Abstract: By simultaneously carrying out an isomerization reaction at position 2 of monatin in different configurations at positions 2 and 4 in the presence of an aldehyde under a condition of pH 4 to 11 in a mixture solvent of water and an organic solvent, and the crystallization of monatin in the same configurations at positions 2 and 4 or a salt thereof, monatin useful as a sweetener, particularly optically active monatin can efficiently be produced.

Abstract: Disclosed are UV absorbers that contain a labile functional group capable of initiating free radical polymerization.

Abstract: A compound of the formula I: (I) wherein the variables are as described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, enantiomer, racemate, diastereomer or mixture thereof, formulations and methods of use thereof are disclosed.

Abstract: Objects of the present invention are the compounds of formula (I), their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, enantiomeric forms, diastereoisomers and racemates, the preparation of the above-mentioned compounds, medicaments containing them and their manufacture, as well as the use of the above-mentioned compounds in the control or prevention of illnesses such as cancer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing tetrahydrofuran from 1,4-butandiol. According to the process in the present invention, a metal sulfate catalyst selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, nickel sulfate, ferrous sulfate and chrome sulfate is pre-treated with an inert gas to be activated, followed by introducing into a reactor together with 1,4-butandiol.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for treatment of external secretion disorders, which comprises administering a fatty 5 acid derivative to a subject in need of said treatment. The method of the present invention is useful for treatment of at least one condition selected from hypolacrimation including disorder of basal tear secretion, dry-eye syndrome, hyposalivation and dry-mouth syndrome.

Abstract: The present invention relates to biarylbisphosphines and intermediates thereof. The scope of the invention further encompasses catalysts preparable from the biarylbisphosphines and their use in asymmetric syntheses.

Abstract: A process to prepare substituted aryl pnictogen derivatives comprising contacting a fluoropolyether or fluoroalkyl primary bromide or iodide, with a pnictogen derivative such as triaryl phosphine, triaryl arsine, or triaryl stibine or triaryl phosphine oxide, triaryl arsine oxide or triaryl stibine oxide, to produce the corresponding fluoropolyether- or fluoroalkyl-substituted aryl phosphine oxide, aryl arsine oxide or aryl stibine oxide; and optionally, contacting the oxide product with a reducing agent to form the corresponding substituted aryl phosphine, arsine or stibine.

Abstract: The invention provides an organometallic complex, containing oxygen free organic ligands, for the deposition of a metal, preferably copper, silver or gold, and preferably by way of chemical vapor deposition. The organometallic complex having the formula [(Do)nMLx]k where M is a metal preferably selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ag and Au; Do is selected from the group comprising ethers, phosphines, olefins, sulfides, pyridines, carbonyl, hydroxyl, cyclopentadiene, benzene derivatives, allyls, alkyls, amines, polyamines, aniline derivatives, cyclooctadiene and combinations thereof; n is an integer having a value from 0 to 4; k is an integer having a value from 1 to 4; x is an integer having a value from 1 to 4; and L is an amidinate ligand of the formula R1—NC(R2)N—R3 where R1, R2 and R3 are selected from the group consisting of alkyls, allyls, aryls, heteroaryls, hydrogen, non-metals and metalloids; and where R1, R2 and R3 are different or the same.

Abstract: A process for the production of trialkoxyhalosilanes which comprises reacting a tetrahalosilane [37] with a tetra-alkoxysilane [38] in the presence of an alcohol whose alkoxy group is the same as those of the tetraalkoxysilane to thereby obtain a trialkoxyhalosilane [39], characterized in that the alcohol is used in an amount of 5 to 50% by mole based on the total amount of Si of the tetrahalosilane and the tetraalkoxysilane: SiX4 [37] (wherein X is halogeno) Si(OR1)4 [38] (wherein R1 is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms) XSi(OR1)3 [39] (wherein X and R1 are each as defined above).

Abstract: A process for the production of trialkoxyhalosilanes which comprises reacting a tetrahalosilane [37] with a tetra-alkoxysilane [38] in the presence of an alcohol whose alkoxy group is the same as those of the tetraalkoxysilane to thereby obtain a trialkoxyhalosilane [39], characterized in that the alcohol is used in an amount of 5 to 50% by mole based on the total amount of Si of the tetrahalosilane and the tetraalkoxysilane: SiX4 [37] (wherein X is halogeno) Si(OR1)4 [38] (wherein R1 is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms) XSi(OR1)3 [39] (wherein X and R1 are each as defined above).

