Abstract: A broadband integrated receiver for receiving input signals and outputting composite video and audio signals is disclosed. The receiver employs an up-conversion mixer and a down-conversion mixer in series to produce an intermediate signal. An intermediate filter between the mixers performs coarse channel selection. The down-conversion mixer may be an image rejection mixer to provide additional filtering.

Abstract: There is provided a plasma display apparatus capable of reducing the cost and complexity of fitting circuit boards to a chassis base. The plasma display apparatus comprises a plasma display panel (PDP), a chassis base having a first side attached to the PDP, the first side also supporting the PDP, and circuit boards provided at a second side of the chassis base opposite to the first side attached to the PDP. The chassis base has at least one boss and at least one supporter disposed thereon, which correspond to holes disposed in a circuit board.

Abstract: A stereoscopic image display device including a light source and a light controller for selectively transmitting or blocking light provided by the light source. The light controller includes a first substrate, and first and second electrodes alternatively formed on the first substrate along a first direction. The first and second electrodes are spaced apart from each other at a predetermined interval. The first and second electrodes are electrically connected, respectively, to first and second connection electrodes. The light controller also includes a second substrate which is substantially parallel to the first substrate, and third and fourth electrodes alternately formed on the second substrate along a second direction. The third and fourth electrodes are spaced apart from each other at a predetermined interval. The third and forth electrodes are electrically connected, respectively, to third and fourth connection electrodes.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a thin film transistor formed on a substrate, the thin film transistor including a gate electrode; a gate insulation film formed on the gate electrode and the substrate; and a storage capacitor connected to the drain electrode, the storage capacitor being above the gate insulation film.

Abstract: There is disclosed a liquid crystal display device that is adaptive for preventing the driving device defect of a driving circuit part and a method of fabricating the same. A liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a driving device of a structure that a plurality of thin film transistor having a channel of poly silicon are connected in parallel, in a driving circuit, and wherein at least one of widths of the channels and distances between the adjacent channels is different in accordance with their location.

Abstract: The present invention provides a technique that is capable of preventing a separation of elements of the display panel of a slim display device in which the bending radius of a flexible printed circuit is small. A flexible printed circuit connects to a first side of the display panel proximate to an end surface of the display panel and is bent in the vicinity of the end surface, and a part of the flexible printed circuit is disposed between the back of a backlight and a holder. The holder has an opening or a depression in the vicinity of an end surface of the backlight corresponding to the end surface of the display panel. The flexible printed circuit has a portion which is deflected so that a portion thereof projects into a space in the opening or the depression in the holder, as viewed in section.

Abstract: A jig for delivering a plastic plate used to make a lighter and thinner liquid crystal display plate and a method of fabricating a liquid crystal display are provided. The jig includes a support substrate, an adhesive layer disposed at the support substrate, and an adhesive agent layer disposed at the adhesive layer and surrounded by the adhesive layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) panel that has even luminance with high picture quality is disclosed. The LCD panel includes a first substrate provided with a plurality of gate and data lines, the gate lines being arranged to cross the data lines to define a plurality of pixel regions in a matrix arrangement; a second substrate provided with a black matrix layer to shield portions other than the pixel region from light; and a liquid crystal layer injected between the first and second substrates, wherein the pixel regions at a surrounding portion have an aperture ratio lower than that of the pixel regions at the other portions.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device includes a first substrate, a second substrate arranged oppositely to the first substrate, and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first and second substrates. Preferably, the first substrate includes a gate wiring, a gate terminal part formed at an end of the first substrate and provided with a gate terminal to which a signal to the gate wiring is inputted, a source wiring intersecting with the gate wiring through an insulating film, a switching element connected to the source wiring, a pixel electrode connected to the source wiring through the switching element, and a common electrode arranged oppositely to the pixel electrode. Preferably, the second substrate includes a light shielding film formed on the side of the first substrate and arranged at a position corresponding to the gate wiring, and a cutting where the light shielding film is cut in a pixel near the gate terminal part.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is provided, which includes: a substrate; a color filter formed on the substrate, and having a depression and an opening; a common electrode formed on the color filter, and having a depression; and a black member formed on the common electrode and located at the depressions of the common electrode.

Abstract: A transflective type LCD device and a method for manufacturing the same is disclosed, in which an aperture ratio of a reflective part is improved, and manufacturing process is simplified by decreasing the number of masks for forming contact holes. The transflective type LCD device includes a plurality of gate and data lines crossing each other, defining a plurality of pixel regions; a thin film transistor at a crossing point of the gate and data lines; a lower storage electrode formed by one portion of a preceding gate line, and an upper storage electrode above the lower storage electrode having a gate insulating layer in between; a transmitting electrode in contact the upper storage electrode; and a reflective electrode in contact with the transmitting electrode in the reflective part of the pixel region wherein the transmitting electrode is in between the reflective electrode and the substrate.

