Abstract: Data transmission in a telecommunication system may become critical if too many data packets of the same logical channel are contained in a single container which gets lost. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, this problem may be circumvented by accommodating only a maximum number of data packets of the same logical channel to a single container. Advantageously, this may allow for a stable and efficient transmission.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method, devices and system for transit of information over packet switched networks, in particular for transit of an end-to-end connection over a plurality of such networks (1?, 1, 1?) using a transit method that is independent on the network technology used in the different networks. An end-to-end service node (21) selects the networks and links an end-to-end connection shall traverse. To each network an incoming transit node (2) and an outgoing transit node (3) are connected. Between these a leg of the end-to-end connection is transited. The outgoing transit node has a list (37) of transit tags used for identification of a packet flow related to the connection. A transit tag is selected from the list and is signalled to the incoming transit node together with the local address of the outgoing transit node. At the incoming transit node incoming packets are analyzed with regard to the presence of a local identifier (e.g. called a link tag).

Abstract: Provided is a method of processing a signaling message between a subscriber network supporting path-coupled signaling and a multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) label-switched path (LSP)-based transmission network. According to the method, it is possible to process a path-coupled signaling message generated in the transmission network while corresponding them to a plurality of MPLS LSPs that have been set in the transmission network. Thus there is no need to additionally generate or cancel an MPLS LSP, and therefore the load onto the transmission network can be effectively reduced thereby improving network scalability. Also, it is possible to guarantee the QoS (quality of service) for each node-to-node path by using MPLS LSP, thus allowing a QoS-based service to be provided. Accordingly, the method can be applied to a BcN (Broadband Convergent Network) or a NGN (Next-Generation Network).

Abstract: Provided is a method of resource management and call admission control in an access network in a hierarchical manner.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for multicasting data. The method used by a server for multicasting data to a plurality of clients includes receiving information on reception environments from the clients; classifying the clients into a plurality of groups based reception environments included in the received information,; and multicasting data in which a different error correction method is applied to each group. In this way, while using a narrow bandwidth, the quality of service (QoS) of the data multicasting can be guaranteed.

Abstract: A network device may transmit a request to each of a plurality of multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) networks for a label switched path (LSP) label, wherein each LSP label provides a defined quality of service connection through a corresponding MPLS network. The network device may then receive from each of the plurality of MPLS networks a corresponding LSP label and transmit at least one LSP label to each of a plurality of network devices, wherein the defined quality of service connection is provided through each of the plurality of MPLS networks.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for computer management are provided. In the present invention, the baseboard management controllers (BMCs) of a plurality of baseboards are connected through a network. A broadcasting packet is sent to each BMC by switching a virtual local area network (VLAN) so as to obtain a default Internet protocol address (IP address) and a media access control address (MAC address) of each BMC and reset the IP addresses of the BMCs with particular IP addresses. Therefore, in a subsequent management function, a control instruction can be sent to each BMC directly for controlling the BMCs to execute particular functions.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes receiving, by an access router, an Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) packet that specifies a request for executing a preemptive service for data packets specifying a prescribed flow label field value identified in the request. The method further includes attempting authentication of the request by the access router based on a prescribed secure authentication protocol. The method further includes implementing the preemptive service by the access router based on the authentication of the request, including passing any IPv6 data packet received from a host node and having an IPv6 header specifying the prescribed flow label field value and satisfying a prescribed security condition, and limiting transfer of any data packet that does not specify the prescribed flow label field value or satisfy the prescribed security condition.

Abstract: A switch and a method are described herein that are capable of performing the following steps: (a) receiving the unicast packet which is a L3 routed packet at a port in a first Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN); (b) routing the received packet to a loopback port in a second VLAN; (c) receiving the routed packet which is now a L2 multicast packet from the loopback port in the second VLAN; and (d) bridging the routed packet to multiple ports in the second VLAN.

