Abstract: A cylindrical cover-attached encoder apparatus, including a magnetic metal-based body having a cylindrical shape, a magnetic rubber-based encoder having a cylindrical shape and formed around the outer peripheral surface of said magnetic metal-based cylindrical body, and a nonmagnetic material-based cover having a cylindrical shape and adapted to be mounted on said magnetic rubber-based encoder for covering the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion of said magnetic rubber-based encoder.

Abstract: A system and method for decoding a received data stream is disclosed. The method includes detecting first and second data transitions of a received data stream. Each of the data transitions is of a first transition type (e.g. rising or falling transition). The time interval between the data transitions is measured, and a logic value of a data bit encoded in the data stream is decoded based on the measured time interval. By decoding the data stream based on the time intervals between data transitions, the number of decoding errors due to timing changes in the data stream (such as changes due to drift or jitter in the data stream) is reduced.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for entropy decoding are disclosed. Compressed input data representing one or more signals is loaded into one or more registers. A first candidate value for a most probable signal case is prepared from the input data. A second candidate value for a least probable signal case is prepared from the input data. A final signal value for the one or more signals is selected from the first and second candidate values and an output bin value is generated based on the final signal value. A processor readable medium having embodied therein processor readable instructions for implementing the method for entropy decoding is also disclosed. In addition, a method of avoiding a branch instruction in an electronic processing algorithm is disclosed.

Abstract: A system and method for improved video encoding and decoding. The present invention addresses issues that arise in the H.264/AVC standard involving “high magnitude coefficients.” According to various embodiments of the present invention, an encoded end of block (EOB) symbol provides information comprising at least one of the maximum magnitude of values in a block, the number of values in the block with a magnitude greater than 1, and a variable length code (VLC) index indicating a VLC to be used in decoding precise magnitudes for non-zero values in the block. By including this information in the EOB symbol, improved coding efficiency is achieved.

Abstract: A system and method for realizing a Wyner-Ziv encoder may involve the following steps: (a) apply nested quantization to input data from an information source in order to generate intermediate data; and (b) encode the intermediate data using an asymmetric Slepian-Wolf encoder in order to generate compressed output data representing the input data. Similarly, a Wyner-Ziv decoder may be realized by: (1) applying an asymmetric Slepian-Wolf decoder to compressed input data using side information to generate intermediate values, and (b) jointly decoding the intermediate values using the side information to generate decompressed output data.

Abstract: Embodiments include a system for performing dispersion compensation on an electromagnetic signal received over a communication channel, the electromagnetic signal bearing information at a symbol rate. An interleaved analog to digital converter (“ADC”) block may be used, wherein the interleaved ADC block may be configured to generate a plurality of digitally sampled signals from the electromagnetic signal. An interleaved equalizer block may be configured to digitally process each of the digitally sampled signals generated by the ADC block to generate a plurality of digitally equalized signals. A multiplexer may be configured to aggregate the digitally equalized signals into a composite output signal.

Abstract: Embodiments include a system for performing dispersion compensation on an electromagnetic signal received over a communication channel, the electromagnetic signal bearing information at a symbol rate. An interleaved analog to digital converter (“ADC”) block may be used, wherein the interleaved ADC block may be configured to generate a plurality of digitally sampled signals from the electromagnetic signal. An interleaved equalizer block may be configured to digitally process each of the digitally sampled signals generated by the ADC block to generate a plurality of digitally equalized signals. A multiplexer may be configured to aggregate the digitally equalized signals into a composite output signal.

Abstract: A system for a continuous time noise shaping analog-to-digital converter (“ADC”) with a suppressed carrier pulse width modulated (“PWM”) quantizer is disclosed. In particular, a suppressed carrier feedback signal may expand the dynamic range of a sigma delta modulated ADC and enhance the stability of the noise shaping loop.

Abstract: A system and method generate a pulse width modulated signal having variable duty cycle resolution. A hardware uses minimal hardware to improve the PWM duty cycle resolution up to 0, such that highest possible resolution of a waveform can be obtained, including a sine wave. An embodiment of the invention uses a microcontroller, a divide by W counter, a delay circuit, a flip-flop, and a logic gate.

