Abstract: A travel safety apparatus for a vehicle includes: a first object detector having a first detection area defined by a first detection angle; a second object detector having a second detection area defined by a second detection angle; a motion state determination unit; a collision determination unit determining whether there is possibility of collision of an object detected in at least one of the first detection area and the second detection area to the vehicle based on the motion state; a controller controlling the vehicle so that a collision is avoided; and an object identity determination unit determining whether the first object and the second object are identical, wherein when a first object detected in the first detection area and a second object detected in the second detection area are determined identical, the collision determination unit determines whether there is possibility of collision of the first object to the vehicle.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for airspace navigation. Airspace navigation information for an aircraft is displayed in a first mode, such as, in a horizontal mode. One or more navigation events may then be detected, such as, proximity to a terrain feature, weather, traffic etc. The airspace navigation information for the aircraft is then displayed using dual modes, e.g., a horizontal mode and a vertical mode. Display parameters, such as colors, resolution, distance, scale, etc. may be set automatically or by a user. The display may also include information, such as avionics systems information, and communications information.

Abstract: A system, method, and computer-readable medium having instructions for determining a key press from a current keyboard state at a current time is described. The system stores signals indicative of a last key press, a last key press time, and a last keyboard state. The system determines released keys and pressed keys on the keyboard at the current time based on comparison with the last keyboard state. The system determines a key press at the current time if the first determination determines a single key press and if either of: (a) a match exists between the determined key press and the last key pressed and if the elapsed time between the current time and the last key press time is larger than a preset bounce time; and (b) a match does not exist between the determined key press and the last key press.

Abstract: A compressed pattern matching based on LZW compressed sequences with a simple bitmap-based realization of the Amir-Benson-Farach algorithm is provided. A suffix trie for a searched pattern is determined and a LZW trie is constructed for a compressed data. For each data chunk in the compressed data a variety of information is determined and a node is added to the LZW trie. The queries used to determine the information are implemented through bitmaps, and allowing identification of all occurrence of the searched pattern.

Abstract: A method of compressing ordered binary data, comprising the step of: (a) encoding and summarizing a frame of data to produce an initial super cooled set. The frame of data includes bits of data in a number that is an odd multiple of four. In one embodiment, the method further comprises the step of: (b) compressing the initial super cooled set. Compressing comprises the steps of: embedding the initial super cooled set in a known position within a subsequent frame of data containing uncompressed data; and encoding and summarizing the subsequent frame of data containing the initial super cooled set to produce a subsequent super cooled set. In another embodiment, the method further comprises the steps of: (c) defining the subsequent super cooled set as the initial super cooled set; and (d) repeating steps b and c to produce a super frozen set.

Abstract: Systems and methods of storing previously transmitted data and using it to reduce bandwidth usage and accelerate future communications are described. By using algorithms to identify long compression history matches, a network device may improve compression efficiently and speed. A network device may also use application specific parsing to improve the length and number of compression history matches. Further, by sharing compression histories, compression history indexes and caches across multiple devices, devices can utilize data previously transmitted to other devices to compress network traffic. Any combination of the systems and methods may be used to efficiently find long matches to stored data, synchronize the storage of previously sent data, and share previously sent data among one or more other devices.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for processing analog monitoring signals by using a serial bus. The apparatus includes a multiplexer receiving at least one analog signal and outputting only one of the at least one analog signal in response to a predetermined control signal; an analog-to-digital converter converting the output analog signal into a digital signal; a first controller generating the control signal, outputting the control signal to the multiplexer, and controlling the operation of the analog-to-digital converter; and a bus controller outputting the digital signal via an external serial bus. Accordingly, analog monitoring signals are received, converted into digital data, and output via serial bus even when a large number of analog monitoring signals are present, only if the address input to the apparatus is identical to unique address of the apparatus.

