being incorporated in the boards, and at least one of the boards being used as the carrier board for electrical/electronic components and electrical connecting lines of the electronic open-loop/closed-loop control circuit.

Abstract: Automobile and motorcycle are not electrically stable during ignition process. This invention uses a simple delaying technique to allow delaying of the timing of secondary power supply for a prescribed time after crossing the unstable period of engine ignition period. In other words, delaying of supplying power could effectively increase the stability and safety of electrical equipment and prolong the usable life time of the electrical equipment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a transformer (10) for balancing the current in an AC circuit, comprising a primary winding (12), a secondary winding (14) and a main inductance (16). The transformer is characterized in that a capacitive component is connected in parallel to the primary winding (12) or to the secondary winding (14), whose capacitance value is determined such that the reactive current IL brought about by the main inductance (16) is substantially compensated. A transformer of this kind can preferably be employed in current balancing circuits as used, for example, in systems for backlighting LCD displays.

Abstract: A junction box receives a plurality of input signals. The input signals are combined in accordance with AND logic to provide an output signal when all input signals are present. Multiple junction boxes may be connected to one another to increase the number of input signals that are accepted.

Abstract: A load-lifting apparatus has one or more prime power sources, one or more energy storage systems and regenerative braking. Regenerative energy is recovered when the load-lifting apparatus lowers its load. The elements of the prime power sources, energy storage devices and electrical components may be distributed to provide stability for the load-lifting apparatus. The general power architecture and energy recovery method can be applied to cranes, rubber-tired gantry cranes, overhead cranes, mobile cranes, ship-to-shore cranes, container cranes, rail-mounted gantry cranes, straddle carrier cranes and elevators. In such an architecture, the energy storage system helps alleviate the power rating requirement of the prime power source with respect to the peak power requirement for lifting a load.

Abstract: A plasma process machine includes at least two electrodes disposed in a processing chamber and in contact with targets, an alternating current source connected to supply power to the electrodes, and a power delivery controller adapted to control power delivered by the alternating current source to the electrodes. The power delivery controller is configured to determine a control value from a comparison between actual power delivery as detected by a detector and a desired power delivery, and to adjust power delivery based on the control.

Abstract: A load is powered by a power source and a capacitive element in series such that the voltage provided to the load is the sum of the voltages of the power source and the capacitive element. A power converter imposing a limit on a flow of current through at least a portion of the power converter is coupled to the power source and the capacitive element, and selectively causes the capacitive element to either be charged or to discharge depending on the amount of current drawn by the load. As the capacitor discharges, the power source is permitted to supply a relatively higher amount of current to the load.

Abstract: To provide a switching device capable of a switch-controlling a voltage source regardless of voltage changes in the voltage source to be switched and the voltage source employed for switch control. A switching path 61 includes, between the input terminal 1 and output terminal 4 for a voltage source, a series connection of the source or drain electrodes of PMOS transistors 10a and 10b connected to their back-gate electrode. A driving circuit has an NMOS transistor 11a having a load resistor 12a at its drain electrode and NMOS transistor 11b having a load resistor 12b at its drain electrode, which are connected to the gate electrodes of the PMOS transistors, respectively and receives the output from the logic inverter 14 for the switching control.

Abstract: A wind park with a plurality of wind energy plants, which each have one plant control, which presets a desired value for the active power to its wind energy plant, and with a park control, which presets a desired value for the active power to be generated for each plant control and limits the active power fed by the wind park to a preset value, by shutting down a first group of wind energy plants and presetting a desired value for the active power to a second group of wind energy plants at a time, characterised in that the park control starts the wind energy plants of the first group again when the sum of the actual values of the active power of the wind energy plants of the second group has reached the preset desired value and/or a predetermined time duration has elapsed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a current-controlled converter and a method for controlling a converter of this type (U) comprising three phase outputs (R, S, T). The method comprises the following steps: a) application of a test current signal (ip) to a first (R) and a second (S) phase output of the three phase outputs (R, S, T) and isolation of the third phase output (T), when the converter (U) is activated for operation; b) respective measuring of the test signal (ip) and generation of a measuring signal (imR, imS) that is proportional to the measured test signal (ip) for both the first (R) and the second (S) phase output; c) determination of a correction value (?g1) that is dependent on said measuring signals (imR, imS); and d) control of the converter (U) in accordance with the determined correction value (?g1). The inventive method is used in particular in a converter for controlling a three-phase motor (M).

