Abstract: A system and for generating power associated with a hybrid vehicle or electrically propelled vehicle comprises a mode selector for selecting at least one of an operational mode and a power generation mode. A controller activates one or more switches to disconnect an inverter output from a drive electrical path to a drive motor and to connect the inverter output to a power generation path if the vehicle is in the power generation mode. An inverter inverts a direct voltage signal to an alternating current signal with a desired frequency in the power generation path. A transformer increases a voltage level of the alternating current signal to a desired voltage level.

Abstract: A renewable electric power system includes a high temperature superconducting wind turbine using high temperature superconducting yttrium-barium-copper oxide for the rotor and stator windings as well as a superconducting bearing. Power from the turbine is stored in a high temperature superconducting magnetic storage system that also uses HTS YBCO. Also included is a regenerative solid oxide fuel cell/electrolyzer with steam turbine cogeneration. The system operates on a managed day/night cycle. During daytime, the energy produced by the wind turbines and fuel cells is transmitted to the grid. During nocturnal hours, the wind turbine is used to provide low cost electricity to the reversible fuel cells operating in the electrolysis mode producing hydrogen and oxygen that is stored for later use. Alternatively, the fuel cells can remain in electrolysis mode producing hydrogen and oxygen for the market. A modified interactive system generates power on a continuous twenty-four hour cycle.

Abstract: A wind turbine includes a rotor having a hub, at least one rotor blade coupled to the hub, and a rotor shaft coupled to said hub for rotation therewith. The wind turbine also includes an electrical generator coupled to the rotor shaft, and a generator-side frequency converter electrically coupled to the electrical generator for converting variable frequency AC received from the electrical generator into DC. The generator-side frequency converter is electrically coupled to an electrical load and is configured to at least one of supply reactive power to the electrical load and absorb reactive power from the electrical load. The wind turbine also includes a grid-side frequency converter electrically coupled to the generator-side frequency converter for converting DC received from the generator-side frequency converter into fixed frequency AC.

Abstract: A floating wind turbine in which a floating barge having a doughnut shape with an open center rigidly supports a plurality of airfoils such that a wind produces a rotation of the blades and the barge. The airfoil and barge assembly is connected to a rigid shaft that extends into a generator housing that houses a generator. Anti-rotation fins extend from the generator housing and into the water to limit rotation of the generator housing as the blades and barge rotates in the wind. Rotation of the rigid shaft due to the wind also rotates the generator shaft to produce electricity. The floating turbine supports the blades for rotation without the need for bearings so the turbine can be extremely large. The blades are supported by the floating barge so the blades can also be extremely large. The barge is doughnut shaped to limit viscous forces due to rotation of the barge within the water. A second floating wind turbine rotates within the first floating turbine but in an opposite direction.

Abstract: A wind turbine rotor is decelerated and locked in a target rotational position in relation to rotation of the rotor about the rotor axis. The rotational position of the rotor in relation to the rotational axis is detected relative to at least one target rotational position. Once the rotor reaches one of the target rotational positions, the rotor is halted and automatically locked in the target rotational position.

Abstract: A child lock apparatus is capable of electrically controlling a child lock function, which disables a door opening operation when a door of a vehicle is opened from a vehicle cabin side by operating a door inner handle. The child lock apparatus includes a child lock mechanism which child-locks the door, and a controller which controls the child lock mechanism based on driving conditions of the vehicle detected by a driving condition detector. The controller controls the child lock mechanism to child-lock the door if the driving condition detector detects that the vehicle is running.

Abstract: This invention discloses a device in a vehicle electrical system which determines the vehicle's operating conditions and facilitates the transfer of electrical energy between systems of electrical energy sources and their associated electrical loads based on the vehicle operating conditions. The device further determines the operating conditions of the systems of electrical energy sources and their associated electrical loads and facilitates the transfer of electrical energy between them in accordance with said operating conditions.