Abstract: A packet processing apparatus of a cable modem in hybrid fiber coaxial networks for processing a packet received from a cable modem termination system through a plurality of downstream channels is provided. A specific channel number is assigned to each channel and the cable modem termination system transmits downstream service identifier encoding information to the cable modem during an initializing process therebetween. The apparatus includes a plurality of channel receivers, each for generating an interface packet by inserting the channel number of a corresponding channel into the packet received through the corresponding channel; and an input controller that classifies the interface packet into a resequencing packet, which needs to be resequenced, and an ordinary packet, for which resequencing is not necessary, using the downstream service identifier encoding information and stores the resequencing packet and the ordinary packet.

Abstract: A method of, and system for, asynchronous data transmission are disclosed which have application in the transmission of stock exchange data or replicated memory data. Later transmitted data (14) is used to overwrite earlier transmitted and received data (13). However, earlier transmitted data (14) which is received later than later transmitted data (15) (for example due to network latency) does not overwrite the later transmitted data (15). Transmitted data packets include a count value (15) indicative of the sequence position of each data packet in a transmitted sequence (13, 14, 15) of data packets. A transmitter and receiver for asynchronous data transmission and reception, and a packet signal structure are also disclosed.

Abstract: An identifier verification method for determining whether an identifier of a second peer node is reliable, at first peer node, in a distributed peer to peer network without a server, the network having a plurality of peer nodes connected to an Internet, the identifier verification method including: obtaining the identifier of the second peer node; requesting identifier verification for checking whether the identifier of the second peer node is forged, by using a cryptographic method via a third peer node randomly selected, when receiving a request for the identifier verification from a user; and verifying reliability of the identifier of the second peer node depending on a result of the identifier verification request.

Abstract: An alternating scheduling algorithm is useful in a mesh network. Transmissions are scheduled along a branch in a tree structure such that simultaneous transmissions occur only in non-adjacent layers along the branch. In a disclosed example, every other layer is grouped into a set of layers such that the sets are mutually exclusive and the sets only include non-adjacent layers. One example includes designating one set of layers as the even layers and another set as odd layers. A scheduler schedules transmissions on the layers such that simultaneous transmissions along a branch occur only on layers within one of the sets while transmissions on the other set along the same branch are prevented. The sets of layers selected for transmission are alternated each subsequent scheduling window or frame.

Abstract: A method, an associated end point and an associated for updating a reservation established for a session between a first end point in a first administrative domain and a second end point in a second administrative domain wherein the reservation is valid in the first administrative domain between the first end point, an access router and a domain router. The method comprises the steps of detecting that the first end point connected to the access router needs to change toward a second access router, in the domain router, receiving an address modification notification related to the reservation from the first end point and issuing a first reservation message from the domain router on behalf of the second end point toward the second access router.

Abstract: A cut-through system and method are provided for scheduling information in an information distribution device. The method receives a plurality of information streams. A master schedule is created to select messages from the information streams for transfer to a corresponding plurality of remote links. The messages (e.g., packets) may have either a fixed or variable length. The master schedule is responsible for managing a communication link overall maximum bandwidth, and a message bandwidth for each remote link. Concurrently, an underrun schedule is created to select segment rates for a first group of messages destined to corresponding first group of remote links, and manage the message segment rate for the first group of messages. For example, the first group of messages may be destined to remote links that are sensitive to underrun.

Abstract: A method for determining spatial and temporal loss in a packet based video broadcast system in an encrypted environment involves measuring video coding layer information at an unencrypted head end of a video stream and network layer information at an encrypted downstream end of the same video stream. Video coding layer information is correlated with network layer information having a corresponding time stamp to compute the spatial and temporal loss. The video coding layer and network layer information is taken from discrete segments of the video stream including access units, slices or macroblocks. Impairments in the video stream are determined using the computed spatial and temporal loss.

Abstract: A social semantic network provides for the efficient distribution of digital objects between users of that network. People in the network are connected by labeled edges that define relationships. Any person can create content in the form of particles, and by labeling that content, can determine how that content is distributed through the network. Labeled particles travel through each node in the network based on comparisons of the particle label with each edge label when exiting that node. Propagation can be controlled by the person at each node through which the particle travels or, alternatively, the system can be adapted to propagate particles one or two nodes at a time. Thus, a decentralized push-based system for distributing content is achieved without extensive regulation of that which is “appropriate” for consumers.