Abstract: The invention relates to a power-saving multibit delta-sigma converter (1) comprising: an input (2) for an analog input signal (ZA) and an output (3) for a digital output signal (ZD); a digital-to-analog converter (4) having a bit width N and serving to convert the digital output signal (ZD) to an analog feedback signal (Z3); a summing device (5) for solving the difference between the input signal (ZA) and the feedback signal (Z3); a filter (6) for filtering the difference signal (Z1); and a clocked quantizing device (7) for quantizing the filtered difference signal (Z2) into a digital output signal (ZD) with the bit width N.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for converting an analog input signal into a digital output signal using a sigma-delta modulator architecture with a digital tracking filter. The digital tracking filter may have and order greater than one, and the signal and noise transfer functions of the sigma-delta modulator architecture are chosen to provide a sigma-delta modulator architecture with a high dynamic range even if a relatively low oversampling ratio is used.

Abstract: A digital-to-analog converting circuit is provided that is capable of, after converting digital data into an analog current, correcting the current value based on digital current correction data without any complex processing. The exemplary digital-to-analog converting circuit can include a first digital-to-analog converting circuit portion and a second digital-to-analog converting circuit portion. First digital data (image data) can input to the first digital-to-analog converting circuit portion, and second digital data (current correction data) can input to the second digital-to-analog converting circuit portion. After the first digital-to-analog converting circuit portion converts the image data into a first analog current, the second digital-to-analog converting circuit portion can correct the first analog current based on the current correction data, and outputs the corrected current as a second analog current.

Abstract: A DAC circuit is described which includes a DAC coupled to an amplifier. The circuit is configured to dynamically change the operating range of the amplifier depending on the circuit operating requirements. In this way the DAC circuit may be operable in one of a plurality of available ranges so as to have an extended range of operation.

Abstract: A D/A converter includes: an (N?1)-stage reference resistor group; an N-stage reference resistor group; inter-stage op-amps applying a divided voltage outputted from voltage taps of the (N?1)-stage reference resistor group, across both ends of the N-stage reference resistor group as the Nth reference voltage; a dynamic range expanding means for arranging the voltage taps in the (N?1)-stage reference resistor group so as to expand upward and downward, to expand an input dynamic range in the N-stage reference resistor group; and expansion resistors arranged respectively at both upper and lower ends of the N-stage reference resistor group in response to upward and downward expanded amounts of the dynamic range.

Abstract: A digital to analog converter (DAC) converting digital data into a corresponding analog voltage is disclosed.

Abstract: For PWM (pulse width modulation), a counter generates a count signal by counting a clock signal 2n times for one period of the count signal. A PWM circuit generates a PWM signal from an n-bit pulse code modulation (PCM) data. The PWM signal includes a first pulse and a second pulse that are symmetric within one period of the count signal for positive and negative values of the n-bit PCM data. A same pulse width for the first and second pulses is determined by a respective value of each bit of the n-bit PCM data excluding the most and least significant bits of the n-bit PCM data.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes an internal resistance (RINT) and a compensation circuit coupled to adjust a slice level specified by a slice signal to a compensated slice level according to a difference between the internal resistance (RINT) and a known resistance (REXT). A reference voltage is coupled to the internal resistance to generate an internal current and is coupled to the known resistance to generate a known current. The compensated slice level is determined according to the internal current and the known current. The compensated slice level may be generated using an analog to digital converter coupled to a digital to analog converter that scale original slice signal based on the internal and known currents.

Abstract: A method and apparatus can be arranged with a correlated double sampler circuit (CDS) for processing an output signal from an imaging device such as a charge-coupled device (CCD) image sensor. The CDS circuit includes an amplifier, a set of capacitors that are dynamically configured for sampling and holding operations, and a reduced number of capacitive digital-to-analog converter (CDAC) circuits, all arranged in a ping-pong architecture. The described ping-pong architecture is useful in digital imaging applications such as digital scanners, digital copiers, digital cameras, and digital camcorders, to name a few.

Abstract: A detection device for detecting a body entering a predetermined range has a transmission means for periodically radiating a pulse-like transmission signal by way of an electromagnetic wave to which a band restriction has been applied, a first reception means and a second reception means, and a judgment means. Each of the reception means performs receiving, as a reception signal, the electromagnetic wave reflected by the body, periodic sampling of the reception signal after a predetermined delay time has elapsed from transmission, and judging, based on a result of the periodic sampling, whether the body exists. The judgment means judges, based on judgment results of each of the first reception means and the second reception means, whether the body has entered into the predetermined range, and outputs a judgment result.