Abstract: An LCD device has data lines and drain electrodes that are not open at crossing areas overlapped with gate lines and gate electrodes. The LCD device includes a gate line arranged on a substrate and having a portion bent angularly and inwardly; a gate electrode projecting from the gate line; a gate insulating layer on the surface of the substrate; a data line overlapped with some of the bent portion of the gate line, the data line perpendicular to the gate line to define a pixel region; a source electrode projecting from the data line; a drain electrode on the gate insulating layer at a fixed interval from the source electrode; an active layer below the data line, the source electrode and the drain electrode; and a pixel electrode in the pixel region.

Abstract: A display device with a plurality of gate signal lines extended in the first direction; a plurality of drain signal lines extended in the second direction; a plurality of pixel regions in a state that each pixel region includes a switching device, a pixel electrode which is connected with the drain signal line and a counter electrode. The counter electrode is formed with respect to the pixel electrode by way of an insulation film and is formed every pixel. The pixels include first pixels and second pixels, wherein only the first pixels have a counter voltage signal line which extends in the first direction, and the counter voltage signal line is connected with the counter electrodes in the first pixels. Further, the counter electrodes of the first pixels and the counter electrodes of the second pixels are electrically connected with each other using conductive stride over the gate signal line.

Abstract: A display device includes an insulated substrate, a thin film transistor formed over the insulated substrate, and first and second electrodes formed over the insulated substrate. A first insulating layer is formed over the insulated substrate, the first electrode, and the second electrode, and third and fourth electrodes are formed over the first insulating layer. A second insulating layer is formed over the first insulating layer, the third electrode, and the fourth electrode, and a fifth electrode formed over the second insulating layer, and a contact hole is formed in the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer. The fifth electrode is connected to the second electrode via the fourth electrode in the contact hole.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide the multi-domain system IPS (In-Plane Switching mode) liquid crystal display which has high contrast and does not have an improper image display. According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a black matrix formed between a pair of substrates and formed over a plurality of drain lines and gate lines, a plurality of spaces arranged under the black matrix, wherein a plurality of liquid crystal molecules lined to a boundary direction of the black matrix in “OFF” state, and having a first group and a second group in “ON” state, wherein a switching angle of the second group is opposite to a switching angle of the first group.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the provision of a display apparatus that can achieve an improvement in display quality by adjusting the wiring resistance ratio of wiring lines.

Abstract: A display device has a first flexible substrate having a connection terminal and a driver integrated circuit for supplying driving signals. A second flexible substrate is connected to the connection terminal of the first flexible substrate. A pair of display panels are connected to the respective first and second flexible substrates for sharing driving signals supplied by the driver integrated circuit to drive the display panels.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having a high quality able to prevent deterioration etc. of a liquid crystal panel even when a liquid crystal panel used in a light valve of a projector etc. is operated under a high temperature and high humidity environment and a projection type display apparatus using the liquid crystal display device, wherein a liquid crystal layer 16 is sandwiched between a pair of substrates formed by bonding a TFT array substrate 11 and a counter substrate 12 by a sealing material 15 so that they face each other across a predetermined gap, the sealing material 15 contains a nonconductive filler having a mean particle size of less than 0.5 ?m, a liquid crystal material used in the liquid crystal layer 16 is set in its refractive index anisotropy an at room temperature to 0.16 or more, and a cell gap d of an interval between the TFT array substrate 11 and the counter substrate 12 is set at 3 ?m or less.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display panel, by controlling the number or a size of a support member added to a seal pattern for attaching two substrate of a liquid crystal display panel to each other, in case that the seal pattern is formed at an upper surface of a black matrix or of an over-coast layer formed of an organic film material, outer air is prevented from flowing into an image display part, and the seal pattern is prevented from being broken, so that it may be minimized that a deficiency occurs in the liquid crystal display panel.

Abstract: A principal object of the present invention is to provide a substrate for a liquid crystal display not undergoing mura called gravity defect because the amount of deformation in a small load region is large and having a uniformity of the panel and an adequate recovery factor against a local load. In order to achieve the aforementioned object, the present invention provides the substrate for a liquid crystal display comprises at least a transparent substrate and a columnar spacer formed on the transparent substrate. The substrate is characterized in that the amount of initial deformation A of the spacer measured by a predetermined measurement method is 0.04 ?m or more and the amount of plastic deformation B is 0.7 ?m or less.

