Abstract: A cool roof covering for forming the outermost layer of a bituminous roof coating is provided, this cool roof covering comprising multiple heat-reflecting cap-sheets arranged in an adjacent, overlapping edge fashion and a heat-reflecting cap-sheet adhesive applied to overlapping portions of the cap-sheets for securing these cap-sheets to one another. The heat-reflecting cap-sheets exhibit a solar reflectance of at least 60% and a thermal emittance of at least 65. The heat-reflecting cap-sheet adhesive comprises a storage-stable, VOC-compliant mixture containing at least 10 wt. % of one or more weather-resistant organic resins dissolved in an organic solvent, the adhesive having a viscosity of 15,000 cps or less at 77° F. (25° C.) and exhibiting a lap shear strength of at least about 17 lbf/in when applied to a substrate and dried.

Abstract: A moisture vapor permeable metalized composite sheet is formed by coating a moisture vapor permeable sheet with at least one metal layer and at least one outer organic coating layer. The moisture vapor permeability of the composite sheet is at least about 80% of the moisture vapor permeability of the starting sheet. The composite sheet provides a barrier to air and liquid water infiltration while having high moisture vapor permeability and good thermal barrier properties. The composite sheet material is suitable for use as a building construction wrap such as roof lining and house wrap.

Abstract: A tip-resistant sheet capable of preventing heavy and easily toppled structures such as tombstones and gravestones, memorial tablets, Buddhist images, furniture, refrigerators, pianos, heavy articles on four wheels, and furniture with thin legs from tipping over utilizes an elastic material that is characterized in that one or more types of spherical bodies, different from the elastic material, are embedded in the elastic material. The tip-resistant sheet is characterized in that the spherical bodies, different from the elastic material and having a diameter equal to or larger than the thickness of the elastic material, are used. The tip-resistant sheet can also utilize a composite material formed by laminating an elastic material onto a metal material and the spherical bodies, different from the elastic material and having a diameter equal to or larger than the thickness of the composite material, are placed against surface of the composite material.

Abstract: Floor panels are secured to a sub-floor by elongated elements, one of which is secured to the floor itself and has an inverted T-shape, the other of which elements defines downwardly open socket means for receiving an arrow shaped projection on the stem portion of that T-shaped support element. A precise fit is afforded between these elements 1 and 2 so that the floor panels are locked in place by engagement between the arrow shaped projection in the support element and the socket portion of the upper retaining element. An alternative version of the disclosure shows a more secure connection between these elements.

Abstract: A modular floor includes a plurality of interconnected, uniform and elongated floor sections. Each floor section includes a wear layer, an upper subfloor panel, a lower subfloor panel and a plurality of parallel spacers sandwiched between the upper and lower subfloor panels. The spacers extend horizontally outwardly from three sides of the sections, including both longitudinal sides and one transverse side, but are recessed on the remaining transverse side. The parallel spacers extend into the recesses of adjacently located floor sections, alongside the corresponding spacers of those floor sections, along the longitudinal sides. At the transverse sides, each section has a spacer that extends into an adjacently located section in the same row and also receives a spacer from an adjacently located section in the same row. The sections have hardware connections that are concealed from view, and connecting each subsequent section requires two fasteners.

Abstract: Joint clips of the invention are used in grids for suspended ceilings, at selected intersections, to create separate areas of ceiling that move independently of one another during an earthquake, to prevent a buildup of momentum in the entire ceiling. In one embodiment disclosed herein, the clips extend laterally of a selected main beam, and are formed of a pair of loosely connected identical segments that are slidably secured to a selected main beam by a cut-out in the segments. The clip extends laterally across a selected main beam and slidably receives the end of a cross beam in a pocket of the clip that extends laterally on each side of the selected main beam.

Abstract: The present specification describes shingles having first and second discrete portions. A fastening member, such as a rivet, secures the first and second portions to one another. The rivet resists separation of the portions over time after the shingles have been installed on a rooftop. The present specification also describes methods of producing shingles having at least one fastening member to secure first and second shingle portions to one another. In one method, apparatus is provided to puncture a continuous strip of shingles at regular intervals, and then insert a fastening member into the apertures created during the puncturing step. The puncturing and injecting apparatus described includes drums, which the shingle strip may pass over or under.