Abstract: An engine start is beforehand detected when a preparation operation to engine start is detected. When the preparation operation is detected based on a seat switch indicating that a driver seats himself on a driver seat, control of an electric current for a heater of an air/fuel ratio sensor is started. The air/fuel ratio sensor is then activated prior to the engine start. Failure diagnosis is conducted on a function for detecting the preparation operation. Namely, the seat switch is diagnosed as having failure, for instance, by the following. Even while a vehicle travels, the seat switch is in an OFF state indicating that no driver is seated. This structure can restrict the engine start without the air/fuel ratio sensor being pre-heated. It can also restrict deteriorating of emission.

Abstract: A method of monitoring and regulating the power and the energy consumed by a transport system including electrically propelled vehicles, said transport system including a power supply system including one or more power supply substations connected to an external electrical power supply network, said power supply substation or substations supplying energy to traction substations supplying power to power supply line sections having vehicle-mounted current pick-up means connected thereto, each vehicle carrying a power converter which is supplied with power by said current pick-up means and which monitors the power supplied to a traction motor of said vehicle, which method includes the following steps: measuring the instantaneous electrical power and/or energy drawn from the external electrical power supply network by said power supply substation or substations, and if the power or energy drawn from the external network tends to exceed an assigned threshold, sending one or more vehicles a set point acting on t

Abstract: A method and a control unit for driving a control circuit (1) are suggested which make possible an improved distribution of the generated power loss. A component (15), especially of a motor vehicle, is driven via at least two outputs (5, 10) of the control circuit (1). Each output (5, 10) is connected pairwise to one of several potentials (40, 45) via controllable switch means (20, 25; 30, 35) and a drive voltage (UA) is formed for the component (15) from a difference between the potentials at the two outputs (5, 10). A pregiven clocked course of the drive voltage (UA) is adjusted by switching more than one of the controllable switch devices (20, 25; 30, 35).

Abstract: A power supply unit comprises a series regulator and a switching DC-DC converter controlled by a PWM signal and connected in parallel with the series regulator, which are switchably enabled by a mode instruction signal depending on the magnitude of a load current. In switching the series regulator and the DC-DC converter, they are simultaneously enabled for a predetermined overlapping time. Further, in changing the operating condition of the DC-DC converter, the width of the PWM signal is shortened to extend the dead time of the DC-DC converter by a predetermined period, thereby suppressing free oscillations and accompanying overshoots that could take place in the power supply unit during switching.

Abstract: A linear electric generator (LEG) includes sections of coils of an induction coil assembly (ICA) disposed along a distance d1 and apparatus for passing a permanent magnetic assembly (PMA) of length d2, where d2 is less than d1, along the coils for generating voltages and power in the coils in close proximity to the PMA. Unidirectional conducting elements are connected between the coils and output power lines to couple the voltages developed across excited coils to the output power lines without the unexcited coils loading down or dissipating the voltage developed across the output power lines.

Abstract: A power tool has an electric motor, a brush element that is supported rotatably for switchover between clockwise operation and counterclockwise operation of the electric motor and includes a brush holder, and a switch unit, embodied separately from the brush element and connected in form-locking fashion to the brush element, which switch unit has an actuating element for actuation by a user, can be slipped in the axial direction onto the brush element, located on the electric motor, and is connected in the axial direction to the brush element.

Abstract: A spray cooled motor system with a motor housing with an interior and an exterior, a stator mounted within the interior of the motor housing, a rotor mounted within the interior of the motor housing, a coil winding mounted within the interior of the motor housing, a plurality of atomizers configured to spray a coolant on at least one of the stator and the rotor, a coolant pump in fluid communication with the plurality of atomizers; and an output shaft extending through an output shaft aperture from the interior to the exterior of the motor housing.