Abstract: A method for asynchronously transmitting bursts of data from a communications terminal to a burst radar transceiver is disclosed. The burst radar can transmit a plurality of bursts, each separated by an inter-burst interval. An inter-burst interval length of the burst radar transceiver can be established. A burst of data at the communications terminal can be formed having a terminal burst interval length less than half the inter-burst interval of the burst radar transceiver. The burst of data can be transmitted a plurality of times from the communications terminal to the burst radar transceiver.

Abstract: A radar processor for controlling detonation of a munition and operable to receive a detonation altitude from an external source is provided. The radar processor is configured to set a first range gate and a reference range gate based on the received detonation altitude, and cause a radar transmitter to operate in a continuous wave mode, for a predetermined period, upon receipt of radar return signals through the first range gate. The radar processor calculates a velocity of the munition from continuous wave return signals, and calculates a time delay for outputting a detonation signal based on the received detonation altitude, the calculated velocity, and a reference altitude of the munition, the altitude of the munition calculated based upon receipt of radar return signals through the reference range gate. The radar transmitter operates in a pulse mode while the munition is outside the reference range gate.

Abstract: A mechanism for coupling a coaxial waveguide to another waveguide. The mechanism includes a lower or matching waveguide and an impedance transformer. A coaxial port couples the coaxial waveguide to the matching waveguide. The matching waveguide has a waveguide impedance which is close to the impedance of the coaxial waveguide. This arrangement allows matching between the coaxial waveguide and the matching waveguide over a wider frequency band. The impedance transformer couples the matching waveguide to the other waveguide. The impedance transformer comprises a single-stage, double-stage, or multi-stage transformer. The mechanism is suitable for coupling an antenna to a coaxial cable interface in a radar or microwave based level measurement or time of flight ranging systems.

Abstract: A device includes an antenna for receiving an incoming signal. A multiplier multiplies the incoming signal with an output from a carrier generator in order to mix down signal the incoming signal. The output of the multiplier is provided to correlators for sequential correlation with a replica code of the mixed down signal provided from a code generator, in order to produce correlation data including I (imaginary) and Q (real) channels. The correlation data is then passed to a signal processor which adjusts appropriately both the code generator and the carrier generator to provide accurate position measurement in indoor environments with multiple diffuse reflections.

Abstract: A method for determining a position of a target is described that includes establishing a reference target position and a measuring location position and measuring a range to the target, an azimuth angle to the target, and an elevation angle to the target. The reference target position, the measuring location position, the measured range to the target, the azimuth angle to the target, and the elevation angle to the target are utilized to calculate a position of the target.

Abstract: A radioterminal includes a wireless communications transmitter, a wireless communications receiver and a GPS receiver. A controller is configured to enable the GPS receiver when the wireless communications receiver is receiving wireless communications, and to disable the GPS receiver when the wireless communications transmitter is transmitting wireless communications. Related methods also are described.

Abstract: A system controllable by an external microcontroller via an interface external to the system includes a radio module, and a GPS receiver. The radio module is adapted to 1) pass messages received via the interface to the GPS receiver via an internal interface, and 2) to receive messages from the GPS receiver via an internal interface and pass them further to the external interface.

Abstract: The invention refers to array antennas consisting of a set of individual sources set out over the surface of the antenna and whose mechanical positioning is determined in such a way as to obtain the desired radiation pattern. The process according to the invention is designed to compensate for the positioning errors of radiating elements occurring when such an antenna is constructed. These positioning errors follow a law that is in theory random and whose result is known by determining the imperfection vector I whose components of real positioning errors measured for each feed of the antenna obtained comprising components forming values of an error function ?(n) where n represents the index attributed to the radiating element in question. The process according to the invention consists in first measuring the positioning errors. It then consists in determining the spatial spectral components making up error function ?(n).

Abstract: An antenna processing method for centered or potentially non-centered cyclostationary signals, comprises at least one step in which one or more nth order estimators are obtained from r-order statistics, with r=1 to n?1, and for one or more values of r, it comprises a step for the correction of the estimator by means of r-order detected cyclic frequencies. The method can be applied to the separation of the emitter sources of the signals received by using the estimator or estimators.