Abstract: A locking system for mechanical joining of floorboards includes horizontal joining of a first and a second joint edge portion of a first and a second floorboard respectively at a vertical joint plane; vertical joining of the first and second joint edge portions; wherein the tongue, the tongue groove, the locking element and the locking groove have a configuration that allows insertion of the locking element into the locking groove by inward angling of the second floorboard towards the first floorboard while maintaining contact between the joint edge portions, and wherein the tongue, the tongue grove, the locking element and the locking groove have a configuration that allows insertion of the locking element into the locking groove by a substantially vertical snap action.

Abstract: Floor covering, including hard floor panels which, at least at the edges of two opposite sides, are provided with coupling parts, cooperating which each other, substantially in the form of a tongue and a groove, wherein the coupling parts are provided with integrated mechanical locking elements which prevent the drifting apart of two coupled floor panels in a direction (R) perpendicular to the related edges and parallel to the underside of the coupled floor panels, and provide a snap-action coupling.

Abstract: Floor covering, including hard floor panels which, at least at the edges of two opposite sides, are provided with coupling parts, cooperating which each other, substantially in the form of a tongue and a groove, wherein the coupling parts are provided with integrated mechanical locking elements which prevent the drifting apart of two coupled floor panels in a direction (R) perpendicular to the related edges and parallel to the underside of the coupled floor panels, and provide a snap-action coupling.

Abstract: Floor covering, including hard floor panels which, at least at the edges of two opposite sides, are provided with coupling parts, cooperating which each other, substantially in the form of a tongue and a groove, wherein the coupling parts are provided with integrated mechanical locking elements which prevent the drifting apart of two coupled floor panels in a direction (R) perpendicular to the related edges and parallel to the underside of the coupled floor panels, and provide a snap-action coupling.

Abstract: A light weight brick includes foaming elements centrally located in and surrounded by cement, decorative slates securely attached to an outer periphery of the cement and at least one through hole defined through the cement.

Abstract: The invention is to make a mold that will make a square 12×8×12 block that when split makes a full 6×8×12 and a half block that will be used in a construction system based on the combined use of split-face mortar less blocks designed to lock together. There are two basic blocks, the full, and half block, with which any desirable structure can be built. The full block has protruding ears and grooves. The half block also has protruding ears and grooves. There are standard measurements between groove face in all blocks and standard measurements between ears in the full block which correspond to the measurement of the groove faces. This provides for a wide array of interlocking positions.

Abstract: A corner joint between two frame lineals of a pultruded window frame is defined by inserting a leg of a corner member into a hollow interior of each lineal and attaching the legs to the lineals by adhesive. Each leg has a plurality of surfaces thereof each having a first portion at the corner which lies closely adjacent a corresponding surface of the first lineal and a second portion, at the end of the first portion remote from the corner which tapers inwardly away from the corresponding surface of the first lineal such that a spacing therebetween increases in the direction away from the corner. The adhesive is applied to the tapered portion and the taper acts to force the adhesive along the leg to the first portion and to the ends of the lineals where the excess can be wiped away.

Abstract: A clip and method for protecting and properly installing fenestrations during installation of building masonry and insuring a minimum clearance between the masonry and the fenestration frame. The clip is fitted to each side of the frame and temporarily secured by insertion of a retention rib into a slot formed into the outside of each side of the frame. An outer locator flange projects a distance equal to the desired minimum clearance. The clips may also be used to secure a protective film wrapped over the outer side of the fenestration.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a construction and coating composition that effectively utilizes vermiculite as a natural resource and is able to satisfy requirements for humidity control and/or deodorizing as well as an attractive appearance, while also offering superior balance between the amount and rates of moisture absorption and release, in particular. This object is achieved by a composition in which non-expanded vermiculite is blended into a base material so that the blended amount is 5-70 wt % of the total composition (solid portion). In addition, the above construction material can be converted into soil by crushing when it has become a waste construction material.

Abstract: A non-metal window muntin formed from plastic or wood is described for use in hermetically sealed insulated glass windows. The process for forming the muntin includes machining polystyrene sheets which are painted with a latex pain and baked prior to use between sealed glass of the window.

Abstract: The present invention is a new and novel modular raised wall paneling system and method of manufacture that is economical, labor non-intensive, and can be easily constructed for a variety of room configurations and dimensions. The modular raised wall paneling system of the present invention comprises a plurality of individual panel sections having a joint there between, wherein a panel section includes a recess portion forming the appearance of a raised panel thereon. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the panel sections include along opposed longitudinal edges a tongue and a groove such that the panel sections can be disposed in parallel side-by-side mating relationship such that the tongue of one panel section is received in the groove of an adjacent panel section.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved lightweight panel, novel uses thereof, as well as to an improved method for manufacturing the same.