Abstract: An improved process for preparing carbamic ester derivatives of the general formula (1) by reaction with carbon monoxide and water in the presence of a palladium catalyst is provided.

Abstract: Novel derivatives of fumagalone have the general formula (I): and are useful angiogenes is inhibitors; these can be formulated into pharmaceutical compositions suited for human or veterinary medicine, or can be formulated into cosmetic compositions.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel intermediates represented by general formula (I) etc. for preparing a phenoxyacetic acid derivative represented by general formula (X) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which has ?3-adrenoceptor stimulating activity and are useful for treating or preventing obesity, hyperglycemia, diseases caused by intestinal hypermotility, pollakiuria, urinary incontinence, depression or biliary calculus.

Abstract: A mixed metal oxide, which may be an orthorhombic phase material, is improved as a catalyst for the production of unsaturated carboxylic acids, or unsaturated nitrites, from alkanes, or mixtures of alkanes and alkenes, by: contacting with a liquid contact member selected from the group consisting of organic acids, alcohols, inorganic acids and hydrogen peroxide to form a contact mixture; recovering insoluble material from the contact mixture; calcining the recovered insoluble material in a non-oxidizing atmosphere; admixing the calcined recovered insoluble material with (i) at least one promoter element or compound thereof and (ii) at least one solvent for the at least one promoter element or compound thereof; removing the at least one solvent to form a catalyst precursor; and calcining the catalyst precursor.

Abstract: A process for stably operating a continuous preparation process for obtaining acrolein or acrylic acid or a mixture thereof from propane, in which the feed rate of fresh propane to the process is utilized as a correcting element for stable steady-state operation.

Abstract: In the stopping and starting operations of a distillation column used for producing (meth)acrylic acids according to the present invention, upon stopping the operation of the distillation column, the heating of a reboiler attached thereto is interrupted and then the reboiler is rapidly cooled; and/or upon starting the operation of the distillation column for production of the (meth)acrylic acids, an inner wall surface of the distillation column is heated to a temperature higher than a condensation temperature of the (meth)acrylic acids and the operation of the distillation column is started under the heated condition. According to the present invention, it is possible to early and safely stop the operation of the distillation column while preventing the occurrence of polymerization within the distillation column, and stably perform an operation for distillation of acrylic monomers for a long period of time.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds having the general formula (I) as defined herein, the preparation thereof, and the use thereof for the prophylaxis or treatment of any disease involving a dysfunction associated with the orexin 2 receptor such as obesity, appetite or taste disorders including cachexia, anorexia and bulimia, diabetes, metabolic syndromes, vomiting and nausea, depression and anxiety, addictions, mood and behaviour disorders, schizophrenia, sleep disorders, restless legs syndrome, memory learning disorders, sexual and psychosexual dysfunctions, pain, visceral or neuropathic pain, hyperalgesia, allodynia, digestive disorders, irritable bowel syndrome, neuronal degenerescence, ischaemic or haemorrhagic attacks, Cushing's disease, Guillain-Barré syndrome, myotonic dystrophy, urinary incontinence, hyperthyroidism, pituitary function disorders, hypertension or hypotension.

Abstract: A process for preparing N,N-dihydrocarbylhydroxylamines of the general formula (I) where R1, R2, R3 and R4 are selected independently from among hydrogen, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, heteroaromatic and aromatic radicals, or R1 and R2 and/or R3 and R4 are joined to form a ring, and not more than one radical among R1, R2, R3 and R4 is hydrogen, which comprises the steps a) reaction of hydroxylamine H2NOH or a salt of hydroxylamine with a compound of the general formula (II) or (III) where R1, R2, R3 and R4 are as defined in formula (I), b) hydrogenation of the compound formed in step a) in the presence of a catalyst, c) further reaction of the compound formed in step b) with a compound of the general formula (II) or (III) and hydrogenation of the reaction mixture in the presence of a catalyst and d), if appropriate, reaction of the salt of the dihydrocarbylhydroxylamine formed in step c) with a base.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sulfonium salt which can serve as a photo-acid-generator, the sulfonium salt not raising the problem of poor compatibility to a photoresist polymer having an acid-dissociable group. The sulfonium salt is represented by formula (1): wherein R1 represents a linear or branched C2 to C9 divalent hydrocarbon group; each of R2 to R5 represents a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched C1 to C3 hydrocarbon group; each of R6 and R7 represents an organic group; R6 and R7 may be linked together to form a divalent organic group; and X? represents an anion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for decomposing organic hydroperoxides in the presence of a catalyst. It provides a process for decomposing organic hydroperoxides in the presence of a catalyst into a mixture of alcohols and ketones, in which the catalyst comprises at least one ruthenium-based catalytically active metallic element incorporated into a solid support chosen from the group comprising metal oxides and carbon blacks, such as the carbon blacks obtained by the pyrolysis of organic compounds. The process of the invention is especially useful in the decomposition of important chemical intermediates such as cyclohexyl hydroperoxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for manufacturing acrolein by dehydration of glycerol in the presence of molecular oxygen. The reaction is performed in the liquid phase or in the gas phase in the presence of a solid catalyst. The addition of oxygen makes it possible to obtain good glycerol conversion by inhibiting the deactivation of the catalyst and the formation of by-products.