Abstract: A motor having: a rotor having a permanent magnet; and a stator having an air core coil, wherein a rotating magnetic field is formed between the permanent magnet and the air core coil by performing an energization control of the air core coil to rotate the rotor, a rotor shaft is made of one of a magnetic material and a nonmagnetic material, and a part or a portion to form the rotor excluding the permanent magnet and the rotor shaft is made of a nonmagnetic material.

Abstract: A tandem rotary electric machine for vehicles is equipped with a primary rotary electric machine and a secondary rotary electric machine arranged in tandem mechanism, namely, of a dual stator-rotor pair mechanism. In the tandem rotary electric machine, a connection lead wire connects a stator coil wound on a stator core of the primary stator-rotor pair to a rectifier device through one of accommodation parts formed in slots of the stator core of the secondary stator-rotor pair. This structure reduces the entire size or volume of the tandem rotary electric machine and increases the mechanical safety against the impact or force from outside.

Abstract: A tandem rotary electric machine, to be applicable to various types of mobile bodies such as vehicles, is equipped with a primary rotary electric machine and a secondary rotary electric machine arranged in tandem mechanism. In the tandem rotary electric machine, heat energy generated by positive diodes and negative diodes forming one or more rectifier devices is dissipated to a stator core of the secondary rotary electric machine. The stator core of the secondary rotary electric machine acts as a heat sink through the housing. The stator core of the secondary rotary electric machine has a less frequency use, and a large size and a large weight than those of the primary rotary electric machine of high frequent and normal is used as a heat sink in order to prevent the temperature rise of the positive diode and the negative diode of the rectifier devices.

Abstract: A motor for a washing machine including a driving shaft coupled to a drum, a stator for forming a magnetic field with a coil wound on a core, and a rotor rotatably mounted on an outside of the stator coupled to the driving shaft for driving the driving shaft, wherein the rotor includes a rotor frame having magnets attached to an inside surface of an outer end, a back yoke on an outside surface of the outer end for reinforcing the rotor frame and forming a magnetic path, a shaft supporting housing at a center of the rotor frame having one end portion of the driving shaft secured thereto, a bushing of a non-conductive resin having the shaft supporting housing formed as one body at a center, the bushing being secured to the rotor frame, and fastening members for fastening the bushing to the rotor frame.

Abstract: A rotary electric apparatus comprises a rotor including a first and second rotor members, a stator including a first stator and second stator members with armature coils to which armature current is supplied for synchronous rotation. The first and second rotor members are formed into a skewed type. Control means for controlling amounts ?1 and ?2 of field magnetic flux generated by the first and second rotor members, respectively, such that the amounts ?1 and ?2 differ from each other to reduce a difference between a maximum amplitude of a predetermined-order harmonic component F1 of an electromagnetic force caused by a pair of the first rotor member and the first stator member and a maximum amplitude of the predetermined-order harmonic component F2 of an electromagnetic force caused by a further pair of the second rotor member and the second stator member is reduced.

Abstract: An insulation device for being assembled in a linear motor is primarily made through molding a sheet insulation material into an insulation module with the shape harmonized with the shape of an iron core of a linear motor. Thus, coil wildings can be indirectly wrapped around the iron core with the insulation module positioned intermediately and thereby a linear motor with perfect insulation treatment between the iron and coil windings is achieved.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an outer core assembly structure of a linear motor. At least one of a plurality of core sheets is an extended core sheet having a length greater than that of the other core sheets. Consequently, easy and convenient alignment of first and second outer core blocks is accomplished when the first and second outer core blocks are assembled, and the first and second outer core blocks are securely fixed to each other. Furthermore, an additional reinforcing cover is not necessary. Consequently, assembly of the first and second outer core blocks is easily and conveniently accomplished, and therefore, the assembly costs are reduced.

Abstract: In one embodiment the present invention provides for a method for checking the alignment of a stator core that comprises placing a laser source 14 and a target 18 a given distance apart on a stator core 10 and activating the laser such that the laser strikes the target. Then measuring on the target where the laser strikes, and interpreting the measurement to determine any misalignment of the stator core in the given distance.

