Abstract: An intelligent sensor module with an electrical sensor element and a printed circuit board comprises a bipartite guiding device through which electrical connecting wires are guided to the printed circuit board in an insulated fashion at a certain spacing from one another. The guiding device is configured in such a way that it can be used directly as a production tool during mounting of the sensor element. The intelligent sensor module can be produced cost effectively with high quality through the use of the guiding device.

Abstract: A hand-held remote control unit for controlling the operation of a television and other electronic audio/video components, such as a VCR, DVD player, or home stereo, operates in a different mode for use as a video game controller. The location and position of the push buttons on the remote controller unit are arranged such that a subset of the buttons that are used for the television remote control are operable in a different mode as a video game controller. A user rotates the remote control unit from a vertically upright position to a horizontal position to use the remote control unit for operating a video gaming system. When used as a video game controller, the controller indicates which of the subset of buttons on the remote control are to be used for operating the video game.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for implementing a universal remote controller and method thereof, by which a multitude of electronic products can be controlled by one remote controller. In a system including an electronic product module storing each remote controller control information of at least one or more products to output the stored remote controller control information according to an external request signal and a remote controller module receiving remote controller control information from the electronic product module and controlling a specific product selected by a user using the received remote controller control information, the present invention receives the remote controller control information from the electronic product module to display a key arrangement plan of the product to be controlled by a user's selection based on the received control information and then outputs key information by selecting a key of the displayed key arrangement plan.

Abstract: A surface mud pipeline system is described with a mechanical acoustic filter (1245) tuned to a predetermined frequency band so as to attenuate pump noise (132) within this band. The filter can be combined with a Venturi constriction to provide enhanced attenuation and is used to improve signal transmission of a mud pulse telemetry system (113-2).

Abstract: The apparatus is a vehicle motion detection apparatus for short driveways which uses passive ferromagnetic detecting coils reacting to the fluctuation in the earth's magnetic field caused by moving vehicles. The preferred embodiment of the invention uses two sensor coils located on a line that is approximately perpendicular to the adjacent road and parallel to the driveway. The sensor coils are designed and connected so that they generate signals of opposite polarity so that together they cancel out the signals generated by vehicles on the road, but the signals generated by a vehicle moving on the driveway do not cancel each other and are electronically processed.

Abstract: Sensors suitable for submarine detection are in the form of multilayer polymer beads. The sensors have a change in detectible property, such as color, which occurs when said sensors are exposed to a particular stimulus such as an object or event to be detected. The change in property is thus detectible by an external monitor.

Abstract: A method for determining absolute value of a rotational angle includes imaging a segment of a code track onto a sensor such that the sensor generates a corresponding output signal. The track includes a code in the form of a light and dark transition pattern over an angular range. The code contains code words with each code word corresponding to a respective angular value. The code word of the imaged segment is determined from the position of the transitions in the output signal to determine the angular value of the imaged segment. The position of the transitions in the output signal is compared with a reference curve to determine position deviations between the output signal and the reference signal. The reference curve represents the transitions expected in the output signal in the absence of unwanted mechanical influences. The unwanted mechanical influences are determined as a function of the determined deviations.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electronic device and its keyboard system that includes a plurality of keys, a keyboard matrix and a program. The keys include a plurality of first type keys and a plurality of second type keys; the keyboard matrix includes a plurality of keyboard positions. By scanning the keyboard positions, a character or a command typed by a user can be obtained; the program includes a first program code for setting the keyboard matrix to cause a portion of the matrix positions to correspond to the plurality of first type keys, wherein each matrix position corresponding to one first type key, and a second program code for setting another portion of the matrix positions corresponding to the plurality of second type keys, wherein each matrix position corresponding to more than one second type keys.

Abstract: A keyboard has a middle region that has upward longitudinal slopes rising to upper planes on both sides of the middle region. An alphanumeric section disposed in the keyboard housing generally in the middle region. The keyboard includes a first wing section and the second wing section in which each can be disposed at height of the keyboard housing at the upper plane. In one aspect, the alphanumeric section may be disposed below the height of the first and second wing section, and the alphanumeric section is laterally disposed between the first medial section and the second media section.

Abstract: Asynchronous sampling rate converter with input/output frequency ratio estimation and polyphase filtering uses FIFO level feedback to adaptively control frequency ratio estimation.