Abstract: A network of nodes comprising a plurality of nodes, at least one node being connected to at least one other node, wherein a link between two nodes is classified as supporting reliable class traffic, as supporting unreliable class traffic or as supporting both reliable class traffic and unreliable class traffic.

Abstract: A network system for an appliance has communication among components with a message protocol that includes a flag set to bind individual messages together for a complete snapshot of the state of an appliance component.

Abstract: Systems and methods for managing packet flows in a communication network are provided. Packet information can be cached on different levels and used to avoid external queries. The cache information can also be correlated with other types of information, such as location information, to be able to serve that information quicker than if one or more external queries were to be made. A demux manager can provide routing and session setup, by routing packets that already have a session to the session manager and assigning packets to a session manager if they are not already assigned to a session. The tiered architecture also provides scalability to many users and minimizes delays even during high call volumes because the load can be distributed well across the gateway's resources.

Abstract: A relay server which is connected to a LAN and which can communicate with a relay server in a different LAN, includes: an account information registering unit that stores information on client terminals connected to the LAN; a relay group information registering unit that stores relay group information; a shared resource information registering unit that stores shared resource information; a check unit that checks whether the client terminals stored in the account information registering unit can be accessed; a relay group information notifying unit that updates the relay group information and transmits a change notification of the relay group information to the relevant relay server; and a shared resource information notifying unit that updates the relevant shared resource information and transmits a change notification of the shared resource information to the relevant client terminal which is stored in the account information registering unit.

Abstract: A device receives an activation inform message associated with a local area network (LAN) device, and verifies the LAN device and a gateway device associated with the LAN device based on an Internet protocol (IP) address included in the activation inform message. The device also performs a set parameter value (SPV) operation to add a new connection request port forwarding entry in the gateway device when the LAN device and the gateway device are verified, and sends a connection request operation, to be forwarded by the gateway device to the LAN device, based on the new connection request port forwarding entry.

Abstract: Systems and methods enable maximizing network data throughput via optimizing network capacity allocation. The network throughput maximization system comprises a network transporting data from source nodes to a destination node of the network, buffers for buffering data bytes to be sent from the source nodes to the destination node, and an element at the destination node that cyclically allocates the network capacity among the source nodes according to the amounts of data bytes arrived in the buffers at the source nodes during the previous capacity allocation cycle. The network data transport capacity allocation optimization method comprises steps of buffering at network source nodes data bytes to be transported to a network destination node, and cyclically allocating by the destination node the data transport capacity among the source nodes based on the relative volumes of bytes received in the buffers of the source nodes during the most recent capacity allocation cycle.

Abstract: A switch at a transmission end of a system including a number of memory devices defining queues for receiving traffic to be switched, each queue having an associated predetermined priority classification, and a processor for controlling the transmission of traffic from the queues. The processor transmits traffic from the higher priority queues before traffic from lower priority queues. The processor monitors the queues to determine whether traffic has arrived at a queue having a higher priority classification than the queue from which traffic is currently being transmitted. The processor suspends the current transmission after transmission of the current minimum transmittable element if traffic has arrived at a higher priority queue, transmits traffic from the higher priority queue, and then resumes the suspended transmission. At a receiving end, a switch that includes a processor separates the interleaved traffic into output queues for reassembly of individual traffic streams from the data stream.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method, apparatus, and computer program product are disclosed for bus/device/function (BDF) translation and routing of communication packets through a fabric that utilizes a single multi-root PCI switch. A data processing environment includes multiple host computer systems that are coupled to and share I/O adapters using a PCI switched-fabric bus fabric. The processing environment includes an apparatus that receives a communications packet, from one of the host computer systems, that is intended to be delivered to a particular one of the adapters. The apparatus analyzes the packet to determine a non-unique host-assigned destination device functional identifier that is included in the packet. The apparatus translates the host-assigned destination device functional identifier into a unique virtual destination device functional identifier.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method, apparatus, and computer program product are disclosed for bus/device/function (BDF) translation and routing of communications packets through a fabric that utilizes PCI switches. Identifiers are included in communications packets that are routed between a host and an I/O adapter using a PCI fabric to which the host and the I/O adapter are coupled. Destination identifiers that are included in first communications packets that are received by edge switches, which are connected directly to said host or directly connected to said I/O adapter, are translated before routing the communications packets out of the edge switches. Second communications packets that are received by internal switches, which are not directly connected to the host or directly connected to the I/O adapter, are routed without translating destination identifiers that are included in the second communications packets.