Abstract: Embodiments of a digital potentiometer are disclosed that require lesser numbers of components than conventional digital potentiometers. A first string of elemental impedance devices, and at least one bulk impedance device, are provided between first and second reference terminals. The first string of elemental impedance devices is tapped by wiper switches. The at least one bulk impedance device has an impedance greater than an impedance of the first string. If desired, second and third bypassable impedance device strings also may be provided between the first and second reference terminals, with the impedance of the respective second and third strings being between the impedance of the first string and the impedance of one bulk impedance device. One or more dummy structures each including an impedance device in parallel with a permanently-on switch also may be between the first and second reference terminals to improve linearity.

Abstract: A CMOS image sensor system includes first and second groups of CMOS sensors each responsive to periodic first and second clock signal edges, the second clock signal edge being out-of-phase with the first clock signal edge. Output signals of the first group of CMOS sensors are coupled to a first group of sampling capacitors, respectively, by a first group of sampling switches. Then output signals of the second group of CMOS sensors are coupled to a second group of sampling capacitors, respectively, by means of a second group of sampling switches. Sampled signals on the second group of sampling capacitors to an input of an ADC, and then sampled signals on the first group of sampling capacitors are coupled to the input of the ADC by means of by multiplexing and sample/hold circuitry. A phase of at least one of the first and second clock signal edges is adjusted in response to calibration information so as to avoid circuit noise from being superimposed on sampled signals coupled to the input of the ADC.

Abstract: A superconducting analog-to-digital converter includes a superconducting input loop to which is applied an analog voltage to be converted to a digital format. The superconducting loop includes two Josephson junctions for converting said analog input voltage into a single flux quantum (SFQ) pulse stream having a frequency f1 which is directly proportional to the amplitude of the analog input voltage. The loop includes two outputs for distributing the pulse stream in a cyclical and staggered fashion onto the two loop outputs such that the frequency of the pulses along each one of the loop outputs is f1/2. Additional frequency divider circuits may be coupled to the loop outputs to produce pulse streams on N output lines having a frequency of f1/N.

Abstract: A radio signal receiver in which a RF-receiving unit 12 converts a radio received signal to a baseband signal, an AD-conversion unit 15a, 15b converts that baseband received signal to a digital signal, and a baseband-processing unit 16 uses the digital signal to perform specified baseband processing, and in which an average-interference-level-measurement unit (SIR measurement unit) 17 measures the average interference level of the received signal, an amp-gain-adjustment unit 18 sets the gain so that a fixed binary value becomes that measured average interference level, and a variable-gain amp 14a, 14b controls the reception level of the received signal by that set gain.

Abstract: A thermometer code generator includes n bit storing stages that are coupled to each other, where n is an integer greater than 1, and the n bit storing stages store a thermometer code, and are adapted to increase the stored thermometer code by 1 in synchronization with a clock signal when an up signal is active, to decrease the stored thermometer code by 1 in synchronization with the clock signal when a down signal is active, and to maintain the stored thermometer code in synchronization with the clock signal when both of the up signal and the down signal are inactive.

Abstract: A precision pulse detection system for time-of-flight sensors detects a zero axis crossing of a pulse after it crosses above and then falls below a threshold. Transmit and receive pulses flow through a common expanded-time receiver path to precision transmit and receive pulse detectors in a differential configuration. The detectors trigger on zero axis crossings that occur immediately after pulse lobes exceed and then drop below a threshold. Range errors caused by receiver variations cancel since transmit and receive pulses are affected equally. The system exhibits range measurement accuracies on the order of 1-picosecond without calibration even when used with transmitted pulse widths on the order of 500 picoseconds. The system can provide sub-millimeter accurate TDR, laser and radar sensors for measuring tank fill levels or for precision radiolocation systems including digital handwriting capture.

Abstract: An electronic scanning radar apparatus has a cutting portion for cutting receiving data which is comprised of N numbers of data for each channel into two more short time data having M (<N) numbers of data in a time direction for each channel, an inverse matrix estimator for computing and estimating an inverse matrix of the time series correlation matrix from the short time data, and a phase information producing portion for computing CAPON phase information out of the estimated inverse matrix of the time series correlation matrix in order to detect a distance, an azimuth and a relative speed of a target on the basis o a computed CAPON phase information.