Abstract: A stator core module assembly (20) is provided which is adapted to be mounted to at least one structural element (16, 18) coupled to a stator frame (10). The stator core module assembly comprises a stator core module (22) adapted to form part of a stator core (21) and at least one keybar (32A, 32B) having a length less than a width of the stator core. The keybar may be coupled to the stator core module. The stator core module assembly further comprises at least one attachment member (34) for coupling the keybar to the structural element coupled to the stator frame.

Abstract: A cooling device of an electronic component. The cooling device comprises a carrier having one or more openings, a piezoelectric member moveably disposed in one of the openings, a plurality of conductive wires disposed within the carrier and extending into the openings, wherein one or more conductive wires being coupled to the piezoelectric member, and an interconnecting member connecting the conductive wires to a power source, wherein when power is supplied, the piezoelectric member vibrates to circulate air and dissipate heat.

Abstract: A restrained surface wave resonator with reduced or abated acceleration sensitivity is provided with a stiffening layer, adhesive layers and subsurface horizontal indentations on the substrate to achieve reduced acceleration sensitivity, increased structural rigidity, decreased sensitivity to in-plane deformations, a lightweight device and reduced deleterious effects from environmental shocks and vibration. The substrate of the restrained surface wave resonators features multiple subsurface horizontal indentations in one major substrate surface deposited on a stiffening layer to provide improved structural rigidity against flexure caused by normal acceleration based upon the diminished mass and reduced weight resulting from removal of portions of the substrate subsurface through micro-machining, and it also tends to improve excessive sensitivity to other flexural deformations. The present invention encompasses a restrained surface wave resonator device and a restrained surface wave resonator system.

Abstract: A peristaltic pump for conveying a fluid comprises a flexible tube having an outer surface and a lumen for carrying the fluid such as a therapeutic agent. The tube has a length defined by opposed ends of the tube, the outer surface of the body carrying a plurality of longitudinally spaced-apart electroactive polymer actuators. The plurality of actuators are adapted to be responsive to electrical signals for energizing the actuators sequentially along the length of the tube to move a lumen pinch-off along the length of the tube to thereby convey the fluid from one end of the tube to the other end by means of a peristaltic pumping action. The peristaltic pump may be incorporated into a medical lead, such as an endocardial pacing lead, carrying at least one electrode.

Abstract: An ultrasonic wave generating device includes a substrate, a heat insulation layer on the substrate, a membrane heating portion on the heat insulation layer, and a membrane oscillator on the heating portion. The heating portion is electrically driven with a predetermined period, and produces heat for thermally displacing a surface of the oscillator. The oscillator receives a temperature variation with the predetermined period from the heating portion, and oscillates so as to generate ultrasonic waves.

Abstract: A transducer housing for an ultrasonic fluid meter. At least some of the illustrative embodiments a transducer housing comprising a housing having a proximal end, a distal end and an internal volume, the housing couples to a spoolpiece of an ultrasonic meter, and an acoustic matching layer that fluidly seals the distal end from the internal volume (wherein the housing accepts a piezoelectric element within the internal volume and proximate to the acoustic matching layer). The acoustic matching layer has an acoustic impedance between that of the piezoelectric element and a fluid within the ultrasonic meter.

Abstract: A novel energy harvesting system and method utilizing a thermoelectric having a material exhibiting a large thermally induced strain (TIS) due to a phase transformation and a material exhibiting a stress induced electric field is introduced. A material that exhibits such a phase transformation exhibits a large increase in the coefficient of thermal expansion over an incremental temperature range (typically several degrees Kelvin). When such a material is arranged in a geometric configuration, such as, for a example, a laminate with a material that exhibits a stress induced electric field (e.g. a piezoelectric material) the thermally induced strain is converted to an electric field.