Abstract: For each communication interface of a communication device, its address and a destination address reached via the communication interface are stored in a table while correlating them to each other. A communication interface corresponding to the destination address of a reception packet is selected from the table. When the reception packet contains information on a transmission source address or communication interface, a communication interface corresponding to the information is selected and transmitted to the communication interface. When the reception packet contains no information on a transmission source address or a communication interface, an arbitrary communication interface is selected from the communication interfaces selected and the reception packet is transmitted from this communication interface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for transmitting data in messages via a communication link (101) of a communication system, as well as a communication module (100), users (102) of a communication system and a communication system for implementing this method. The messages are transmitted cyclically in specifiable time windows (ZF) via the communication link (101), messages sent and to be sent via the communication link (101) initially being stored temporarily in a message memory (300) of a communication module (100), and the message to be sent or to be received in a current time window (ZF) being taken from the message memory (300) and sent, or received and stored in the message memory (300).

Abstract: Systems and methods for improving latency in a communication system are disclosed. The channel load of an access channel can be determined in one embodiment. A backoff interval can be determined based on the channel load determined. A random backoff time can be determined and the transmission of an initial access probe can be delayed for the random backoff time, wherein the backoff interval defines a range from which the random backoff time is selected.

Abstract: An access point of a communications network is configured to receive a multicast or broadcast packet from a source. The access point converts the multicast or broadcast packet into a unicast packet addressed to a station associated with the access point. The access point then transmits the unicast packet over the communications network from the access point to the station. The access point further may determine a minimum data rate by which the access point may transmit the multicast or broadcast packet to the station and determines an effective unicast rate for transmitting the unicast packet to the station. If the effective unicast rate does not exceed the minimum data rate, the access point does not transmit the unicast packet to the station and transmits the multicast or broadcast packet.

Abstract: An access point of a communications network is configured to receive a multicast or broadcast packet from a source. The access point converts the multicast or broadcast packet into a unicast packet addressed to a station associated with the access point. The access point then transmits the unicast packet over the communications network from the access point to the station. The access point further may determine a minimum data rate by which the access point may transmit the multicast or broadcast packet to the station and determines an effective unicast rate for transmitting the unicast packet to the station. If the effective unicast rate does not exceed the minimum data rate, the access point does not transmit the unicast packet to the station and transmits the multicast or broadcast packet.

Abstract: A method for realizing forward channel sharing in time division communication system, which completes group configuration at the cluster control service center server and modifies the attributes of all the users to enable the users to support multi-user packet MUP service, including: (a) the cluster user initiates a group call; the access network allocates a unique group identifier MACIndex for the group call after receiving the call request from the calling cluster user and informs all of the users within the group about this MACIndex (201); (b) after the communication starts (202), the access network packets the user data of one or more groups with multi-userpacket MUP, packets the user data of each group into one sub-p acket and does scheduling, then transmits the packets through forward channel (203); (c) after receiving the MUP packets from the forward channel, the cluster user looks into the MUP packets forthe sub-packet that matches theMACIndexofits group, thereby realizing group communication (204).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing quality of service over a contention access period of a wireless personal area network is provided herein. Particularly, the layers above the MAC are allowed to reserve portions of a contention access period (CAP) in order to schedule their QoS actions cooperatively thereby avoiding the dependence on the MAC for QoS performance. By using cooperative scheduling, a node can send a QoS packet from the QoS_Layer to the MAC, and know that it will be transmitted according to the specified QoS requirement. As a result, whenever a node sends a QoS packet in the reserved portion of the CAP, the channel will be guaranteed to be free from competing nodes' packets because those competing nodes will delay their transmissions based on the shared schedule.