Abstract: A method of detecting a direction of a target object based on received signals from a receiver element section which receives reflected waves comprising probe waves reflected from said target object, wherein said receiver section comprises an array of four receiver elements with at least three of said receiver elements located at respective apexes of a square, said square having a side length that is equal to or greater than half of a wavelength of said probe waves, includes selecting a specific one of said candidate directions based upon respective phase differences of a plurality of pairs of said receiver elements, with said plurality of pairs comprising at least one pair that differs from each of said pairs of receiver elements utilized in deriving said plurality of candidate directions, and deriving said azimuth angle and said altitude angle of said target object.

Abstract: A speech recognition unit (2) performs speech recognition on a speech of an utterer input by a speech input unit (1), specifies possible words which are represented by the speech, and the scores thereof, and a natural language analyzer (3) specifies parts of speech of the words and supplies word data representing the words to an agent processing unit (7). The agent processing unit (7) stores process item data which defines a data acquisition process to acquire word data or the like, a discrimination process, and an input/output process, and wires or data defining transition from one process to another and giving a weighting factor to the transition, and executes a flow represented generally by the process item data and the wires to thereby control devices belonging to an input/output target device group (6) in such a way as to adequately grasp a demand of the utterer and meet the demand.

Abstract: In a system for remotely locating a mobile object and in particular of a vehicle on the basis of a remote control system comprising a control device associated with the mobile object, an identification device on the user side, for example with an associated transceiver or with separate transmitter and receiver devices, a transceiver or separate transmitter and receiver devices associated with the mobile object, and at least one antenna arrangement associated with the mobile object for bidirectional wireless communication with the identification device, the reception and/or transmission characteristics of the antenna arrangement can be set such that a monitored zone results around this mobile object which, observed in the horizontal plane, extends over a fan angle of at least substantially 360°. Means for the detection of the respective spacing between the identification device and the mobile object and/or for the detection of a change in this spacing are provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides systems and methods for reducing the ‘cold start’ TTFF of navigation receivers. The systems and methods receive geographical information from a user, such as the nearest city, state or country, and use this geographical information to approximate the position of the receiver. The systems and methods then make use of the approximate position to reduce the ‘cold start’ TTFF. In an embodiment, the approximate position of the receiver is determined from a co-ordinate database in the receiver based on the geographical information provided by the user. In another embodiment, a user provides geographical information to the receiver through a displayed map with several stages of zooming capability.

Abstract: A beamforming apparatus obtains the beamforming parameters that realize arbitrary desirable PSF by using optimization theories. The apparatus uses at least one of the beamforming parameters such as the intensities, frequencies, bandwidths and shapes of the signals transmitted by the transmitting unit, the filtering of noises, amplifications (gains) and shapes of the signals received by the receiving unit, delays of the directions of propagation and array used by the delay units, apodization functions of the directions of propagation and array used by the apodization units, the number of the additions of the signals by the addition unit, array element parameters such as element size or shape and how to implement the elements in transducers (e.g., connections by leads between the elements and with the surroundings), which are determined by the specified optimization process to realize the desirable PSF.

Abstract: A GPS positioning system having a remote node and a network-aided GPS node locator. The remote node samples a GPS signal and transmits the GPS signal samples through a communication network having an intermediate node. The GPS node locator receives the GPS signal samples through the communication network, geolocates the intermediate node from a node ID, and uses the GNSS signal samples with the intermediate node geographical location for determining the geographical location of the remote node.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for local positioning of a set of at least one element (25, 26, 27) in a building (28) including at least one more or less congested room, which includes a network of at least three stationary sources (30, 31, 32), transmitting signals at frequencies above 500 MHz, a network of receivers (35), with at least three receivers being arranged in a known manner on each element, and at least one component for processing signals (36) transmitted by the sources and signals received by the receivers arranged on each element, in order to determine the position of each element.