Abstract: Malfunctions caused by dusts such as sands and the like in movement portions of a spark-voltage generation mechanism are reduced. The generation mechanism comprises an outer-box assembly in which a base piece, piezoelectric element, and anvil are disposed in line with the longitudinal axis, an axis-direction cam groove is formed thereon, an inner-box assembly in which a hammer that strikes the piezoelectric element and a hammer spring are housed, a cam hole is formed thereon, and a joint-case assembly that limits the stroke of the outer-box assembly over the inner box-assembly, generates a high-voltage pulse by series of operations where one-way-pressure force is applied with a hammer pin inserted into the hammer, the cam groove, and the cam hole to compress and release the hammer spring. The hammer strikes the piezoelectric element by releasing the compression force of the hammer spring, the operation mechanism is shielded with the joint-case assembly.

Abstract: To propose a structure of a small-sized airtight terminal capable of restraining a reduction in yield of steps of fabricating an airtight terminal and steps of integrating a piezoelectric vibrator and a mold structure of a surface mount type piezoelectric vibrator in correspondence with the airtight terminal, there is provided a surface mount type piezoelectric vibrator including a piezoelectric vibrating piece having a pair of exciting electrodes, a first electrode of the pair of exciting electrodes being electrically connected to the lead, and a second electrode thereof being electrically connected to a stem of an airtight terminal, a case of a bottomed cylinder type fixed to the stem to cover the piezoelectric vibrating piece to form an airtight space, a first external electrode terminal electrically conductive to the first electrode by way of the lead, a second external electrode terminal electrically conductive to the second electrode, and a mold resin molded to be formed on surfaces of the case and the

Abstract: A piezoelectric resonator element, comprises: a base made of a piezoelectric material; at least a pair of resonating arms provided in a unified manner with the base and extending in parallel with each other from the base; a portion defining a long groove provided to each of the resonating arms along a longitudinal direction; and a driving electrode provided to the long groove. Each of the resonating arms includes a structure to adjust hardness balance between right and left structures with respect to a virtual central line extending in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus using microwave energy comprises, a magnetron disposed inside a casing, for generating microwave energy; a waveguide for guiding microwave energy; a resonator providing a resonant region in which the microwave energy is resonated; a bulb disposed inside the resonator, and filled with a material which emits light, when excited by the microwave energy; and a rear mirror integrally fixed to a rear of the bulb, for forwardly reflecting light which is rearward emitted from the bulb.

Abstract: An image displaying apparatus which can easily fix an electrode plate to a predetermined position is provided. An electric potential of the electrode plate, a distance between the electrode plate and a first substrate, and a distance between the electrode plate and a second substrate are set so that a Coulomb attracting force acts in the direction in which the electrode plate is come into contact with a shoulder portion of a spacer.

Abstract: A solid-state vacuum device (SSVD) and method for making the same. In one embodiment, the SSVD forms a triode device comprising a substrate having a cavity formed therein. The SSVD further comprises a cathode positioned near the opening of the cavity, wherein the cathode spans over the cavity in the form of a bridge that creates an air gap between the cathode and substrate. In addition, the SSVD further comprises an anode and a grid that is positioned between the anode and cathode. Upon applying heat to the cathode, electrons are released from the cathode, passed through the grid, and received by the anode. In response to receiving the electrons, the anode produces a current. The current received by the anode is controlled by a voltage applied to the grid. Other embodiments of the present invention provide diode, tetrode, pentode, and other higher order device configurations.

Abstract: A surface light source device includes a light source body, first and second electrodes, a light reflecting layer, and a fluorescent layer. The light source body is configured to generate light. The first and second electrodes are each disposed adjacent to a corresponding opposite end portion of the light source body. The first and second electrodes receive a discharge voltage that creates a potential difference across the light source body. The light reflecting layer is disposed at an internal surface of the light source body. The light reflecting layer includes light diffusing particles having at least two sizes. The fluorescent layer is disposed at selected regions of the light source body. Therefore, the light reflecting layer is not deformed by heat and enhances reflectivity without changing a color coordinates.