Abstract: An LCD panel includes an array substrate, a color filter substrate positioned above the array substrate, a dielectric layer disposed on the array substrate facing the color filter substrate, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the array substrate and the color filter substrate. The color filter substrate includes a plurality of red pixel regions, green pixel regions, and blue pixel regions, and the dielectric layer has different thickness corresponding to the red pixel regions, the green pixel regions, and the blue pixel regions. Accordingly, the liquid crystal layer has a first thickness corresponding to the blue pixel regions, a second thickness corresponding to the green pixel regions, and a third thickness corresponding to the red pixel regions. The first thickness is less than the second thickness, and the second thickness is less than the third thickness.

Abstract: The gate bus lines, the data bus lines, TFTs, etc. are formed on one glass substrate. Also, linear structures arranged in parallel with the gate bus lines are formed simultaneously with any one of the gate bus lines and the data bus lines. Then, a positive resist film is formed over the substrate, and then only a surface layer is cured by irradiating the ultraviolet ray onto the resist film. Then, the annealing is applied to the resist film. Since the linear structures are present under the resist film, a cross section of the resist film is corrugated by the annealing and thus wrinkle-like roughness extending in the almost same direction as the structures are formed on the surface. Then, the reflective electrode is formed on the resist film.

Abstract: A position measurement device 29 measures the position of a position measurement mark 26 formed on the lower surface of a reticle 1, thereby measuring the position of the reticle 1. A position measurement device 30 measures the position of the position measurement mark 27 formed on the lower surface of a lower lid 2b, thereby measuring the position of the lower lid 2b. The relative displacement of the reticle 1 and lower lid 2b is known when the position of the reticle 1 and the position of the lower lid 2b are known. Therefore, when the lower lid 2b having the reticle 1 loaded thereon is carried with a carrying device and set in an exposure device, the stop position of the lower lid 2b is determined by taking this displacement into account. As a result, the reticle 1 can be correctly set in the exposure device.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus exposes a substrate by projecting an image of a predetermined pattern through a liquid onto the substrate. The exposure apparatus includes a projection optical system which projects the image of the pattern onto the substrate, a liquid supply mechanism which supplies the liquid onto the substrate to form a liquid immersion area on a part of the substrate including a projection area of the projection optical system, a liquid recovery mechanism which recovers the liquid on the substrate at a liquid recovery position apart from the projection area, and a trap member which is arranged outside the liquid recovery position of the liquid recovery mechanism with respect to the projection area and which is formed with a liquid trap surface for capturing the liquid.

Abstract: A system is used to substantially reduce divergence of a beam traveling between master and power oscillators, for example in a laser beam source. The system comprises the first and second oscillators and a beam conditioning device. The first oscillator is configured to generate a radiation beam. The beam conditioning device is configured to stabilize a position, a direction, a size, or a divergence of the radiation beam to produce a conditioned beam. The second oscillator configured to amplify the conditioned beam to produce an amplified beam.

Abstract: Laser amplification methods and apparatuses. With the invention, one can increase laser intensity on a target by computing a distance to the target, based upon the distance determining an ultra short laser pulse that will in traveling through a medium compress to approximately a minimum width, and emitting the pulse at the target, whereby an intensity of the pulse is approximately maximized upon contact with the target. One can also amplify and detect a laser return signal by receiving the laser return signal, amplifying the received return signal by optical parametric amplification and detecting the amplified signal. One can further perform spectroscopy by determining an ultra short laser pulse such that the pulse compresses and then expands in traveling through a medium, emitting the pulse at a target, and performing spectroscopic analysis of the pulse after propagation.

Abstract: A system and method of imaging an object. An array of detectors is mounted in an image plane. Each detector in the array of detectors is connected to a timing circuit having an interpolator, wherein the interpolator includes a first circuit which charges a first capacitor at a different rate than it discharges. An optical pulse is transmitted toward an object so that a portion of the optical pulse is reflected from the object as a reflected pulse and a first value representative of when the optical pulse was transmitted toward the object is recorded. The reflected pulse is detected at one or more detectors and a pulse characteristic of the pulse and a second value representative of when the reflected pulse arrived at the detector are recorded. Range to the object is then calculated as a function of the first and second values and the reflected pulse characteristic.