Abstract: A system for applying a stamp to packs includes a carton opening system, a pack stamping system, and a carton sealing system, including at least one strip dispenser to selectively unwind at least one roll of tacky polymer strips, a strip separator to remove the tacky polymer strips from a backing roll and place the removed tacky polymer strips on the carton, and a flap closer. A method of applying at least one stamp to at least one pack within a carton includes opening at least one carton, stamping at least one stamp onto at least one pack within the carton, and applying at least one tacky polymer strip to a lower flap of the carton. The method further includes folding an upper flap of the carton to adhere to the applied tacky polymer strip.

Abstract: A gas release container comprises a container body having a bottom wall and a side wall extending upwardly from the bottom wall and terminating at an upper edge, a removable closure affixed to the upper edge in a substantially gas-tight manner, and a gas release valve in a wall of the container body and operable to release gas from the container when the pressure differential between the interior and the exterior of the container is sufficient to open the valve. The removable closure can include a flexible gas-barrier membrane sealed to the upper edge of the container body. A lower surface of the membrane and the upper edge of the side wall comprise heat-sealable polymer materials, and the membrane is heat-sealed to the upper edge, preferably by induction sealing. The closure can include an overcap.

Abstract: A distributing device and a method for distributing objects from a supplying device. Said distributing device being configured to deliver the objects during a delivery clock pulse in groups of m objects, to a first receiving device and to a second receiving device, said receiving devices jointly receiving the group of m objects during a reception clock pulse, and the m objects of a group being variably divided, between different reception clock pulses, into a first number m1 of objects delivered to the first receiving device and a second number m2 of objects delivered to the second receiving device.

Abstract: A harness (1), such as a horseriding bridle or snaffle bridle, intended to be fixed to the head of an animal of the family Equidae, includes a crownpiece (2) for passing over the top of the head, behind the ears of the animal, extended on respective opposite sides by a first cheekpiece (3) and a second cheekpiece (3?) provided with a fixing element (4) for a leverage effect bit (5). The bridle (1) includes an elastic return element (6) adapted to stretch to allow displacement of the fixing element (4) of the leverage effect bit (5) if a traction force is applied to the fixing element (4), in order to absorb the pressure exerted by the crownpiece (2) on the nape of the animal, and to revert to their initial position if no force is applied to the fixing element (4).

Abstract: This invention relates in general to a guard(s)/cap(s) and/or screen(s) apparatus (single and/or multiple formation) for the nacelle/air inlet for numerous jets, turbojet, turboprop and turboshaft engines—(Helicopters and other VTOL/VSTOL aircraft) such as power plants or the like. This apparatus contains the rotational system(s) as well as the engine shaft attached apparatus and/or pole that allows the mechanism to function by auto induced movement, without limiting engine th'rust. Additional security measures have been introduced to the guard(s)/cap(s) and/or screen(s) apparatus, which includes a centrifuge chamber/manifold for particle collector without limiting engine thrust.

Abstract: This invention relates in general to a guard(s)/cap(s) and/or screen(s) apparatus (single and/or multiple formation) for the nacelle/air inlet for numerous jets, turbojet, turboprop and turboshaft engines—(Helicopters and other VTOL/VSTOL aircraft) such as power plants or the like. This apparatus contains the rotational system(s) as well as the engine shaft attached apparatus and/or pole that allows the mechanism to function by auto induced movement, without limiting engine thrust. Additional security measures have been introduced to the guard(s)/cap(s) and/or screen(s) apparatus, which includes a centrifuge chamber/manifold for particle collector without limiting engine thrust.

Abstract: A filter element is includes a cylindrical media pack defining a central open volume and a longitudinal axis; a first end cap having a central aperture in flow communication with the central open volume; and a second, closed end cap having a central region closing an end of the media pack central, open volume. The closed end cap includes a projection extending axially outwardly therefrom and positioned at a location intersected by the longitudinal axis. An end cover for an air cleaner includes an inner side including a central projection thereon. Preferably, the central projection comprises a wall that includes an outer perimeter defining a regular polyhedron having at least five sides. An air cleaner comprises a cylindrical filter element having a first open end cap, a second closed end cap, and a cylindrical media pack extending therebetween. The first end cap defines an internal radial seal region. The second, closed end cap has a central region including a circular recessed portion.