Abstract: A novel algorithm is shown that allows efficient generation of Variable Length Codes using a Very Large Instruction Word processor with multiple execution units. The code generation is parallelized to take advantage of the multiple execution units, significantly reducing the cycle count and the execution time.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pre-emphasis circuit including a first parallel-to-serial converter, a second parallel-to-serial converter, a mixing circuit and a clock generating circuit. The first parallel-to-serial converter converts parallel data into first serial data, and the second parallel-to-serial converter converts the parallel data into second serial data. The mixing circuit receives the first serial data from the first parallel-to-serial converter and the second serial data from the second parallel-to-serial converter to output a signal emphasizing a change point of the first serial data. The clock generating circuit outputs a first set of clocks made up of clocks having mutually different phases and a second set of clocks made up of clocks having mutually different phases to the first and second parallel-to-serial converters, respectively. The first phase clock of the second set of clocks corresponds to the second phase clock of the first set of clocks.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and apparatus for compressed sensing. In some embodiments, the apparatus (10) generally includes a receiving element (12) operable to receive an input signal, an integrate/dump circuit (14), a sampling element (16), and a processor (18). The integrate/dump circuit (14) is operable to integrate at least a portion of the received signal to provide an integrated signal and the sampling element (16) is operable to sample the integrated signal at a first sampling rate which is less than the Nyquist rate for the input signal. The processor (18) is operable to form a compressed sensing matrix utilizing a first set of time indices corresponding to the first sampling rate, form a measurement vector utilizing at least a portion of the sampled signal, and reconstruct at least a portion of the input signal utilizing the compressed sensing matrix and the measurement vector.

Abstract: A system for converting an analog signal into a digital data stream includes a recurrent network with a plurality of converter circuits that individually receive the same analog signal as input. The circuits then generate a plurality of spike outputs that exhibit characteristics of the analog signal. Interconnecting feedback loops from each circuit output to the input of neighboring circuits queues the plurality of spike outputs to thereby self-organize the network. A digital clock is then used to establish predetermined time intervals for counting the spike outputs to create the digital data stream.

Abstract: According to some embodiments, a circuit includes a current mirror to receive a multi-level current signal, and to generate a plurality of current signals substantially identical to the multi-level current signal. Such a circuit may also include a plurality of current comparison circuits, each of the plurality of current comparison circuits to receive a respective one of the plurality of generated current signals, to receive a respective reference current signal, and to generate a signal indicating a relationship between the received respective one of the plurality of generated current signals and the respective reference current signal.

Abstract: Consistent with an example embodiment a, DA-converter system comprises the cascade of a multi-bit sigma-delta modulator and a DA-converter. The quantization noise of the sigma-delta modulator is isolated; the isolated quantization noise is word-length reduced in a second noise shaper with frequency independent signal transfer function and the isolated word-length reduced quantization noise is subtracted from the quantization noise of said cascade. In another embodiment, the isolated quantization noise is amplified before and attenuated after the second noise shaper.

Abstract: An implantable medical device, such as a pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator, uses digital signal processing channels to process sensed time varying signals representing cardiac activity. Each digital signal processing channels includes a sigma-Delta analog-to-digital converter. The clock rate of each sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter is controlled as a function of a signal detection threshold for its respective digital signal processing channel. For higher threshold levels, a reduced clock rate for the sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter results in reduced power consumption and longer battery life.

Abstract: A Delta-Sigma DAC is provided, comprising an interpolator, a Delta-Sigma modulator, a FIR filter and an analog filter. The interpolator oversamples a n-bit digital signal to generate a n-bit oversampled signal. The Delta-Sigma modulator coupled to the output of interpolator shapes the n-bit oversampled digital signal to generate a shaped digital signal. The FIR filter coupled to the Delta-Sigma modulator filters the shaped digital signal to generate an analog audio signal. The analog filter coupled to the FIR filter amplifies the analog audio signal to generate a audible signal.