Abstract: An LED lamp includes at least one LED chip mounted on the principal surface of a substrate and an optical wavelength converting portion, which includes a phosphor for converting the emission of the LED chip into light having a longer wavelength than that of the emission and which covers at least a portion of the LED chip. The side surface of the optical wavelength converting portion has at least one concave curved surface portion.

Abstract: A luminescence cell having a novel structure includes a transparent conductor having a surface on which first and second regions are defined. A first electroluminescence element, including a first organic layer containing an organic luminescence material and a first electrode laminated on the first organic layer, is arranged on the first region. A second electroluminescence element, including a second organic layer containing an organic luminescence material and a second electrode laminated on the second organic layer, is arranged on the second region. The first electrode is physically separated from the second electrode. The first layer is physically separated from the second layer. The first and second organic layers emit light when current flows between the first and second electrodes. The light emitted from the organic layer passes through the transparent conductor and exits the luminescence cell.

Abstract: A flat panel display reduces the line resistance of a driving power supply line and prevents a voltage drop in the driving power supply line so as to obtain uniform resolution and luminance. The flat panel display includes a substrate, a display region formed on the substrate, the display region having a self-luminescent element and VDD lines that supply a driving potential power and/or a source current to the self-luminescent element. Further, a covering member for sealing the display region at least, the covering member being adhered to the substrate to face the substrate and a terminal region formed on one or more edges of the substrate, the terminal region having one or more driving power terminals are provided. In addition, a driving power supply line that connects the driving power terminals to the VDD lines of the display region and a bus conductive unit that is electrically connected to the driving power supply line are provided.

Abstract: It is considered that in the fabricating steps of a TFT substrate, a color filter layer is prepared at the same alignment accuracy. However, since the heat resistance temperature is about 200° C., it could not withstand the process temperature of about 450° C. in the TFT.

Abstract: The invention concerns a panel comprising an electroluminescent organic layer and a photoconductive layer, having sandwiched between said two layers, an intermediate layer of electrodes electrically insulated from one another. The cells of said panel are provided with memory effect which makes them particularly simple to operate; preferably, during the addressing phases, compensation operations are used. By using the openings in an intermediate opaque layer or by using semi-transparent intermediate electrodes, it is possible to adapt simply and economically, at each cell, optical coupling between the electroluminescent layer and the photoconductive layer.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a display module using blue-ray or ultraviolet-ray light sources to excite RGB fluorescent powders to emit light, which comprises a light guide plate, at least one blue-ray or ultraviolet-ray light source, a diffuser plate, a liquid crystal layer and a fluorescent-powder excited layer. The blue-ray or ultraviolet-ray light sources emit a short-wavelength light with the wavelength ranging from 360 to 460 nm; the light guide plate will guide the short-wavelength light to the diffuser plate; the diffuser plate will further diffuse the short-wavelength light; the diffused short-wavelength light will pass through the liquid crystal layer and reach the fluorescent-powder excited layer where the short-wavelength light excites the fluorescent powder to emit light. The excited layer has multiple grids where RGB fluorescent elements are disposed, and each grid has only one single-color fluorescent element.

Abstract: A composite article comprises a substrate having at least a substrate surface and a graded-composition coating disposed on a substrate surface. The composition of the coating material varies substantially continuously across its thickness. The coating reduces the transmission rates of oxygen, water vapor, and other chemical species through the substrate such that the composite article can be used effectively as a diffusion barrier to protect chemically sensitive devices or materials. An organic light-emitting device incorporates such a composite article to provide an extended life thereto.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photomultiplier having a structure for performing a high gain and achieving a higher productivity in a state keeping or improving an excellent high-speed response. In the photomultiplier, an electron-multiplying unit, placed in a sealed container, has a structure that enables an integrated assembly of a focusing electrode, an accelerating electrode, a dynode unit, and an anode. Specifically, by providing a structure for fixing directly the focusing electrode and accelerating electrode at a part of a pair of insulating support members for grasping directly the dynode unit and so on, together with the dynode unit and anode, each of the focusing electrode and accelerating electrode is aligned by using the pair of insulating support members as a reference.