Abstract: An electronic switching unit for use with a product comprising and/or connected to a power source and at least one energy consuming load comprises a microchip, connected to a user interface switch structure. The microchip is configured to implement at least one function selected from the group consisting of an automatic delayed deactivation of a function a predetermined period after the function was activated in response to an activation signal from the switch structure; a visible indicator, and a mode selection function. The switch structure comprises a body at least a part of which is constructed from a compressible material which is deformed under pressure, so that it becomes thinner in a direction in which the pressure is exerted and in becoming thinner affects the operation of the switch structure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a paper-breaker touching safety protector, of which the control circuit unit is connected with the paper-breaking machinery part via the motor driving circuit unit, the control circuit unit is connected with the conductive touch panel via the touch detecting circuit unit, the power unit is connected respectively with the control circuit unit and motor driving circuit unit, wherein the touch detecting circuit unit includes the bio-voltage control switch circuit and ground switch circuit, the input control terminal of bio-voltage control switch circuit is connected with the conductive touch panel, the output terminal of control switch circuit is connected with the input control terminal of the ground switch circuit, the output terminal of the ground switch circuit is connected with the input control terminal of the control circuit unit.

Abstract: A coreless linear motor having a high rigidity, a high heat radiation effect, and a light weight is provided. The coreless linear motor includes a fixed member and a movable member moving relative with respect to the fixed member. The fixed member has a yoke and groups of permanent magnets arranged in the yoke. The movable member has a coil assembly. The groups of permanent magnets include first and second groups of permanent magnets arranged so as to face each other. Each of the first and second groups of permanent magnets has a plurality of magnets along a longitudinal direction of the yoke. In the plurality of magnets, magnetic poles of magnets facing along the longitudinal direction of the yoke alternate. Magnetic poles of the permanent magnets along the longitudinal direction of the yoke are the same.

Abstract: An electromotive device, operable in either a generator or motor mode, comprises a coil assembly and magnets, wherein a mechanical force and a magnetic force combine to move a driver magnet relative to an electrical coil. In one embodiment the device provides a batteryless, wireless switch controller.

Abstract: In a wiper motor including a motor body and a reduction gear apparatus, an accommodating case is integrally provided on a brush holder provided to the motor body, and this accommodating case is disposed on an outer face of a gear case so as to project from a motor yoke. A noise-preventing element including a pair of choke coils and a bidirectional varistor is accommodated in the accommodating case, and the noise-preventing element is connected between a power-feeding terminal of a connector provided on the gear case and brushes. Noises acting on a power-feeding circuit are absorbed by the noise-preventing element and noises which have leaked to the outside via an opening portion of the motor yoke are absorbed by the noise-preventing element.

Abstract: A motor may include a rotor having a rotor shaft and a magnet, at least a stator core disposed around the rotor and provided with a plurality of pole teeth, and at least a coil mounted on the stator core. The stator core includes a terminal block mounting part which is formed so as to protrude on an outer side from the stator core, and a terminal block supporting terminals for the coil is integrally mounted on the terminal block mounting part. The terminal block mounting part may be formed with at least an engaging protruded part and the terminal block is integrated with the engaging protruded part by insert molding or outsert molding.

Abstract: A duct member is disposed around outer peripheries of an engine and an engine-driven generator to define a continuous cooling-air passage between the duct member and the outer peripheries. A cooling fan is disposed in the cooling-air passage to generate a flow of cooling air from one end of the cooling-air passage to the other end during operation of the engine. An intake box is connected to one end of the cooling-air passage and has an air-intake port. A muffler box is connected to the other end of the cooling-air passage, has an air-discharge port, and accommodates an exhaust muffler of the engine. A sound-insulating housing is connected between the intake box and the muffler box to surround the duct member in order to insulate sound emitted from the duct member.