Abstract: A digital to analog converter including a first current source (3) to which a first digital signal (28,31) is applied for conversion to an analog signal, wherein the first digital signal has a predetermined clock cycle. The digital to analog converter further comprising a second dummy current source (30) associated with the first current source to which a second digital signal (29,32) is applied. The second digital signal is derived from the first digital signal so that in any one clock cycle either the first or the second current source switches. This arrangement has the advantage that the dynamic behavior of the converter is not signal dependent, but dependent only on the clock cycle.

Abstract: A digital-to-analog converter supporting high speed operation is defined. The converter includes a plurality of sampler circuits in electrical communication with a digital signal source and a summation circuit in electrical communication with the plurality of sampler circuits. A sampler circuit of the plurality of sampler circuits is adapted to sample a bit of a plurality of bits from the digital signal source with a half-sinusoidal signal forming a sampled signal. The sampler may include a plurality of diodes and a sinusoidal signal source. The sinusoidal signal source toggles the plurality of diodes on and off thereby forming the sampled signal at a sampler output port. The summation circuit is adapted to combine the sampled signal from each of the plurality of sampler circuits to form an analog signal portion representative of the plurality of bits. Exemplary summation circuits include an R-2R resistance ladder and a Wilkinson power combiner.

Abstract: Embodiments of a digital potentiometer are disclosed that require lesser numbers of components than conventional digital potentiometers. A first string of elemental impedance devices, and at least one bulk impedance device, are provided between first and second reference terminals. The first string of elemental impedance devices is tapped by wiper switches. The at least one bulk impedance device has an impedance greater than an impedance of the first string. If desired, second and third bypassable impedance device strings also may be provided between the first and second reference terminals, with the impedance of the respective second and third strings being between the impedance of the first string and the impedance of one bulk impedance device. One or more dummy structures each including an impedance device in parallel with a permanently-on switch also may be between the first and second reference terminals to improve linearity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for digital-to-radio frequency conversion, the device comprising: conversion cell matrices for digital-to-radio frequency conversion; means for providing a digital data signal; means for dividing the digital data signal into data signal groups; means for generating clock signals, the clock signals having different phases, the number of clock signals being the same as the number of data signal groups; means for synchronizing the data signal groups by using the clock signals; means for conveying the synchronized data signal groups to the conversion cell matrices, the number of conversion cell matrices being the same as the number of data signal groups; and means for synchronizing each conversion cell matrix by using the clock signal with which the synchronized data signal group conveyed thereto was synchronized for generating interpolation values.

Abstract: An image processing circuit for reducing noise. The image processing circuit includes a CDS circuit for taking a potential difference between a pixel signal at a reset of an image pickup device and a pixel signal after exposure, and an AD conversion circuit. The AD conversion circuit includes an increment counter and AD conversion clock provided for the AD conversion of the potential difference of the image pickup device between at a reset and after exposure, and an averaging ADC control circuit for averaging a plurality of digital code values obtained through the AD conversion repeated a plurality of times.

Abstract: An A/D converter has inverting elements and delay elements alternately disposed in series. Each inverting element receives an analog voltage signal as a power source and converts a pulse signal in an inversion operation time depending on the analog voltage signal. Each delay element delays transmission of the pulse signal. The transmission of the pulse signal is started from a starting inverting element at a start time, and a transit position of the pulse signal is detected at a detection time later than the start time by a predetermined time. A digital value indicating a level of the analog voltage signal is determined from the detected transit position of the pulse signal. Because transmission of the pulse signal is delayed by the delay elements, the transit position depending on the analog voltage signal can be correctly detected.

Abstract: An A/D conversion array for an image sensor, in which the number of amplifiers and capacitors are decreased, compared with the conventional cyclic type, and a function to cancel the noise generated in the pixel section of the image sensor is provided, so that the area and power consumption are decreased. After input signal Vin is supplied to C1 and held, a reset level is applied to Vin, whereby the signal is amplified by the ratio of C1 and C2 (C1/C2). An output is held in C1, and the output is A/D-converted by a comparator so that a control signal is generated by the conversion output and a switch is turned ON. The digital signal is converted into an analog signal, and the analog signal is subtracted from the signal held in C1. This signal is amplified and is subjected to A/D conversion again, and the same operation is repeated.