Abstract: In a method for manufacturing an electron tube including a front substrate and a back substrate, a wiring and an electrode are formed on the front substrate and/or the back substrate. A component is mounted on the front substrate and/or the back substrate. A ring-less getter is mounted on at least one of the front substrate, the back substrate and the component. A vessel is assembled and sealed so that the front substrate faces the back substrate. A light is irradiated on the ring-less getter from outside of the sealed vessel, thereby activating the ring-less getter.

Abstract: A plasma display panel includes first and second substrates provided opposing one another with a predetermined gap therebetween. Address electrodes are formed on the first substrate. Barrier ribs defining discharge cells are mounted in a display region between the substrates. Further, discharge sustain electrodes are formed on the second substrate substantially perpendicular to the address electrodes. The electrodes are formed into groups of a predetermined number, and the electrodes include effective segments positioned in the display region, terminal segments positioned in a terminal region outside the display region and having a smaller pitch than that of the effective segments, and intermediate segments interconnecting these segments. In at least one group, lengths of elements of the terminal segments increasingly decrease as a distance from a center of the group is increased.

Abstract: The AC plasma display panel (PDP) has electrodes arranged to correspond to each discharge cell between two substrates, address electrodes for the selection of display cells are formed on one substrate, and a pair of display electrodes for display discharge are formed on the other substrate. The plasma display panel includes a first substrate and a second substrate opposing each other; display electrodes formed along one direction on the first substrate, being parallel to one another; address electrodes formed on the second substrate along the direction intersecting the display electrodes, and being parallel to one another; barrier ribs arranged in the space between the first substrate and the second substrate to define a plurality of discharge cells; and phosphor layers formed in each of the discharge cells. Then, expanded portions are formed in the regions of the address electrodes that correspond to the outermost discharge cells adjacent to the edges of both of the substrates.

Abstract: A plasma display panel includes: an upper substrate; an upper dielectric layer formed on a lower surface of the upper substrate; sustain electrodes disposed in the upper dielectric layer; a lower substrate facing the upper substrate; a lower dielectric layer formed on an upper surface of the lower substrate; address electrodes formed in the lower dielectric layer so as to cross the sustain electrodes; main barrier ribs disposed on the lower dielectric layer so as to define discharge cells corresponding to regions where the sustain electrodes and the address electrodes cross each other; a phosphor layer formed in the discharge cells; and dummy barrier ribs disposed at an outermost portion of the main barrier ribs, and including respective dummy units which protrude from the main barrier ribs toward an outer portion, and which are connected to each other.

Abstract: In a lamp device provided with an arc tube, a principal reflection mirror, and a sub-mirror; a decrease in illumination light, caused by a trigger line disposed to improve the turn-on characteristics of the arc tube, being suppressed. The lamp device include an arc tube having a bulb portion that incorporates electrodes and sealing portions; a principal reflection mirror; a sub-mirror; leads connected to an electrode at an end portion of each of the sealing portions; and a trigger line. The trigger line has a ring-like portion wound around the sealing portion. The trigger line extends from the ring-like portion and has a wiring path that passes a neighborhood of the bulb portion without coming into contact with the bulb portion, further extends along the sealing portion and is connected to the lead. The wiring path is in the same plane that extends through an optical axis.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gas discharge lamp for EUV radiation with an anode (1) and a hollow cathode (2), wherein the hollow cathode (2) has at least two openings (3, 3?) and the anode (1) has a through hole (4), which is characterized in that the longitudinal axes (5, 5?) of the hollow cathode openings (3) have a common point of intersection S lying on the axis of symmetry (6) of the anode opening (4).