Abstract: A radio geolocation system is described in which a plurality of moving platforms such as aircraft concurrently receive a signal from a remote transmitter and the geolocation of the transmitter is determined. At each platform every thirty seconds a plurality of samples of the received signal are taken over a one second period. The samples are digitized and a time and GPS location stamp are added to each sample. The digitized samples with time and location stamps from all platforms are transmitted to a central location and stored in covariance matrices, one matrix per one second sample period. The signal samples in each matrix are processed utilizing a unique algorithm to generate a data set which defines a correlation surface. The data from a plurality of data sets are summed together on a point by point basis and normalized to yield a summation data set which defines a summation correlation surface.

Abstract: A vertical complementary fractal antenna is provided, which includes a first fractal structure and a second fractal structure. The first fractal structure is defined as a superposition over at least one iteration of a motif, while the second fractal structure has a pattern complementary to that of the first fractal structure. Thus, the antenna may effectively increase bandwidth.

Abstract: An example antenna system includes a parasitic element and a symmetrical element fed by a balanced RF signal source. The fed element is operable to couple with the parasitic element, thereby causing the parasitic element to resonate at a first frequency band. Thus, the fed element is operable to act as a balanced capacitive feed for the parasitic element. Also, the parasitic element is symmetrical with respect to a polarity of the fed element.

Abstract: A reduced noise and selectively configurable plasma device is capable of interpreting electromagnetic signals having an operating frequency and has a plasma mechanism with a plasma that is ionizable to a plasma frequency. An ionizing mechanism for ionizing the plasma and a control that is operative to control the ionizing mechanism, ionize the plasma to the plasma frequency by application of plasma ionizing energy pulses. An interpreting mechanism operates to interpret the electromagnetic signals only in a period between ionization of the plasma with the energy pulses.

Abstract: An antenna device for a computer card device, such as a PCMCIA type card, includes at least a first antenna including a trace on a support element, antenna output means, and a protruding member extending from a housing of the card. The support element, which may include a flexible dielectric film, has a geometric shape that is conformed to the geometric shape of the protruding member.

Abstract: A portable wireless device realizing high-speed transmission in downlink communication in a used state that a foldable portable wireless device is held in a hand of the user and ensuring a high antenna radiation efficiency. In the portable wireless device, platy conductors (1, 3, 4) are arranged in the longitudinal direction on the back of a display section (35) of an upper case (5). The signal of a transmission circuit (25) is distributed by a power distributor (18). One signal is fed to a platy conductor (1) through a phase shifter (17) and the other is fed to the platy conductor (3) or the platy conductor (4) from a high-frequency switch (19) through a transmission/reception duplexer (20) or a transmission/reception duplexer (21). The high-frequency switch (19) selectively feeds power to either the platy conductor (3) or the platy conductor (4) according to the signal from a gravity sensor (26).

Abstract: A wireless communications antenna system (100) includes a main circuit element (102) having a feed device (104) with an active port (108) and a grounding port (110), where the grounding port is coupled to a grounding device (106) of the main circuit element, a generally planar antenna element (112) having a feeding portion (114) coupled to the active port of the feed device, where the antenna element is electrically ungrounded, and a generally planar secondary circuit element (116) having a grounding portion (118) coupled to the grounding device. The secondary circuit element is positioned in proximity to the antenna element and the antenna element and the secondary circuit element are generally parallel and separated by a gap (X). Further, at least a portion of the secondary circuit element at least partially overlaps the antenna element.

Abstract: Antenna constructions for electronic devices and methods of manufacturing such antenna constructions. The electronic device comprises a transponder and an antenna electrically coupled with the transponder. The antenna has a core of a first material and a coating of a second material on the core. The second material has a higher electrical conductivity than the first material and/or a lower permeability than the first material. The coating on the core also has a predetermined thickness. The electronic devices may be used in tires.

Abstract: A resonant detection or identification antenna having at least one turn the antenna includes at least one electrically conducting wire and is connected to an electronic transponder chip, the operating frequency of the antenna being greater than or equal to 10 MHz and the area defined by the at least one turn being substantially less than or equal to 0.30 m2. The total capacitance of the antenna is substantially greater than or equal to 140 pF and the Q-factor of the at least one turn is substantially greater than or equal to 30.