Abstract: A duct member is disposed around outer peripheries of an engine and an engine-driven generator to define a continuous cooling-air passage between the duct member and the outer peripheries. A cooling fan is disposed in the cooling-air passage to generate a flow of cool air from one end of the cooling-air passage to the other end during operation of the engine. An exhaust muffler of the engine is disposed in the vicinity of the other end of the cooling-air passage. An air guide plate is connected to the duct member and is suspended from an upper portion of the duct member to cover an upper portion of one side face of the exhaust muffler which is opposite the cooling-air passage so that the air guide plate guides the cooling air flowing out of the cooling-air passage downward along the one side face of the exhaust muffler.

Abstract: A baffle for guiding cooling fluids in a power generator cooled by a cooling fluid and having a flange, a stator, and an end stator has an inclined surface configured to direct a first portion of the cooling fluid flow towards the flange and a second portion of the cooling fluid flow towards the end stator.

Abstract: A motor actuator may include a motor, a cam driven by the motor, switch contact pieces operated by the cam, a housing case which accommodates at least the cam, the switch contact pieces, and connection terminals attached to the housing case for connecting an external power supply to the motor. The cam is formed with a step part for operating the switch contact pieces and the switch contact pieces are structured as a position sensor. The connection terminals may include a first switch terminal, a second switch terminal, a first motor terminal, and a second motor terminal. The housing case is formed with at least three cut-out portions so that the first switch terminal, the first motor terminal and the second switch terminal are disposed in this order.

Abstract: A multipolar machine (FIG. 4) with the reduced number of brushes (27) includes a rotor (2) with number of radial layers (2) (1) and 2(2) larger than 1. The radial layers are electrical connected with permanent electrical connections called “flags” (20, FIG. 8).

Abstract: A linear actuator system is described that includes a linear actuator, a first motor, and a second motor. The linear actuator is configured to transmit rotational motion to linear motion. The first motor is operatively connected to the linear actuator. The second motor is also operatively connected to the linear actuator. The first motor is configured to provide a different amount of force and a different speed to the linear actuator than the second motor. Methods of operating a linear actuator are also disclosed.

Abstract: A control system including MR or ER fluid is used to control actuation. The control system is configured to engage or disengage operably coupled elements. A joystick control system for a vehicle includes a controller configured to control engagement of operably coupled elements.

Abstract: In a vehicular alternator having a permanent magnet protection mechanism, each magnet holder of a non-magnetic characteristic if a rectangle prism shape accommodates each permanent magnet disposed between adjacent claw poles. The magnet holders are connected in a ring shape along a circumferential direction of the alternator by using each connecting plate part which extends from each magnet holder in approximate circumferential direction toward an inner side of and at a front tip part of each claw pole. The connecting plate parts and the magnet holders are made from a non-magnetic plate by cutting and bending. Making the surfaces and the connecting plate part of each magnet holder from the non-magnetic plate by cutting and bending provides a high accuracy magnet position in the alternator with low manufacturing cost.

Abstract: Holder anchoring grooves are arranged on the outer periphery of a rotor core so as to extend axially. A holder arm having a substantially T-shaped cross section is fitted to each of the holder anchoring grooves. The holder arm has a main body section, an engaging projection and magnet holding pieces. The engaging projection is engaged with the corresponding one of the holder anchoring grooves. Each of the magnet holding pieces includes a first contact section, a second contact section and a non-contact area. A magnet containing section is defined by the magnet holding pieces that are located vis-à-vis relative to each other of any two adjacently located holder arms and the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core. In the magnet containing sections, a rotor magnet is press fitted and anchored from the shaft direction. Thus, there is provided a magnet fixing structure that can accurately anchor magnets to a rotor core or the like at low cost.