Abstract: Techniques for accurate position location and tracking suitable for a wide range of facilities in variable environments are disclosed. In one aspect, a system for position location comprises a plurality of sensors (e.g. a network monitor, an environment sensor) for generating measurements of a plurality of sources, a plurality of objects or tags, each object generating measurements of the plurality of sources, and a processor for receiving the measurements and generating a position location for one or more objects in accordance with the received measurements. In another aspect, a position engine comprises a mapped space of a physical environment, and a processor for updating the mapped space in response to received measurements. The position engine may receive second measurements from an object within the physical environment, and generate a position location estimate for the object from the received second measurements and the mapped space.

Abstract: A wideband dielectric resonator monopole antenna, which includes a dielectric resonator and a monopole antenna, combines two frequency bands having close resonant frequencies to achieve 49% of bandwidth and omnidirectional radiation patterns within the frequency band. It includes a column structure and a substrate, wherein the surface of the column structure is coated with a conductive layer, the column structure is kept upright to the substrate, and the substrate is coated or printed with two slot lines extended inward from an edge of the substrate.

Abstract: A reflect array antenna including a plurality of unit cells. Each cell includes first, second, third and fourth patch antenna segments. An amplifier is coupled between said first patch segment and the second patch segment or the third patch segment and the fourth patch segment. At least one of the patch antenna segments of a first unit cell is electrically connected to a patch antenna segment of a second unit cell. The first patch antenna segment of a first unit cell is electrically connected to a third patch segment of a second unit cell. Each patch segment of each unit cell is electrically connected to a patch segment of a neighboring cell. The first and third patche segments are the input terminals of each cell and the second and fourth patch segments of each cell are the output terminals. The output terminals of each cell are coupled to the output terminals of neighboring cells. This provides an output patch antenna, of greater area, fed by multiple cells.

Abstract: Techniques, apparatus and systems that use one or more composite left and right handed (CRLH) metamaterial structures in processing and handling electromagnetic wave signals. Antennas and antenna arrays based on enhanced CRLH metamaterial structures are configured to provide broadband resonances for various multi-band wireless communications.

Abstract: A column antenna apparatus and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed. This invention forms a metal layer with at least two spiral structures on a column body. The column antenna apparatus can simplify the manufacturing process and enhance the yield rate. The column antenna apparatus includes a column body, a metal layer and at least two spiral structures. The metal layer is formed on the surface of the column body, and the at least two spiral structures are formed on the metal layer for increasing bandwidth of low frequency. Each spiral structure is formed by removing a part of the metal layer, and the column body is exposed via the at least two spiral structures.

Abstract: A wireless antenna module including a plurality of antennas that can be easily installed in an appliance, and a display device and a display system having the same. The wireless antenna module includes a plurality of antennas that transmit and/or receive radio frequency (RF) signals, and an antenna holder for fixing the antennas to an appliance. The antenna holder includes a plurality of antenna couplers, each antenna coupler coupled with a respective antenna.

Abstract: An wireless communication device with an antenna (400) for sending and receiving signals in a plurality of frequency bands generates a plurality of resonances in the plurality of frequency bands and includes a first radiating element (402) that generates a first resonance in a first frequency band, a second radiating element (404), coupled to and extending at an angle from the first radiating element (402), that generates a second resonance in the first frequency band, and a third radiating element (406), coupled to and extended at an angle from the first radiating element (402). A capacitive coupling between the second radiating element (404) and the third radiating element (406) generates a loop with a third resonance in the first frequency band, and the third radiating element (406) generates a fourth resonance in a second frequency band independent of the loop at the second frequency band.

Abstract: A plurality of antenna end-fire antenna feed elements at a corresponding plurality of locations and oriented in a corresponding plurality of directions on a third dielectric substrate cooperate with a discrete lens array comprising a plurality of electromagnetic lens elements, each of which comprises first and second broadside antenna elements adjacent to respective first and second dielectric substrates and a conductive layer therebetween, wherein the conductive layer is adapted with at least one coupling slot in cooperation with associated first and second broadside antenna elements so as to provide for a delay element operative between the first and second broadside antenna elements, wherein the coupling slots are adapted so that a delay period of at least one of the electromagnetic lens elements is different from a delay period of at least another of the electromagnetic lens elements so as to provide for a nominal focal surface of the dielectric lens.