Abstract: System, method, and computer program products for implementing techniques for efficient delivery of variable bit rate streaming media assets having a variety of data formats. An embodiment provides delivery system for use in client server computer architecture in which server provides streaming media assets to at least one client over computer network, wherein media assets can have plurality of data formats, including a packet producer that acquires a streaming media asset in packetized form and places time stamps on packets that specify delivery time for each packet, a time stamp packet queue containing the packets with time stamps in a first in, first out order; and a feeder module that removes packets from the time stamp packet queue and transmits the removed packets to a client via the computer network, transmission for each packet concluded at least by the specified delivery time in each packet.

Abstract: Systems, methods, media, and means for hiding network topology are provided. In some embodiments, methods for hiding network topology are provided, the methods including: receiving a message including topology information from a sender; removing at least part of the topology information; associating the removed topology information with an identifier; saving the topology information; sending the message to a receiver; receiving a response from the receiver; retrieving the removed topology information based on the identifier; inserting the removed topology information into the response; and sending the response to the sender.

Abstract: A method for handling reordering in a Packet Data Convergence Protocol layer of a wireless communications system includes receiving a sequence of packets, performing a reordering function for the sequence of packets, and performing a deciphering function for the sequence of packets after the reordering function is performed.

Abstract: A method, computer program/product, system, transmitter and receiver suited for the transfer of at least one data object (50) to the receiver (101) are shown, wherein the at least one data object is associated with a respective data envelope (51) that serves for at least one of identifying, versioning and time bounding the at least one data object, the method embedding (110) the at least one data envelope and a representation of the at least one data object into a compound container object (52), and transferring (112) the compound container object to the receiver. The at least one data object may be a metadata object that represents a description of services and/or content that can be used by the receiver, and the compound container object is furnished with a compound container envelope (53) that serves for at least one of identifying, versioning and time bounding of the compound container object.

Abstract: An information communication method, which is executed on a transmitting side, is provided. The method comprises a first step of transmitting communication data to a receiving side; and a second step of retransmitting the communication data to the receiving side without waiting for an arrival of a negative acknowledgement signal of the communication data, which arrives from the receiving side, or an elapse of a predetermined acknowledgement wait time.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention are directed at establishing a multimedia network session in which the transmission of media streams is synchronized. In one embodiment, a method is provided for synchronizing incoming audio and video streams. The method includes establishing a communication channel between a first computing device that is receiving an incoming audio stream with the second computing device that is receiving an incoming video stream. Once the communication channel is established, the current network conditions that describe attributes of the incoming audio stream are obtained by the first computing device. Then, the delay in the incoming audio stream is calculated. When the delay is known, the method causes the incoming video stream to be delayed to match the delay in the incoming audio stream.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are described for synchronizing distribution of packet information. In one embodiment, the invention includes timestamp processing logic to process a transmit time indicator embedded within the packet information, where the transmit time indicator is based on a time reference, and service synchronization queuing logic to hold the packet information until a time offset after the transmit time indicator, where the service synchronization queuing logic is synchronized to the time reference.

Abstract: Provided is a vertical cavity surface emitting device. The surface emitting device includes a lower mirror layer emitting light having a long wavelength, an active layer providing an optical gain, a tunnel junction layer for confining a current, and an upper mirror layer, which are sequentially stacked on a compound semiconductor substrate, wherein a heat release layer is formed on side surfaces of at least one of the active layer, the tunnel junction layer and the upper mirror layer by using etching process, and the heat release layer has greater thermal conductivity than at least one of the active layer, the tunnel junction layer and the upper mirror layer.