Abstract: A radar-absorbing panel (9) includes a honeycomb core (11) and a lower skin (13), where the lower skin (13) is attached to the bottom of the honeycomb core (11). The honeycomb core (11) is made up of individual cells (15), which may be filled with aerogel. The individual cells (15) are approximately ½ of an inch in size with polygonal shape.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an apparatus for collecting ground radar data with polarization information comprising a main body exhibiting structure for moving the apparatus along the ground, a part that rotates in relation to the main body supporting a pair of antennas of transmitter and receiver type, a power source with connected control unit for controlling and governing the ground radar, a transmitter unit electrically connected to one of the pair of antennas for generating and transmitting radar pulses and a sampler unit electrically connected to the other antenna for receiving the reflected radar pulses.

Abstract: Sensing moving entities includes transmitting a stepped-frequency radar signal including multiple frequencies through a wall from a first side of the wall to a second side of the wall. Portions of the radar signal that are reflected by entities located beyond the second side of the wall are detected. The reflected portions are processed to generate processed data including information associated with frequency shifts between the transmitted signal and the detected signal. The processed data is analyzed to determine if reflected portions are associated with moving entities.

Abstract: A radar system having a transmit signal path and a receive signal path and an event generator which is responsive to command signals provided by a digital signal processor (DSP) is described. The DSP generates command signals and provides the command signals to the event generator. In response to the command signals, the event generator generates event signals in the radar system. The event signals include but are not limited to ramp control signals provided to a controllable signal source which provide RF signals to the transmit path of the radar.

Abstract: A method and a device for adaptively controlling power in a radar device having a radar transmitter and a radar receiver are provided, in particular for applications in vehicles. The radar signals are emitted, and radar signals reflected off of target objects are received and checked for irregularities. The transmitting power of the radar transmitter is reduced when irregularities occur which are attributable to interference caused by neighboring radar transmitters.

Abstract: A real-time signal processing engine robustly detects, localizes, tracks and classifies ground targets based on radar signals from a multistatic radar system. The system differentiates between different targets based on an optimized cost function, which can include the total returned normalized pulse energy. The local transmitters/receivers can communicate with each other via the transmitted radar signals.

Abstract: A radar level gauge system for gauging the level of a filling material in a container is disclosed. The system comprises a waveguide extending towards the surface of said filling material; a transmitter for transmitting a microwave signal of a first mode of propagation in the waveguide; and a receiver for receiving the microwave signal reflected against the surface of the filling material and propagating back through the waveguide. Further, it comprises a processing circuitry for determining the filling level of the container based on the reflected microwave signal; and a transition element connecting the waveguide and the transmitter, wherein the transition element is configured to allow a part of the transmitted microwave signal to leak into a second mode of propagation.

Abstract: Guided wave radar (GWR) pulses are launched onto an electromagnetic guide wire using a compact launcher that includes an impedance matching element. The impedance matching element produces reflections that cancel launcher reflections. Short range echoes can be accurately detected after impedance matching. GWR operation in small tanks and in tanks containing low dielectric constant materials, such as propane, can be enhanced with the compact impedance-matched launcher.

Abstract: To achieve a purpose of the present invention, a pulse wave radar device related to the present invention modulates a first transmitting pulse and a second transmitting pulse which are separated from each other by a predetermined lapse of time and transmits a transmitting pulse wave and, if a lapse of time from transmission of the transmitting pulse wave corresponding to the first transmitting pulse to outputting of a pulse by the receiving circuit is equal to a lapse of time from transmission of the transmitting pulse wave corresponding to the second transmitting pulse to outputting of a pulse by the receiving circuit, decides that the pulses are a receiving pulse reflected from a target.

Abstract: A polarimetric radar system transmits a signal which is nominally the desired polarization, but which may deviate therefrom. A calibration operation is performed using a symmetrical radar reflector, to determine the gains and phases of reception of two mutually orthogonal components of the received reflected signal which result in nulling of the two polarization components of the reflected signal. These gains and phases represent receive corrections which result in a simulation of perfect polarization purity on both transmission and reception. The corrections established during calibration are applied to the receive signals during normal (non-calibration) operation, to improve the effective polarization of the transmission and reception.