Abstract: A phase measurement method is disclosed, which includes inputting a predetermined voltage to the photodiode; receiving an optical signal and transforming into an electrical signal; generating a sampled signal with a signal transforming process; determining whether the amplitude value of the sampled signal in a predetermined range or not; if the amplitude of the sampled signal is not in the predetermined amplitude range, adjusting the predetermined voltage and receiving the optical signal and judging again until the amplitude value falls into the predetermined amplitude range; if the amplitude of the sampled signal is in the predetermined amplitude range, calculating the first phase value; and judging whether the predetermined voltage adjusted or not. If the predetermined voltage has been adjusted, calculating the compensating phase value and the second phase value in accordance with the adjusted predetermined voltage.

Abstract: An aggregometer has a radiation path along which radiation can pass, a sample receiving area located along the radiation path, a short-wavelength LED that transmits radiation along the radiation path through the sample receiving area, a detector positioned along the radiation path for detecting radiation transmitted from the short-wavelength LED, and a processor that controls intensity of radiation transmitted from the short-wavelength LED.

Abstract: The measurement of the particle size distribution of an aerosol is of crucial importance in pharmaceutical development. A prerequisite for this is a valid method, e.g. the cascade impactor method described in the pharmacopoeias. It requires measurement of the active substance concentration in order to determine the particle size distribution. The invention provides a process which makes it possible to measure the size of aerosol droplets containing pharmaceutical substances which are unstable in the event of changes in the pH.

Abstract: A temperature compensating method and apparatus uses a front sensor to measure a first power of a light-emitting unit emitting a light, and a thermal sensor to measure the temperature of the light-emitting unit. The temperature is inputted into an I/O unit to figure out a second power from the equations of the temperature and power. Then, the first and second powers are inputted into a controller to adjust the power of the light-emitting unit, or the second powers are inputted into a write strategy to change an output clock to adjust the energy of the light without changing the power of the light-emitting unit. The optical disc device has the effect of the temperature compensation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a measuring device (01) for measuring the refraction properties of optical lenses (07), especially spectacle glasses, comprising a measuring light grid (20) for producing a plurality of light beams (16) which are deflected by the lens (07) as a result of refraction of light, and comprising a measuring light detector (12) on which the deflected light beams are projected and are there recorded electronically, and comprising an evaluation device in which the refraction properties of the lens (07) are determined from the measurement signals of the measuring light detector (12), wherein an additional measuring system (14, 20) for electronic measurement of the geometry of the front lens surface (18) and/or the rear lens surface (19) is provided in the device, wherein the measurement result of the additional measuring system (14) is included in the determination of the refraction properties of the lens (07) in the evaluation device.

Abstract: A method for enabling a vehicle wheel alignment system to compensate an imaging sensor coordinate system for changes associated with adjustments to the pose of an imaging sensor, following movement of a vehicle lift mechanism supporting a vehicle undergoing a vehicle wheel alignment procedure.

Abstract: There is provided an evaluation method of a reflective optical element on which a multilayer film is formed, including the step of calculating a phase difference between light incident upon the multilayer film and light reflected from the multilayer film using a standing wave produced when introducing light with a wavelength of 2 to 40 into the optical element.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device production process for forming a circuit pattern on a substrate such as semiconductor device. To enable a stable inspection of a minute foreign particle and a pattern defect occurring in manufacture of a device at a high speed and with a high sensitivity, an object to be inspected on which a transparent film is formed, is irradiated with a beam which is emitted from an illuminator whose illumination direction and illumination angle are selected from a plurality of choices to be optimum, so that scattered reflected light from a minute foreign particle defect on the object or the transparent film is effectively detected by eliminating a noise from the pattern formed on the object, and a detection optical system is optimized by evaluating and adjusting, with an image forming performance checker, an image forming performance of the detection optical system included in an inspecting apparatus.

Abstract: A method of performing a measurement of properties of a sample, by directing a first beam of light at the sample, where a combination of the wavelength, energy, and length of time is sufficient to cause temporary damage to the sample. The first beam is reflected from the sample. The properties of the reflected beam are sensed to create a signal. A length of time is waited, sufficient for the damage to substantially heal, before a second beam of light is directed at the sample, where a combination of the wavelength, energy, and length of time is sufficient to cause temporary damage to the sample. The second beam is reflected from the sample. The properties of the reflected beam are sensed to create a signal. The first and second electrical signals are analyzed to determine the properties of the sample.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and a corresponding method for detecting scratches on the surface (2) of a material, in particular glass. Said device comprises an illumination unit (3) and a recording unit (4), which register a scanning line (6) on the surface (2) of the material and can be displaced in relation to said surface (2). In order to more accurately identify scratches, the illumination unit (3) comprises at least one light strip (9), which generates parallel light pools transversally to the scanning line (6), said pools being diffuse or quasi-diffuse along the scanning line (6) and preferably at least one light source (16), which generates a diffuse or quasi-diffuse light transversally to the scanning line (6).