Abstract: An antenna array is provided having a waveguide cavity. The waveguide cavity has a plurality of holes formed on the top surface thereof. Radiating elements are provided on the top surface, each about one of the holes. A radiation source coupled planar wave radiation through an opening in one of the sides of the waveguide cavity.

Abstract: Antenna arrangements that include two or more antennas in an enclosure are provided. Each of these antennas can be tuned to a separate frequency band and/or can support a different wireless communication technology. The downtilt of the antennas can be electrically and/or mechanically controlled, and various feeder arrangements can be employed.

Abstract: An antenna array unit is provided by the present invention. The antenna array unit includes: a ground, a feeder cable, a first signal feeding member, a plurality of second signal feeding members, a plurality of third signal feeding members, a plurality of first rectangular radiating members and a plurality of second rectangular radiating members. The first rectangular radiating members have first and second non-radiating sides, two radiating sides able to generate a coupling effect with a radiating side adjacent thereto. The second rectangular radiating members have first and second non-radiating sides, two radiating sides and able to generate a coupling effect with a radiating side adjacent thereto. The present invention is characterized in that at least one current disturbing member is formed at each non-radiating second side of the plurality of the first and the second rectangular radiating members and adjacent to the nearest radiating side generating the coupling effect.

Abstract: One ground conductor and the other ground conductor have a sliding structure, and the other ground conductor is provided with a radiating element. These one ground conductor and other ground conductor are provided with one connecting terminal and the other connecting terminal, respectively, which get into an electrically connected state each other in drawing-out. Further, it is arranged that a load be connected in series between the other connecting terminal and the other ground conductor, and one ground conductor and the other ground conductor are electrically connected to each other through the load in drawing-out.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a casing, a circuit board, and an internal antenna unit. The circuit board is disposed in the casing. The internal antenna unit is disposed in the casing, and includes a feeding element that overlaps with the circuit board, and first and second radiating elements, each of which extends from the feeding element toward a wall of the casing beyond an edge of the circuit board. A feeding point is provided on the feeding element, and is coupled to the edge of the circuit board. A grounding point is provided on the feeding element, and is coupled to the edge of the circuit board.

Abstract: In a variable directivity antenna, an antenna element includes a pole-like or rotator-like radiator. A coaxial line supplies power to the antenna element. A directivity switching unit is provided in a junction between the antenna element and the coaxial line to change a directivity of the variable directivity antenna. At least one of an inside diameter of an outer conductor of the coaxial line in contact with the junction and a diameter of an inner conductor of the coaxial line in contact with the junction is provided to change a gain of the variable directivity antenna.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention comprise an antenna mounting apparatus and installation methods for a non-invasive antenna mounting system.

Abstract: An antenna formed on a dielectric substrate having first and second opposing surfaces, a first meander antenna element disposed on the first surface of the substrate and a second meander antenna element disposed on the second surface of the substrate.

Abstract: Heads-up display systems for vehicles which generate a virtual display in a field of view of an occupant of the vehicle when facing outward of the vehicle. A control system is coupled to the heads-up display system and detects an action by the occupant, e.g., touching of a touch pad, and controls the content of the virtual display being generated by the heads-up display system based on the detected action. The touch pad may be a SAW-based touch pad whereby touching causes a particular returned signal from the SAW substrate, with this particular returned signal being processable into an activation of the manner in which the touch pad was touched.

Abstract: A helmet position measuring system for use in a predefined environment. The system includes a helmet-mounted illumination system for directing electromagnetic radiation of one or more wavelength from the helmet in one or more range of angles, a set of three or more passive reflectors deployed at fixed positions in the predefined environment to reflect electromagnetic radiation from the illumination system, a helmet-mounted imaging system sensitive to the one or more wavelength for deriving images of part of the predefined environment including electromagnetic radiation reflected from the reflectors, and a processing system associated with the imaging system for processing the images to identify regions of the images corresponding to the reflectors and hence to determine information relating to a position of the helmet within the predefined environment.

Abstract: In an information display apparatus such as a head-up display, while safety is being secured, visibility from a user is improved. Image data having an object such as an arrow showing an advancing direction or a road sign drawn on it are generated as information to be given to the user by a display information generating section 12 and is output to a projector 13. When a light beam R1 corresponding to the image data is emitted from the projector 13 to a combiner 14, reflected light of the light beam R1 and transmitted light of external light R2 are combined in the combiner 14, so as to be viewed by the user.