Abstract: An antenna system includes a base, a turntable rotatably mounted on the base, and an elevation assembly carried on the turntable. An antenna is carried by the elevation assembly. The turntable has an antenna relief opening therein to permit the elevation assembly to position a lower portion of the antenna therein. The antenna system may further include an RF absorbing shroud carried by the turntable and that has an antenna receiving recess to receive the antenna therein. The antenna receiving recess may have lower portions extending into the antenna relief opening of the turntable.

Abstract: An antenna includes first, second and third waveguides in direct communication with a base waveguide at first, second and third positions, respectively, the base waveguide forming a continuous loop. The second position, at which the second waveguide is in direct communication with the base waveguide, is spaced apart from the first position by about one-sixth the circumference of the loop. The third position, at which the third waveguide is in direct communication with the base waveguide, is spaced apart from the first position by about one-sixth the circumference of the loop, and is uninterruptedly spaced apart from the second position, without extending through the first position, by about two-thirds the circumference of the loop. The first, second and third waveguides comprise closed-channel waveguides, and the second and third waveguides have an open end and are configured to radiate electromagnetic waves and/or focus radiating electromagnetic waves.

Abstract: An antenna device having a primary radiator that includes a transmitting section formed of a cylindrical waveguide extending parallel to a direction in which the front of the antenna device faces (front direction), and a rectangular horn-shaped radiant section extending perpendicular to the front direction. A waveguide whose central axis in the extending direction corresponds to that of the transmitting section of the primary radiator is connected to an end of the transmitting section via a rotary joint so as to be rotatable. A first reflector is of an offset parabolic type, and is disposed above the primary radiator in a predetermined position with respect to the primary radiator such that a predetermined directivity is obtained. A second reflector is parabolic in the vertical direction, and is toric in the horizontal direction. The second reflector is disposed below the primary radiator in a predetermined position with respect to the primary radiator such that a predetermined directivity is obtained.

Abstract: A communication device (310) is provided that includes a nano-sized RF antenna (100) having low power consumption and wide-range frequency spectrum based on bottom-up nanotechnology. The antenna (100) includes an insulator layer (110) positioned between a free magnetic layer (112) and a fixed magnetic layer (108). A DC voltage source (124) is coupled to the free magnetic layer (112) and the fixed magnetic layer (108) for providing a current (118) therethrough. A detector (126) is coupled between the antenna (100) and the DC voltage source (124) for detecting a change in the current (118) in response to a radiated signal being received by the antenna (100) which causes a change in the spin on electrons in the free magnetic layer (112).

Abstract: Reconfiguration of parasitically controlled elements in a phased array is used to expand the range of operational functions. Embedded array elements can be frequency tuned, and bandwidth can be improved by using reconfiguration to broaden the bandwidth of the embedded elements. For high gain arrays, beam squint can be a limiting factor on instantaneous bandwidth. Reconfiguration can alleviate this problem by providing control of the element phase centers. Scan coverage can be improved and scan blindness alleviated by controlling the embedded antenna patterns of the elements as well as by providing control of the active impedance as the beam is scanned. Applying limited phase control to the elements themselves can alleviate some of the complexity of the feed manifold. A presently preferred method of designing reconfigurable antennas is to selectively place controlled parasitic elements in the aperture of each of the antenna elements in the phased array.

Abstract: The biconical loop antenna is the dual and compliment to the biconical dipole antenna, and has broadband omnidirectional horizontally polarized radiation. The antenna includes a conductive antenna body having first and second opposing ends with a medial portion therebetween. The antenna body has a slot extending from at least adjacent the first end to at least adjacent the second end, and the medial portion of the antenna body is wider than the opposing ends. First and second body portions may be conical antenna elements connected together at their respective bases. Antenna feed points are at the medial and chine portion of the antenna body adjacent the slot.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus is mounted at a wheel rim as a transponder of a system for monitoring a tire pressure or the like, and attached at an end portion of an air valve. The apparatus includes a circuit board having an electronic circuit portion and a grounding conductor layer, a sheet-metal inverse-F type antenna element, a sheet-metal shield case conducting to the grounding conductor layer to cover the electronic circuit portion, and a resin case for accommodating these components. One side surface extending in a longitudinal direction of a space defined between the circuit board and the radiating conductor of the antenna element faces one of sidewalls of a tire, and the other side surface thereof faces a wall surface of the wheel rim with a distance interposed therebetween, the distance being about one-fourth of a wavelength of a radio wave to be used.