Abstract: Metal cyanide catalysts are complexed with complexing agents that are miscible in poly(propylene oxide) at higher temperatures and immiscible at lower temperatures.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing enantiomerically enriched 2-butanol and to its use.

Abstract: A method for preparing fluorinated organic compounds wherein at least one fluorinated olefin is reacted with methyl fluoride in the gas-phase and in the presence of a Lewis Acid catalyst to form at least one product having at least 3 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Aromatic by-products are sorbed from mono-olefin-containing feedstocks of olefins having from about 6 to 22 carbon atoms per molecule that contain aromatic by-products having from 7 to 22 carbon atoms per molecule. A benzene-containing regenerant displaces and desorbs the aromatic by-products from the sorbent and a regeneration effluent is provided. The regeneration effluent is treated in a regeneration effluent distillation system to provide a benzene-rich stream and an aromatic by-products-containing stream. The latter is subjected to benzene-forming conditions and recycled to the regeneration effluent distillation system where benzene is recovered.

Abstract: A process is provided for the production of xylenes from reformate. The process is carried out by methylating under conditions effective for the methylation, the benzene/toluene present in the reformate outside the reforming loop, to produce a resulting product having a higher xylenes content than the reformate. Greater than equilibrium amounts of para-xylene can be produced by the process.

Abstract: Processes and apparatus for the alkylation of aromatic compound with mono-olefin aliphatic compound in the presence of solid alkylation catalyst use a lights distillation for obtaining desired selectivities to arylalkane in a energy efficient manner. The processes and apparatus offer the potential for debottlenecking existing arylalkane production facilities and reducing the size and energy requirements for a new arylalkane production facility.

Abstract: A process for producing alkyl aromatic compounds which comprises contacting at least one aromatic compound with at least one alkylating agent or transalkylating agent possessing at least one aliphatic group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms under alkylation or transalkylation reaction conditions and in the presence of an alkylation or transalkylation catalyst, to provide an alkylated aromatic product possessing at least one alkyl group derived from said alkylating agent or transalkylating agent, said catalyst comprising a binder-free molecular sieve having an X-ray diffraction pattern that includes the lines set forth in Table A.

Abstract: Processes, methods and apparatus relating to olefin oligomerization include the use of Raman spectrometry to monitor the concentration of reactants, products or other chemical components. One or more oligomerization conditions are adjusted in response to those monitored concentrations. The present processes, methods and apparatus are capable of monitoring olefin oligomerization with the use of low resolution Raman spectrometry equipment, even where there is some degree of overlap between Raman spectral peaks. Apparatus for olefin oligomerization reactions have at least one Raman probe located in the oligomerization equipment, the Raman probe providing an output signal, and Raman spectrometry equipment located outside the oligomerization equipment and operatively connected to at least one Raman probe.

Abstract: This invention is to a method and system for operating a hydrocarbon conversion process. A two stage reactor system is used in which the gas superficial velocity of the second reaction stage is greater than that in the first reaction stage. The first reaction stage operates at more continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) like characteristics, and the second reaction stage operates at more plug flow reactor (PFR) like characteristics.

Abstract: A method for producing an olefin stream is provided based on conversion of an initial natural gas stream into a synthesis gas. The resulting synthesis gas is enriched with CO2 previously separated from the natural gas stream. The synthesis gas is then used to form a methanol composition, which can then be used as feedstock for a methanol-to-olefin conversion reaction.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a means to improve the production capacity and feedstock handling flexibility of a simulated moving bed adsorptive separation process by introducing a second feed stream to the adsorbent chamber, such second feed stream comprising a feed material of a different concentration of the desired compound than the concentration of such desired compound in the first feed material stream. The introduction of this second feed material stream may be performed at any location on the adsorbent chamber between (i) a transfer point located immediately upstream of the point of the raffinate material stream withdrawal from the adsorbent chamber to (ii) a transfer point located immediately downstream of the point of extract material stream withdrawal from the adsorbent chamber. The specific transfer point used for the introduction of the second feed material stream will depend upon the concentration of the desired component in the second feed material stream.