Abstract: A transmitter provides a plurality of output signals. The transmitter includes a processor, a modulator, a first circuit, and a second circuit. The modulator provides a modulated signal responsive to the processor. The modulated signal includes an amplitude modulated radio frequency for transmitting a pulse. The first circuit provides a first output signal, responsive to and with higher power than the modulated signal. The first output signal has a first phase during transmitting of the pulse. The second circuit provides a second output signal, responsive to and with higher power than the modulated signal. The second output signal has a second phase during transmitting of the pulse. The second phase is controlled by the second circuit in accordance with the first phase, the second phase, and indicia of a third phase provided by the processor.

Abstract: To provide sub-meter accuracy in a local positioning system, ranging signals with a high modulation rate of code, such as 30 MHz, or more are transmitted. Code phase measurements may be used to obtain the accuracy without requiring relative motion or real time kinematic processing. The ISM or X-band is used for the carrier of the code to provide sufficient bandwidth within available spectrums. The length of codes used is less than or about a longest length across the region of operation, such as less than 15 kilometers in an open pit mine. The spread spectrum codes from different land-based transmitters are transmitted in time slots pursuant to a time division multiple access scheme for an increase in dynamic range. To avoid overlapping of code from different transmitters, each time slot includes or is separated by a blanking period. The blanking period is selected to allow the transmitted signal to traverse a region of operation.

Abstract: An invention for providing information to a GPS device by selecting location-specific information stored on a memory medium incorporated in the GPS device, or received by the GPS device from location-specific information broadcast by GPS satellites. The stored or broadcast location-specific information includes a GPS-advice type and a GPS-advice range. The CPU of the GPS device compares a computed or user-input GPS device location with the GPS-advice range included in the stored or broad-cast location-specific information, and outputs the location-specific information to the GPS device if the GPS device location falls within the GPS-advice range included in the stored or broadcast location-specific information or advertising. The stored or broad-cast location-specific information may also be searched and output by user input of any location or GPS-advice type. The stored or transmitted information may be advertising.

Abstract: A transmission system comprises a plurality of antenna elements; a plurality of power amplifiers, each of power amplifiers being connected to one of the antenna elements; a plurality of waveform/beam synthesizer assemblies, each of the waveform/beam synthesizer assemblies being connected to one of the power amplifiers; a processor for controlling modulation and beam forming/steering functions of the waveform/beam synthesizer assemblies; and a master clock for synchronizing operation of the processor and waveform/beam synthesizer assemblies, wherein each of the waveform/beam synthesizer assemblies generates a transmit element signal with embedded phase offset and amplitude adjustments in response to control signals from the processor, and each of the plurality of antenna elements radiates one of the transmit element signals. A method of producing one or more beams using an array of antenna elements is also provided.

Abstract: In a position detection system for detecting a position of a terminal apparatus of a radio communications system, a position detection time is shortened using a position detection method for determining signal times-of-arrival between the terminal apparatus and base stations neighboring the terminal apparatus. According to the present invention, means for generating a database in which received power information about signals transferred between the terminal apparatus and the base stations neighboring the terminal apparatus corresponds to position information about the terminal apparatus, and for determining the position information by searching received power information obtained in the position detection from the database, and means for determining the position by use of signal times-of-arrival are executed in parallel. Then, the use of a result of the means which has detected the position earlier than another means shortens the position detection time.

Abstract: A radiation patch having a shape of linearly-tapered rectangle for a planar inverted F antenna is disclosed. The planar inverted F antenna having a radiation patch includes: a ground unit for grounding a radiation patch; a short unit for shorting the radiation patch; a feeding unit for supplying an electric power to the radiation patch; and a radiation patch for radiating electric power from the feeding unit, wherein the radiation patch having a shape of linearly tapered rectangle and a length and width of tapered sides of radiation patch is determined according to a resonate frequency. As mentioned above, the present invention can be easier to be designed and provide wider bandwidth by providing a linearly tapered rectangle shape of radiation patch in a planar inverted F antenna.

Abstract: The invention provides a multiple beam antenna and a method of fabricating such an antenna. The multiple beam antenna comprises: a flexible substrate having a conductive layer; a plurality of directional antennas; and a plurality of electrical connections being routed from each of the plurality of directional antennas to at least one area of the substrate. The plurality of directional antennas and the plurality of electrical connections are formed in the conductive layer, and the flexible substrate is shaped so that the plurality of directional antennas point in prescribed directions. This provides a low cost, high functionality multiple beam antenna. The multiple beam antenna can be shaped such that the directional antennas cover a full 360° or alternatively cover any range of other angles, (e.g. 270° or 180°).