Abstract: A filter (8) for venting an enclosure (1) containing an electrical apparatus (4), such as a lens or lighting unit of a motor vehicle, and exposed to moisture or atmospheric agents, includes a tubular body (20) with a through cavity or conduit (11) opening at opposite ends (9, 10) of the body (20), which is coupled to a venting aperture (6) of the enclosure (1), the filter (8) including a hydrophobic filtering element; the body (20) of this filter (8) has at least two portions (20A, 20B) set at an angle to each other, the membrane filtering element (15) being in the interior of the body (20) and associated therewith so as to form one piece therewith, and being coupled to the body (20) in a manner transverse to an axis of at least one of the portions. The membrane is located within the mould before injection molding.

Abstract: One aspect of invention is a filter media for use in a filter having an upstream surface relative to normal airflow through the filter media and an opposite downstream surface. The filter media includes a substrate material selected from the group consisting of nonwoven porous synthetic material, cellulose, and combinations thereof. The substrate is adapted to be positioned in the filter media as the upstream surface. A layer of meltspun fine fibers engaged to the substrate. At least about 85% of the fine fibers have diameters less than 1000 nanometers in diameter. The layer of meltspun fine fibers is adapted to be positioned in the filter media as the downstream surface.

Abstract: A filter element, and filter apparatus, include a filter pack, a seal member, and a seal support frame operatively connecting the seal member to the filter pack. The seal support frame includes an annular extension, which is preferably canted at an oblique angle to a longitudinal axis, for supporting the seal member. The seal support frame also preferably includes a first end thereof including the annular extension, and a second end thereof spaced from the first end thereof along the longitudinal axis, with the first and second ends of the seal support frame joined by a hub of the outer peripheral sidewall of the seal support frame to define a cavity within the seal support frame for receiving the filter pack. The first and second ends of the seal support frame, and the filter pack are preferably joined and sealed to one another by a single bead of adhesive.

Abstract: The present invention is directed towards methods and apparatus for handling powder in a 3D printer. The invention includes a means of transporting powder from multiple sources to a powder dispensing apparatus with minimal user intervention, thus reducing contamination of the 3D printer and surrounding area with loose powder, while also providing a means of improving the recycling of powder for re-use.

Abstract: A mechanism for offsetting cutting units for a grass mowing machine includes lift arms that pivot between a first lowered position in which the cutting units are offset to the left of the traction vehicle, a second lowered position in which the cutting units are offset to the right of the traction vehicle, and a raised position intermediate the first and second lowered positions. Each lift arm has a first pivot axis and a second pivot axis parallel to the first pivot axis.

Abstract: A debris deflector having a proximal end, a distal end, and opposed sides. The debris deflector uses a flexible connecting means for attaching the proximal end to a combine and a rigid connecting means for attaching the distal end to a header of the combine. The flexible connecting means comprises a spring means at each opposed side of the debris deflector adjacent the proximal end having hooks or other means for fastening or connecting to the combine and a rigid member releasably retained by a sleeve at the proximal end of the debris deflector. The rigid connecting means comprises a magnet at each opposed side of the debris deflector adjacent the distal end for magnetically connecting to the header of the combine and a nut and bolt fastener or other means for fastening or connecting the magnet to another rigid member releasably retained by a sleeve at the distal end of the debris deflector.

Abstract: This invention is for an apparatus and method to remove wood debris after wood and shrubbery clearing has occurred. More specifically, this apparatus uses commercially available grinding rotors as a means to pick up and remove debris remaining after commercial tree and brush clearing efforts by using attachments such as flail hammers attached to a rotatable cylinder which are rotating in a direction opposite to the direction of travel. This action removes the debris and forces it into a basket. The basket may be dumped into a holding area or into a transport truck.

Abstract: A harvesting and topping system includes a substantially horizontal cutting table for receiving a cultivated vegetable, the cutting table being pervious to air, a cutting assembly configured to cut vegetable tops of the cultivated vegetable when on the cutting table, at least one fan configured to blow air under positive pressure upwardly through the cutting table, and a ductwork configured to provide an airway from the fan to beneath the cutting table. According to one embodiment, the ductwork includes at least one airflow divider disposed in an interior portion of the ductwork to maximize uniformity of an air pressure within the ductwork and to distribute airflow within the ductwork.