Abstract: Methods for oxidizing organic compounds using hydroxyl radicals formed through redox cycling chelator-mediated Fenton chemistry are disclosed. The methods include generating a reactive oxygen species by contacting a redox cycling chelator with an oxygen containing oxidant and a transition metal species. By contacting the resulting reactive oxygen species with an organic compound, the organic compound is oxidized. The preferred transition metal species is a cationic transition metal, such as iron or copper. The disclosed methods may be used to degrade organic waste compounds and dyes, activate lignocellulosic materials for bonding and produce adhesive formulations.

Abstract: A wound dressing defining skin facing areas having different degrees of skin adherence. The dressing comprises a backing layer defining a center portion and a border portion surrounding the center portion. A carrier layer is secured to the border portion of the backing layer within the border portion and includes a first skin adherent facing layer. An absorbent core is connected to a surface of the backing layer within the center portion and a second skin adherent facing layer is disposed along a surface of the absorbent core. The first facing layer has greater skin adhesive properties than the second facing layer.

Abstract: A bandage remains securely attached to the skin of a wearer during extended exposure to arid, humid or wet conditions. The bandage is readily removed from the attached condition upon application of pressure to its exterior surface. Adhesive portions of the contain pockets or microcapsules filled with an adhesive-inactivating ingredient. The pockets are formed in the backing layer. Microcapsules, if present, are incorporated in the adhesive. The adhesive inactivating ingredient comprises oil from vegetable source, mineral source or fatty acids. The wearer ruptures the pockets or microcapsules by applying pressure to the bandage above the adhesive portions. The adhesive-inactivating ingredient is thereby released at the skin-adhesive interface, permitting an easy, pain-free removal of the bandage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the transformation of C4 plants. It also relates to the high-level expression of foreign genes in C4 plants. More specifically, the present invention relates to the creation of C4 plants retaining an excellent photosynthetic capacity at low temperature by achieving high-level expression of an enzyme constituting the C4 photosynthetic pathway. In the present invention, C4 plants are transformed using an expression cassette that comprises a promoter, a C4 plant genomic gene, under control of said promoter, encoding an enzyme constituting a photosynthetic pathway, and a terminator. The C4 plant genomic gene encoding an enzyme constituting a photosynthetic pathway is preferably a C4 plant genome-derived PPDK gene or a modified form thereof. The present invention is particularly useful in improving the production of C4 plants having PPDK (especially, in improving the production of maize under low temperature conditions).

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence that encodes a protein that imparts a dull luster to a seed coat when expressed within seed-coat tissues and to transgenic seeds, plant cells and plants expressing the protein.

Abstract: Vectors, nucleic acid sequences and amino acid sequences that confer improved characteristic to plants, plant cells, plant material, seed of plants and regenerated plants comprising vectors, nucleic acid and amino acid sequences as compared to wild-type plants cultivated under identical conditions.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for modulating development and defense responses are provided. Nucleotide sequences encoding defensin proteins are provided. The sequences can be used in expression cassettes for modulating development, developmental pathways, and defense responses. Transformed plants, plant cells, tissues, and seed are also provided.

Abstract: A soybean cultivar designated 5333301 is disclosed. The invention relates to the seeds of soybean cultivar 5333301, to the plants of soybean 5333301, to plant parts of soybean cultivar 5333301 and to methods for producing a soybean plant produced by crossing soybean cultivar 5333301 with itself or with another soybean cultivar. The invention also relates to methods for producing a soybean plant containing in its genetic material one or more transgenes and to the transgenic soybean plants and plant parts produced by those methods. This invention also relates to soybean cultivars or breeding cultivars and plant parts derived from soybean cultivar 5333301, to methods for producing other soybean cultivars, lines or plant parts derived from soybean cultivar 5333301 and to the soybean plants, varieties, and their parts derived from use of those methods. The invention further relates to hybrid soybean seeds, plants and plant parts produced by crossing cultivar 5333301 with another soybean cultivar.