Abstract: The present invention provides a display device capable of automatically adjusting display orientation and the display segment arrangement thereof. The display device is provided for an electronic product. The display device includes: a segment display device, a position detection device and a decoding circuit. The segment display device has plural display segments arranged on the electronic device. The position detection device is arranged on the electronic product for generating a first status signal or a second status signal based on the electronic product being positioned horizontally or vertically. The decoding circuit connects to the segment display device and the position detection device for receiving a numerical signal and displaying the numerical signal on the segment display device based on the first status signal or second status signal.

Abstract: In a display device of built-in driver circuit type including a non-rectangular image display area, the frame area surrounding the display area is reduced and the wiring delay is reduced. The image display device includes a plurality of pixels arranged in an orthogonal matrix form, a plurality of scanning wiring lines connected to the plural pixels, a plurality of signal wiring lines connected to the plural pixels, the signal wiring lines being disposed to construct an orthogonal matrix form with the plural scanning wiring lines; signal wiring internal circuits for driving the plural signal wiring lines, and an image display area including a plurality of pixels, the image display area having a non-rectangular outer contour. The signal wiring internal circuits are separated from each other in an extending direction of the signal wiring lines in a unit of length of the pixel.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a digital-to-analog converter and a video display device. The digital-to-analog converter includes a converting section. The converting section has a code converting section, a reference voltage generating section, a plurality of transistors, and a plurality of gate electrodes. The video display device includes: a pixel section; a plurality of signal lines; one resistor string; and a plurality of converting sections.

Abstract: A display screen includes an array of cuplets containing a wavelength converting material. The cuplets may be configured to receive light at a first wavelength and responsively emit light at a second wavelength preferentially in a direction.

Abstract: In the initializing period of each of sub-fields comprising one field, one of all-cell initializing operation and selective initializing operation is performed. The all-cell initializing operation causes initializing discharge in all the discharge cells for displaying an image. The selective initializing operation selectively causes initializing discharge only in the discharge cells subjected to sustaining discharge in the preceding sub-field. Provided in the all-cell initializing period is an abnormal charge erasing part in which application of a rectangular waveform voltage to the scan electrodes causes self-erasing discharge in the discharge cells having excessive wall voltage accumulated therein.

Abstract: A plasma display panel (PDP) capable of providing excellent luminous efficiency and generating a stable address discharge is provided. The plasma display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a barrier rib, sustain electrode pairs, a first dielectric layer, address electrodes, phosphor layers, and a discharge gas. The second substrate faces the first substrate. The barrier rib is arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate and defines a plurality of discharge cells, sustain electrode pairs arranged on the first substrate, each of the sustain electrode pairs comprising a common electrode and a scan electrode. The first dielectric layer covers the sustain electrode pairs and comprises, in each discharge cell, at least one first groove formed in a portion of the first dielectric layer corresponding to the common electrode and at least one second groove formed in a portion of the first dielectric layer corresponding to the scan electrode.

Abstract: A plasma display apparatus is disclosed. The plasma display apparatus includes a plasma display panel including a scan electrode and a sustain electrode, an integrated driver supplying a driving signal to the scan electrode and the sustain electrode, a frame positioned between the plasma display panel and the integrated driver, and a conductive film element. The conductive film element is positioned between the plasma display panel and the frame, and electrically connects the integrated driver to the sustain electrode.

Abstract: A plasma display device that enables a stable address operation even in a high-speed drive so as to display an image of high definition and high quality. A PDP having discharge cells each provided with a scanning electrode and a sustaining electrode is driven by a method for displaying a frame of an image by repeating an address period, a discharge sustaining period, and a discharge suspend period. At least one initialization period that succeeds a discharge suspend period and in which the state of the wall charge in each discharge cell is initialized is provided. In the discharge suspend period, a voltage is applied between the scanning electrode and the sustaining electrode so that a wall voltage may be generated at which the polarity at the scanning electrode with respect to the sustaining electrode is the same as that of the initializing pulse applied to the scanning electrode in the initialization period.