Abstract: A machine for managing shoots of vines arranged on a trellis, the machine comprising: a frame that has two spaced apart uprights, the frame being arranged to straddle the trellis, each upright supporting a brush that is rotatable to contact shoots extending from the vines; and a drive mechanism for imparting rotational motion to each brush, such that, in use, the brushes rotate on opposing sides of the trellis to contact and remove shoots from the vine as the machine is advanced along the trellis.

Abstract: A rotovibrating device applicable to the knocking down rod headers of harvesting machines, rendering a much better yield to that of other harvesting machines that use the rotovibrating devices known today, being harvesting machines comprising: a frame holding the rotating headers or rollers (2), each one having a vertical axle with which a plurality of rods (3) are radially in contact; said rods being capable of being in physical contact with the branches of the plant to be harvested; comprising at least three eccentric weights (9) capable of turning on independent axles (8), and being laid on equidistant vertexes (7) of the unit that supports the weights (6); and said eccentric weights (9) are in connection with respective crowns (Ci), which receive the movement from their pertinent pinions (Pi) located on the axle (11) of the turning header or roller and the weight (9) support unit (6); having a brake system that is capable of braking the support unit (6) and the header (2) and thus attaining the rotation o

Abstract: A fruit picker apparatus with a motor operated cutter which can be mounted on a pole consists of a basket unit and a cutter assembly; the cutter assembly having a knife which is mounted on a motor which connects with a wire/conductor loop which includes a switch which can be closed by the stem of a fruit to be picked; the basket unit having a basket which can hold and protect fruits; the basket unit having a compartment which can house the motor of the cutter assembly; the basket unit having a mean to be clamped on a pole or a rod; the basket unit having a compartment which can house at least a battery and a portion of the wire/conductor loop of the cutter assembly.

Abstract: An ergonomically designed gardening tool such as a rake has an elongated handle slidably and removably mounted to the tool head. A spike or an auxiliary gardening implement is mounted at the lower end of the handle such that the spike may be operated to secure the rake at an upright free standing position on a lawn or solid ground surface. The handle is secured to tool head with a latch mechanism which is operative to secure or release the handle from the rake head selectively. The removed handle with the auxiliary implement mounted thereon may also be used for various gardening tasks.

Abstract: A cable handler link (10) includes a body portion (12) having a first wall and two opposed side arms integral with and extending generally perpendicular to the first wall defining a first channel for receiving one or more service lines. The side arms define free ends, arc capable of being deflected and each defines a first engaging formation in the form of a rebate (60). A closure means (14) includes an end wall (14) from which extend two relatively shorter side arms (16, 17) defining complementary engaging formations including a tenon (62) for interlocking the closure means to the side arms of the body portion (12). The side arms deflect towards each other to disengage the closure means from the body portion (12). The rebate (60) and tenon (62) are preferably slightly inwardly tapered and prevent relative transverse movement of the components, which is also the direction in which the link is towed, in use.

Abstract: A work extraction arrangement (10) comprises a cooling assembly (12) for cooling a gas to provide a working fluid capable of doing work. The arrangement (10) further includes storage means (14) for storing the working fluid and a turbine assembly (18) for extracting work from the working fluid. A fluid delivery assembly (16) is also provided to deliver the working fluid to the turbine assembly (18).

Abstract: The invention relates to a turbine engine (1) with a semi-fixed turbine, particularly for aircraft driving a receiver (2) controlled so as to preserve a roughly constant rotation speed. The turbine engine, in particular via a gear system (20), drives the receiver and an LP compressor (6) with an LP turbine (14). According to the invention, the gear system has a torque control system (26) maintaining a constant ratio between the drive torque of the receiver transmitted by the gear system and the drive torque of the LP compressor transmitted by this same gear system.

Abstract: A flow reverser comprising a sleeve having a first part and a second part to define a flow path and axially separable from each other about a conjunction formed by a respective profile edges for the first part and the second part, the profile edges in a stowed position overlapping, the reverser characterised in that in a deployed position a nozzle part of each profile edge define together a nozzle jet and a reverser part of one edge profile is adjacent to a core to provide an effective flow deflector.