Abstract: A hammer brush to be supported in pivoting fashion in a brush holder of an electric machine is equipped with a leaf spring which includes a fastening section for attachment to the brush holder an arm connected to the fastening section to which a carbon brush is fastened, and a section at the end of the arm which is bent at an angle toward the fastening section. The section at the end of the arm is bent toward the side of the arm oriented away from the carbon brush and is embodied as resilient.

Abstract: A micro rotary machine may include a micro actuator and a micro shaft coupled to the micro actuator. The micro shaft comprises a horizontal shaft and is operable to be rotated by the micro actuator. A micro tool is coupled to the micro shaft and is operable to perform work in response to motion of the micro shaft.

Abstract: The present application is directed to novel electrostatic actuators and methods of making the electrostatic actuators. In one embodiment, the electrostatic actuator comprises a substrate, an electrode formed on the substrate and a deflectable member positioned in proximity to the electrode so as to provide a gap between the electrode and the deflectable member. The deflectable member is anchored on the substrate via one or more anchors. The gap comprises at least one first region having a first gap height positioned near the one or more anchors and at least one second region having a second gap height positioned farther from the anchors than the first region. The first gap height is smaller than the second gap height.

Abstract: An electric power generator capable of using external vibrations in various directions to generate power. A fixed substrate having a surface with a plurality of electret electrodes and a movable substrate having a surface with a movable electrode are spaced from each other. The fixed substrate is fixed in the electric power generator. Spring driving bodies support the movable substrate so that the movable substrate elastically moves in any direction within an XY plane when receiving external vibrations.

Abstract: A vibration wave motor control apparatus which has a simplified construction and is reduced in cost. In a photographic apparatus including a lens, a lens position controller controls the position of the lens using a vibration wave motor driven by a drive voltage of a set frequency, and a drive-frequency controller controls the set frequency. The drive-frequency controller determines an estimated frequency based on a change in the position of a movable unit of the vibration wave motor determined from data inputted from an encoder, and based on the estimated frequency, calculates an updated value of the set frequency and inputs the same to the lens position controller.

Abstract: Fundamental waveform data transferred through a serial interface is stored in a register. A fundamental waveform generation circuit uses the data to generate a fundamental waveform. A selector is capable of providing fundamental waveform data stored in a fixed memory to the register to replace the fundamental waveform data provided through the serial interface. An initial counter provides a low level signal to an exclusive OR gate until its count value reaches a first predetermined value. A direction control signal M/I is provided to the exclusive OR gate from an external source and the direction control signal M/I at high or low level inverts a direction control signal to be provided to a direction selector.

Abstract: A piezoelectric power supply includes a power supply unit to provide DC intermediate voltage power output to drive a high voltage output unit of a first load through a first piezoelectric plate and a low voltage output unit of a second load through a second piezoelectric plate. Thereby the power supply can provide a low voltage secondary power output to reduce cost and improve power output flexibility and efficiency. It can be used on display devices such as gas discharge lamps, and also provide additional low voltage secondary power for peripheral devices such as speakers, lamps, ear sets, USB connection ports and the like.

Abstract: In order to improve the sound pressure level and the sound quality of a piezoelectric electroacoustic transducing device without impairing the size, the productivity, the cost, and the like of the device, the piezoelectric electroacoustic transducing device 1 has: a frame 20; a piezoelectric vibrator 10 in which piezoelectric elements 12, 13 are bonded to a metal plate 11; and a support member 30 which supports a peripheral portion of the piezoelectric vibrator 10 on the frame 20, and which is made of a resin film such as a ring-like PET resin, and a mesh or embossed concave and convex structure is formed on the surface of the support member 30. While maintaining the external shape of the support member 30, the support member 30 is provided with a flexibility at which a large displacement of the piezoelectric vibrator 10 is not impeded.