Abstract: A harmonic frequency conversion module is disclosed including a polarization maintaining (PM) fiber optical link for providing an output stabilized from power fluctuation by the inclusion of one or more polarizers in the PM fiber optical link. Removing polarization distortions removes noise which has a significant negative effect on the output of harmonic frequency conversion elements. It has been found that the noise in frequency converted light has additional components, caused by mode interaction during conversion. In accordance with the present invention, we are able to remove the spikes in this noise, making it more stable and less dependent on external conditions. If the PM optical fiber route consists of multiple elements creating polarization distortions, a polarizer should be inserted between the most distorting element and the output of the fiber system. If many elements contribute to polarization distortions, several polarizers can be inserted into the system.

Abstract: Provided is a self-pulsating laser diode including: a distributed feedback (DFB) section serving as a reflector; a gain section connected to the DFB section and having an as-cleaved facet at one end; a phase control section interposed between the DFB section and the gain section; and an external radio frequency (RF) input portion applying an external RF signal to at least one of the DFB section and the gain section.

Abstract: A core of an optical waveguide and a core of a waveguide type optical device are adjacently disposed, and a layer is continuously formed at one end of the core of the waveguide type optical device, wherein an effective refractive index of the layer decreases toward a long axis direction of the optical waveguide stripe.

Abstract: All-optical quasi-phase matching (QPM) uses a train of counterpropagating pulses to enhance high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in a hollow waveguide. A pump pulse enters one end of the waveguide, and causes HHG in the waveguide. The counterpropagation pulses enter the other end of the waveguide and interact with the pump pulses to cause QPM within the waveguide, enhancing the HHG.

Abstract: Disclosed is a laser light source apparatus including an excitation light source, a pair of resonator mirrors, and a resonator including the excitation light source and the pair of resonator mirrors. In the laser light source apparatus, one of two higher harmonic waves generated from the wavelength conversion element is output to the outside of the resonator, is returned to the wavelength conversion element by the retroreflection unit, the higher harmonic wave returned by the retroreflection unit is spatially displaced, is superposed on the other higher harmonic wave generated from the wavelength conversion element, and is output to the outside.

Abstract: Various methods and apparatuses are described in which an array of optical gain mediums capable of lasing are contained in a single integral unit. The array may contain four or more optical gain mediums capable of lasing. Each optical gain medium capable of lasing supplies a separate optical signal containing a band of wavelengths different than the other optical gain mediums capable of lasing in the array to a first multiplexer/demultiplexer. A connection for an output fiber exists to route an optical signal to and from a passive optical network.

Abstract: An optical module includes a stem; a first lead pin and a second lead pin for receiving differential signals, the first and second lead pins penetrating the stem; a mount block fixed to the stem; a laser diode having a pair of electrodes; a submount mounted on the mount block and having an interdigital capacitors and a plurality of electrode patterns on a surface on the submount; and a first wire and a second wire electrically connecting the submount to the first and second lead pins, respectively. The laser diode is mounted on one of the electrode patterns on the submount and connected to another one of the electrode patterns on the submount by a third wire such that the laser diode, and the interdigital capacitor form an electrical circuit. The interdigital capacitor has a capacitance selected to reduce signal reflection at a selected frequency.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser device (A) includes a base (1A) a block (1B) fixed to the base, and a semiconductor laser element (2) provided at the block. The semiconductor laser device (A) further includes a lead (4A) extending through the base (1A) and electrically connected to the semiconductor laser element (2). A cap (5) is fixed to the upper surface of the base (1A), to surround the semiconductor laser element (2) and an end of the lead (4A). The cap (5) is formed with an opening (5d) provided in the light emitting direction of a laser beam emitted from the semiconductor laser element (2). Accordingly, the cap (5) is open in the light emitting direction the laser beam.

Abstract: A semiconductor device comprises an active layer and a cladding layer. An electron blocking layer is at least partially disposed in a region between the active layer and the cladding layer and is configured to form a potential barrier to a flow of electrons from the active layer toward the cladding layer. The electron blocking layer comprises two elements from Group III of the periodic table and an element from Group V of the periodic table. One of the two elements from Group III of the periodic table has a concentration profile with a first portion that gradually increases in concentration in a direction away from the active layer toward the cladding layer and a second portion that gradually decreases in concentration between the first portion and the cladding layer.