Abstract: An image displaying device includes a first display portion capable of changing display contents and provided at a surface side of a main body, a second display portion capable of changing display contents and provided at a lower surface side of the main body and a detector which detects a turning-over of the main body. The display contents of the first or second display portion is changed by a display controller depending on detected results of the detector.

Abstract: A display device includes communication ports at its four corners. A data processor includes a communication port which can be connected to one of the communication ports of the display device. In a state where the data processor is in connection with the display device, the data processor reads data stored in the display device according to predetermined instructions of a user, performs processing according to the predetermined instructions, and transfers the processed data to the display device.

Abstract: In general, the invention is directed to techniques by which visual data is mapped to one or more display devices as a function of the positions of the display devices. The invention may support mapping of visual data to any number of display devices, which may cooperate to display the visual data as if the display devices were a single, large display device. In addition, the invention supports dynamic monitoring of the positions of display devices, with the visual data being mapped to a display device changing as the position of each display device changes.

Abstract: An edge lighting system has a plurality of light sources, such as light emitting diodes (LEDs) mounted at spaced-apart intervals along a rail that is disposed adjacent to an edge of a display surface. Orifices formed in the rail in which the light sources are inserted are sized to enable each light source to move freely into contact with the edge of the display surface when urged by a force provided by a compressed elastomeric member to provide a uniform illumination as the light is internally reflected in the material comprising the display surface. The light sources extend beyond a concave (parabolic) surface on the rail that reflects light from the light sources into the edge. Any object approaching the display surface is illuminated by the light being conveyed within the material.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide electrostatic discharge damage protection during manufacturing and to suppress power consumption as low as possible during ordinary use of the electronic device having been manufactured, with avoidance of the problem of electric corrosion. An electronic device 10 comprising an array of pixels 12 wherein row and column address lines 18, 20 for addressing each pixel 12 are arranged. Each address line is connected to a discharge line 30, 32 through a discharge 38. The circuit allows the passage of charge between the address line and the first discharge line 30 when the address line is at a potential below that of the first discharge line, and allows the passage of charge between the address line and the second discharge line 32 when the address line is at a potential above that of the second discharge line.

Abstract: Disclosed is a PDP driving method which may include generating subfield information that shows ON/OFF states of discharge cells from among a plurality of subfields from input image signals, generating address information that shows ON/OFF states of the discharge cells per subfield from the subfield data, counting the number of the discharge cells that are ON from among the discharge cells from the address data, and controlling a waveform applied during a reset period of a subsequent subfield.

Abstract: A PDP image processing method for dividing an image of a field displayed on the PDP into subfields in correspondence to an input image signal, representing gray scales according to combinations of the subfields, and displaying an image corresponding to the image signal. Image signals of a current input frame and a previous input frame are used. A contour noise stage is determined through calculating coding errors and mean gray scale differences. The applicability of the current input image signal to the contour noise stage is determined. Whether to apply dithering is determined. The gray scale of the current input image signal is converted into a gray scale for reducing the contour noise by using dithering, when it is determined to apply dithering.

Abstract: A plasma display improved in variation of display brightness between unit cells. A control circuit sets, for every pulse, a charge-recovering time period for recovering a charge on a capacitance component of the plasma display panel and a clamp timing period for applying a predetermined sustain voltage to the sustain electrodes or the scan electrodes after the charge-recovering time period through clamp start timing, and sets a sustain-discharge emission intensity ratio, as a ratio of a maximal discharge intensity in the clamp timing period with reference to a discharge intensity in the clamp start timing to a maximum discharge intensity in the charge-recovering time period, at a value that a discharge in the clamp timing period is to spread up to an end of the unit cell. For example, the control circuit sets a sustain-discharge emission intensity ratio substantially at 0.5 or greater or 0.1 or smaller, thus eliminating the occurrence of image retention.