Abstract: An ultrasonic motor piezoelectric actuator element uses a primary longitudinal mode and a secondary bending mode and includes a stacked piezoelectric element in which piezoelectric layers and electrode layers are stacked alternately in such a manner that the electrode layers divide the piezoelectric layers into two approximately equal portions. A piezoelectric inactive region is formed from the surface portion to the center portion in the thickness direction of the stacked piezoelectric element. The migration resistance of the piezoelectric actuator element is improved while suppressing a decrease in displacement so that a short circuit can be prevented and portions generating heat during alternating polarization can be dispersed, whereby reliability is increased. Moreover, the amount of electrode material used can be reduced, whereby cost can be reduced.

Abstract: To reduce frequency variations caused by a change in frequency constant and suppress unnecessary vibrations in the case where the frequency constant of a piezoelectric substrate has a gradient. A piezoelectric resonator has vibrating electrodes 4 and 5 facing each other, which are formed on two major surfaces of a piezoelectric substrate 1a, and trapped vibrations are generated between the two vibrating electrodes. The piezoelectric substrate 1a has a constant thickness. The frequency constant of the piezoelectric substrate 1a has a gradient in a surface direction. The vibrating electrodes 4 and 5 are formed to have a gradient thickness so that the thickness gradually increases as the frequency constant of the piezoelectric substrate increases. By forming the vibrating electrodes to have a gradient thickness, unnecessary in-band vibrations are suppressed, and frequency variations are reduced.

Abstract: A piezoelectric actuator for example for a mechanical component control, comprises a plurality of piezoelectric layers of at least one piezoelectrically active region and internal electrodes which are inserted between said layers and are alternately supplied with a different polarity electric voltage. The piezoelectric actuator including the head and/or base area thereof is actively mounted, and the internal electrodes are entirely buried into the head and/or base area except a minimum contact area for respective external contacts.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for a stator core of a stepping motor may include punching a metal plate made of magnetic material in a punching direction in a pole-teeth shape of the stator core by press working, and then, bending the pole-teeth shape of the stator core in an opposite direction to the punching direction to form a plurality of pole teeth which is erected from an inner circumferential edge of the stator core. Therefore, a burr is formed on the inner side of the pole teeth of the stator core, in other words, on an opposite side to a coil which is mounted on the stator core.

Abstract: An electric generator is disclosed, which comprises: at least a magnet, each having more than two poles; and at least a claw-pole set, each being composed of an inner caw-pole and an outer claw-pole; wherein, the inner caw-pole and the outer claw-pole are interlaced arranged and used for guiding magnetic flux; the inner claw-pole is connected to an iron core whose outer diameter is smaller than the magnet and thus the loop of the inner claw-pole and the outer claw-pole is conducted; the core is winded by a solenoid coil; the number of claws of the inner claw-pole is the half of the pole number of the magnet while the outer claw-pole is the same, so that, as the magnet is move relative to the claw-pole set, the magnetic flux passing through the solenoid coil will change continuously and thus an induction electromotive force is generated.

Abstract: An electric generator for a bicycle comprising, a rotor assembly comprising a plurality of magnets disposed at regular spacings around the circumference of the rotor assembly in alternating polarity, a stator core, comprising steel plates being stacked to form the stator core, each steel plate having a U-shaped grooved cross-section with two oppositely extending magnetically engaging members, a power-generating coil is wound around the U-shaped groove of the steel plates of the stator core, and the magnetically engaging members are positioned to magnetically engage the magnets of the rotor assembly.

Abstract: A magnetic force sensing device for a brushless motor includes a drive circuit board mounted inside the casing and located below the stator, a Hall element electrically connected to the drive circuit board, an annular magnet mounted on a rotor casing and located outside the stator, and a magnetic force conducting plate having an area larger than that of the Hall element and being mounted below the drive circuit board to sandwich the Hall element with the annular magnet. Due to the addition of the magnetic force conducting plate below the magnet, magnetic flux from the magnet to the Hall element is increased.