Abstract: A soybean cultivar designated S050232 is disclosed. The invention relates to the seeds of soybean cultivar S050232, to the plants of soybean S050232, to plant parts of soybean cultivar S050232 and to methods for producing a soybean plant produced by crossing soybean cultivar S050232 with itself or with another soybean cultivar. The invention also relates to methods for producing a soybean plant containing in its genetic material one or more transgenes and to the transgenic soybean plants and plant parts produced by those methods. This invention also relates to soybean cultivars or breeding cultivars and plant parts derived from soybean cultivar S050232, to methods for producing other soybean cultivars, lines or plant parts derived from soybean cultivar S050232 and to the soybean plants, varieties, and their parts derived from use of those methods. The invention further relates to hybrid soybean seeds, plants and plant parts produced by crossing cultivar S050232 with another soybean cultivar.

Abstract: The invention relates to the soybean variety designated 4959932. Provided by the invention are the seeds, plants and derivatives of the soybean variety 4959932. Also provided by the invention are tissue cultures of the soybean variety 4959932 and the plants regenerated therefrom. Still further provided by the invention are methods for producing soybean plants by crossing the soybean variety 4959932 with itself or another soybean variety and plants produced by such methods.

Abstract: Self-leveling pad assemblies are described having novel backing disks, a cushion layer in contact with the backing disk and a skin covering the cushion and at least one surface of the backing disk. The novel backing disks have an outer collar and a channel at the collar's base about the collar's inner circumference that provides the disk with an enhanced flexing region. The outer collar provides sufficient support for the pad's sealing surface, maintains an even tension on the pad's skin, has sufficient flexibility to allow the pad's surface to conform to an imperfect tone hole and to seal with only a cursory leveling procedure and reduces the number of tears in the pad's skin resulting from repeated contacts with the tone hole and from fluctuations in the skin's moisture content.

Abstract: The invention relates to a grip for a musical instrument, particularly a band instrument which may be used in a group performance. A component of every musical performance, especially a group performance by a group such as by a marching band or drum and bugle corps, is the visual component. In the case of a horn, a visually attractive visual component would be a selective spinning or rotating motion provided by the performer, using a grip attached to the horn for allowing support of said horn in a single hand. The grip further provides an ergonomic means for gripping the horn in either one or both hands.

Abstract: A pedal for a percussion instrument, such as a bass drum, has a base plate and a foot plate pivotally mounted the base plate which is operably connected to an instrument striker. The pedal either has no heel plate or has a very short heel guide and is adapted so that when the tip of the player's foot is at an optimal position or “sweet spot” on the foot plate, the player's heel extends to the playing surface.

Abstract: A versatile portable keyboard musical instrument has a number of separable portions including a first keyboard portion detachable from a second supporting base portion for use alone, or the second supporting base portion may be removed from a support stand and the first portion to enable the musical instrument to be easily transported and played by a musician in any desired manner or position, such as vertically, horizontally, at an angle, or while standing, sitting down or moving across a stage or floor. The keyboard musical instrument includes cavities for insertion of a wireless MIDI device, various finger control devices, an electrical power source or adapters to be connected to a power source, to enable the instrument to be used without cables. Each of the different portions is sized and shaped with open areas or spaces for artistic appearance, to lessen the weight thereof and to serve as carrying handles.

Abstract: A music composition method and apparatus is provided and consists of a plurality of small playing cubes each having a color-coded musical chord with a number to indicate the position of the chord within the matching color-coded musical key of a separate, larger cube indicated on each side thereof. A color-coded device is provided to guide the placement of playing cubes into sequences of chord progressions thereon after the playing cubes are cast upon a flat surface. A player can form multiple chord progressions from the chords on the top sides of the cast playing cubes and play the cast sequence of chords on their instrument thereby learning the relationship between the chords belonging to a musical key.

Abstract: To compose a series of musical tones, a waveform generating device reads out a plurality of time axis segments of waveform data in optional order by compressing or expanding the segments of waveform data in conformance with performance data. With the waveform generating device of the present invention, first performance data are updated in conformance with tempo alterations of second performance data. Based on the updating, a time compression and expansion percentage of each waveform data segment is derived. In those cases where there have been performance tempo alterations, the waveform data can be generated in conformance with the tempo alterations.

Abstract: A system and methods use music features extracted from music to detect a music mood within a hierarchical mood detection framework. A two-dimensional mood model divides music into four moods which include contentment, depression, exuberance, and anxious/frantic. A mood detection algorithm uses a hierarchical mood detection framework to determine which of the four moods is associated with a music clip based on the extracted features. In a first tier of the hierarchical detection process, the algorithm determines one of two mood groups to which the music clip belongs. In a second tier of the hierarchical detection process, the algorithm then determines which mood from within the selected mood group is the appropriate, exact mood for the music clip. Benefits of the mood detection system include automatic detection of music mood which can be used as music metadata to manage music through music representation and classification.