Abstract: An exhaust nozzle for use in a gas turbine engine comprises a flow body for receiving exhaust gas from the turbine engine and includes a leading edge and a trailing edge. The leading edge connects with the gas turbine engine such that the flow body surrounds a centerline of the engine. The trailing edge comprises a serrated portion and a non-serrated portion. The serrated portion is formed from a plurality of tabs for mixing exhaust gas exiting the flow body with gases passing by an exterior of the flow body. The non-serrated portion is positioned along a lower portion of the trailing edge with respect to the engine centerline.

Abstract: An annular exhaust duct of a gas turbine engine includes inner and outer cases co-axially disposed, and radially spaced apart by a plurality of airfoils radially extending therebetween. The outer case includes a connection apparatus for supportably connecting the exhaust duct to the gas turbine engine and the inner case includes an axial end portion at a rear end thereof for connection with a tail cone. The axial end portion bends radially and inwardly at a rear extremity thereof to stiffen the rear end of the inner ease.

Abstract: A pressure vessel bypass valve forms a bypass system for enabling a part of the air compressed by a compressor to directly flow into a combustor while preventing the part of the air from flowing through a humidification tower and a recuperator. A turbine bypass valve forms another bypass system for enabling a part of a humidified air to be discharged to an exhaust duct after a heat exchange between the humidified air and a turbine exhaust gas is performed in the recuperator while preventing the part of the humidified air from flowing through a turbine. A turbine control system controls the bypass valves to be opened and closed in accordance with increase and decrease of the load.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for removing and recovering CO2 from exhaust gas from a gas turbine based electric power and heat generation process (a main power process) by chemical absorption and desorption for deposition of CO2 as convenient at the location. The exhaust gas from said main power process is cooled before being fed to a secondary gas turbine based power and heat generation process (a secondary power process) where said exhaust gas is compressed to elevated pressure and used as oxidant in a secondary gas turbine combustion chamber in said secondary power process. The resulting hot exhaust gas from said secondary process is further fed to a turbine connected to an electric power generator where the exhaust gas is depressurised to close to ambient pressure before entering a heat recovery process where the exhaust gas is cooled and further fed to a CO2 separation process for capturing of CO2.

Abstract: When the temperature of exhaust gas control means (3), which is provided in an exhaust passage (2) of an internal combustion engine (1) and which has oxidation function, is increased to a target temperature in order to recover an exhaust gas control ability of the exhaust gas control means (3), the method of increasing the temperature of the exhaust gas control means (3) is switched between a method in which the temperature of the exhaust gas control means (3) is increased by controlling an amount of fuel supplied to the exhaust gas control means (3) and a method in which the fuel supply to the exhaust gas control means (3) is prohibited and the temperature of the exhaust gas control means (3) is increased by controlling an amount of air taken in the internal combustion engine (1), based on an operation state of the internal combustion engine (1).

Abstract: An engine, an exhaust system, and a method for reducing NOx in an exhaust stream are provided. The system comprises a first SCR catalyst, a second SCR catalyst, and a particulate filter positioned between the first and second SCR catalyst. The engine comprises an intake air system, at least one combustion chamber, and an exhaust system comprising a first SCR catalyst positioned upstream of a particulate filter and a second SCR catalyst positioned downstream of the particulate filter. The method comprises the steps of passing the exhaust through a low-temperature SCR catalyst, passing the exhaust through a particulate filter, and passing the exhaust through a high-temperature SCR catalyst.

Abstract: A vehicle on-board computer method for controlling a diesel engine intake air throttle valve during LNT regeneration. The method comprises setting a software limit on the throttle valve position. The limit is a dynamic value affected by the engine operating state. A variable relating to the exhaust oxygen concentration is controlled to approach a setpoint by adjusting the intake air throttle valve position subject to the limit. In one embodiment, the valve position limit is based in part on an exhaust oxygen content measured while the throttle valve is fully open. In another embodiment, the valve position limit is adjusted based on the setpoint, whereby greater throttling is allowed when exhaust oxygen content is targeted to a higher value. In a further embodiment, the setpoint is adjusted based on the engine load. The method allows extensive intake air throttling without causing instability in the engine.

Abstract: A regeneration control system for a particulate filter (PF) includes a condition module and an oxygen-level module. The condition module determines whether an oxygen limiting event is required for the PF during a regeneration event. The oxygen-level control module communicates with the condition module and selectively limits an oxygen level in the PF during the regeneration event.