Abstract: An alternator for a vehicle has a rotor with a field wiring, a stator with a three-phase stator wiring, a regulator, and a rectifier. The regulator and rectifier are disposed away from each other with the rotor between. An alternating current is generated in the stator wiring in response to a rotation of the rotor and a field current received in the field wiring. The rectifier converts the alternating current into a direct current and outputs the direct current as an electrical energy generated in the alternator. The regulator regulates a value of the filed current to control the electrical energy. The rectifier acts as a heat generating member, but heat generated in the rectifier is hardly transmitted to the regulator disposed away from the rectifier.

Abstract: A vehicle alternator is disclosed as having a stator having a stator winding, a rotor carried on a rotary shaft and rotatably supported inside an inner periphery of the stator, an electric device involving a rectifier for converting an AC voltage, induced in the stator winding, into a DC voltage, and a protector cover for covering the electric device. The protector cover includes a cover body, placed in a position to cover the electric device involving the rectifier, and a cover convex portion extending outward from the cover body along an axis of the rotary shaft of the rotor. The cover convex portion has an inside formed with an open space in which no electric device is disposed.

Abstract: Taught herein is a controller for a DC brushless motor comprising a control board (3) and a housing (4); wherein the control board (3) is disposed in the housing (4), and the housing (4) is made of metal materials with good thermal conductivity; a plurality of heat sinks (5) are disposed at the bottom of the housing (4), thereby heat generated by the control board (3) will be dissipated fast, and the operating temperature and failure rates are reduced; an integrated power module chip (7) disposed at the bottom of the control board (3) transfers heat to the housing (4) via an insulating heat sink (8), and in doing so prevents electric leakage; the purpose of a plurality of gaps (9) disposed at the top of the housing (4) is to provide ventilation, and to dissipate heat fast; all of these design characteristics make the invention simple in structure, and convenient for mass assembly.

Abstract: A collapsible storage arrangement for hanging files with a storage housing that retains a pivotable framework that can be pivoted between an upright configuration for enabling access to file folders and a collapsed configuration for storage. The pivotable framework can include first and second pivotally retained frame structures in combination with first and second support rails that have first and second ends pivotally connected to the first and second frame structures. The storage housing can have first and second end walls, first and second side walls, and a bottom. A lid can selectively seal the storage housing. A guide arrangement, which can comprise a flexible member, a guide panel, or a fixed inclined surface, can guide file folders toward a reclined position as the pivotable framework is pivoted from an upright configuration to a collapsed configuration.

Abstract: A retractable electrical casing structure includes a casing and a sliding bracket connected to the casing. The casing comprises a hollow body and sliding members. The sliding bracket comprises sliding sections. The sliding bracket is able to slide with respect to the casing to vary the size of the electrical casing.

Abstract: The invention relates to an item of furniture (1) comprising a furniture body (2), a furniture part (3) which is displaceably received in or on the furniture body, and an ejection device (4) having at least one ejection element (5) for displacing the movable furniture part (3) from a closed position (S) into a first open position (O), and at least one lockable drive device (6) for the at least one ejection element (5). The invention is characterized by means for displacing the at least one ejection element (5) beyond the first open position (O).

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a cabinet and a door rotatably interconnected to the cabinet for rotation about an axis. A hinge pin interchangeably interconnects one of a left hand side of the door and a right hand side of the door with the cabinet. A lock pin interchangeably interconnects the other of the left hand side and the right hand side of the door with the cabinet. A lock pin control member secures the lock pin to the door. The lock pin control member is movable between upper and lower positions to move the lock pin between locked and unlocked positions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a refrigerator body and a method of manufacturing the same. The refrigerator body of the present invention includes an outer case for defining an external appearance and an inner case for defining the interior of a refrigerator and has a foam insulation material filled into a space between the outer and inner cases. The refrigerator body also comprises recessed portions depressed at the inside of the inner case and protruding outside thereof in a direction of thickness of the inner case so as to fix a part to be installed and mounted on the inside of the inner case, and reinforcement members installed to be tightly coupled to the recessed portions at the outside of the inner case so as to reinforce the recessed portions. Accordingly, a foaming preparation operation can be rapidly and easily performed, and the foam insulation material can be prevented from leaking into the interior of the refrigerator.