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of manufacturing an antenna structure. In one embodiment, the method includes forming an antenna trace on a substrate proximate a ground plane of the substrate. In addition, the method includes creating an insulation region extending through the substrate and located between the antenna trace and the ground plane.

Abstract: A multiband planar inverted F antenna (PIFA) can provide improved performance and operating efficiency, and utilizes a capacitive element configured to provide high efficiency operation, and a tuning area that allows the antenna to be tuned independently of the capacitive element. As a result of this feature, the antenna can be tuned to the desired operating frequencies, while allowing the capacitive element to remain configured for optimal operating efficiency. The antenna can be configured in a loop for effective utilization of a given volume and can therefore be relatively small in size and high efficiency. A capacitive loading section can be included to allow improved antenna efficiency and radiation. Additionally, tuning section can be provided to allow the antenna to be tuned without adjusting the capacitive loading section. To obtain operation at an additional frequency band, a parasitic element or a slot configuration can be included.

Abstract: An apparatus capable of being retrofitably installed on a conveyor having a radio frequency identification (RFID) system is disclosed. The apparatus includes a non-metallic frame and multiple mounting means for facilitating the mounting of the non-metallic frame onto a metallic slider bed of the conveyor. The apparatus can be inserted between a conveyor belt and the metallic slider bed of the conveyor. The non-metallic frame has a low-friction upper surface to allow the conveyor belt to easily slide over the low-friction upper surface. The non-metallic frame also includes at least one receptacle for encapsulating an RFID antenna for detecting RFID tags.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for providing a broadband antenna is disclosed. For one embodiment of the invention, a molded antenna structure is provided having a gap between electrical components on the printed circuit assembly (PCA) and an overmolding of the antenna structure. One embodiment of the invention substantially reduces the degradation of the antenna performance in wideband modes of operation compared with prior art overmolding schemes. For one embodiment of the invention, the gap between the electrical components and the overmolding is formed by implementing a “cap” (covering) over the components on the PCA such that they are substantially surrounded by air between the cap and the PCA surface.

Abstract: The invention provides a radio device in which multi-resonance promotion and impedance adjustment can be readily performed and a restriction in a mounting space can be dissolved, and an electronic apparatus having the same installed therein. Provision of a stub (123) having a large area and serving as a frequency matching portion as well in a folded monopole antenna (120) results in that a conductor area can be increased, and a resonance frequency can be shifted to lower frequencies. In addition, a frequency of a radio communication antenna can be readily adjusted because the resonance frequency is adjusted by cutting the stub (123).

Abstract: An antenna radiator assembly (201) and radio communications assembly (200) comprising a circuit board (210) supporting electrical conductors, at least one of the electrical conductors being coupled to a feed point (130). There is a ground plane (140) with a first planar element (141) and a second planar element (142), the first planar (141) element being supported by the circuit board (210) and having a first planar element plane (240) parallel to a surface (250) of the circuit board (210), and the second planar element (142) having a second planar element plane (245) lateral to the first planar element plane (240). A ground connector is coupled to the ground plane (140) and the antenna radiator element (107) is coupled to both the ground connector and the feed point. The antenna radiator element (107) is spaced from the ground plane the antenna radiator element (107) has an antenna radiator element plane (295) is lateral to the first planar element plane (240).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an automatic central buffer coupling for a multi-membered vehicle having a coupling head and a signal transmission device for transmitting signals between a first and a second car body. The invention integrates a signal transmission device into the central buffer coupling. The invention includes a coupling element and a counter-coupling element integrated into respective contact plates of adjacent coupling heads such that the face side of the coupling element is arranged opposite the face side of the counter-coupling element. The coupling element and the counter-coupling element each have an antenna member that includes a disc monopole antenna configured to transmit data in the GHz frequency range.

Abstract: An invisible antenna with excellent antenna characteristics that cannot be visually recognized by naked eyes. A pair of linear conductors 11 are connected to a feeding line 12, and a plurality of the linear conductors 11 are disposed on and/or within a transparent insulating layer 14. The linear conductor 11 cannot be visually recognized by human naked eyes.