Abstract: A property of a fluid is determined spectroscopically, such as for the purposes of in vivo blood analysis. First the position of a volume of interest through which the fluid flows is determined by an optical detection step by making use of an objective. Preferably the optical detection step is an imaging step. Next the objective is moved to bring the focal point of the objective into coincidence with the volume of interest. In this position an optical spectroscopic step is performed. This has the advantage that the measurement beam for performing the optical spectroscopy travels along the optical axis for optimum efficiency.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods of preparing substrates that enhance the Raman signal of analytes in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The SERS-active substrate comprises an array of metal nanoparticles at least partially embedded in a template. The substrate's uniform and readily reproducible SERS-active properties with a wide range of analyte concentrations substantially enhance the power and utility of SERS. This invention also provides sensors, as well as Raman instruments, comprising the SERS-active substrates.

Abstract: Hybrid plasma monitor. A ground electrode is spaced apart from a high voltage electrode supporting an electric discharge therebetween to generate a plasma. The ground electrode and the high voltage electrode form an annular region into which a sample is introduced for generating a plasma. Microwave radiation couples into the plasma to sustain the plasma. A light detector such as a spectrometer receives light resulting from atomic emissions from the sample to analyze elements in the sample.

Abstract: Pulse excitation light, emitted from a laser light source 10, is scanned in a first direction by a first scanning means 100, scanned in a second direction, perpendicular to the first direction, by a second scanning means 120, converged by an objective optical system 140, and illuminated onto sample 50. Fluorescences, emitted from sample 50, are output from objective optical system 140 to second scanning means 120, scanned in the second direction, perpendicular to the first direction, and output to a light separation means 110 by second scanning means 120, output from light separation means 110 to a streak camera, and recorded as variations of time of the fluorescence intensities by streak camera 30. Fluorescence lifetimes are calculated based on these variations with time of the fluorescence intensities and a fluorescence lifetime distribution image is prepared.

Abstract: An apparatus for fluorescence observation includes an excitation filter which transmits only exciting light of an specific wavelength among illumination light, and an absorption filter which blocks the exciting light and transmits only fluorescence generated from a specimen when the exciting light is irradiated to the specimen. Here, an interval of a half-value wavelength at a long-wavelength side of the excitation filter and a half-value wavelength at a short-wavelength side of the absorption filter is in a width between 1 nm to 6 nm, and change of the half-value wavelength of the excitation filter and the absorption filter when humidity changes from 10% to 95%, is 0.5 nm or less.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring particle motion using electromagnetic radiation uses beams of radiation modulated with a distinct frequency and/or phase. A particle traversing these beams scatters a portion of the radiation. Scattered radiation, which retains its modulation information, is then detected, and a cross-correlation technique is used to quantify the particle's motion, for example, particle velocity.

Abstract: A method of measuring a position of a mark in a chamber, a pressure inside the chamber being different from a pressure outside the chamber. The method includes a first detection step of illuminating a reference mark fixedly disposed in the chamber using a first illuminator disposed inside the chamber, and detecting the reference mark using a detector disposed outside the chamber. The method also includes a second detection step of illuminating a mark, which is movable with respect to the reference mark in the chamber, using a second illuminator disposed inside the chamber, and detecting the mark using the detector. The method further includes a calculation step of calculating a position of the mark with respect to the reference mark based on detection results of the first and second detection steps.

Abstract: A calibration standard, for calibrating lateral or angular dimensional measurement systems, is provided. The standard may include a first substrate spaced from a second substrate. The standard may be cross-sectioned in a direction substantially perpendicular or substantially non-perpendicular to an upper surface of the first substrate. The cross-sectioned portion of the standard may form a viewing surface of the calibration standard. The standard may include at least one layer disposed between the first and second substrates. The layer, or a feature etched into the first or second substrate or a feature etched into the layer may have a traceably measured thickness or may be oriented at a traceably measured angle with respect to the viewing surface. A thickness or angle of the layer or other feature may be traceably measured using any technique for calibrating a measurement system with a standard reference material traceable to a national testing authority.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are herein disclosed which utilize a ratio based on a varied angle of incidence of light on an optical fiber analysis system. By calculating the ration of light incident on the sample element, variations in the system parameters which can provide deleterious effects are obviated.

Abstract: A measuring apparatus and a measuring method are configured to measure a concentration of an organic solvent in a sample solution, measure a concentration of the organic solvent in a concentration control solution, calculate a mixture amount by which the concentration control solution is mixed into the sample solution of a preset amount so that the concentration of the organic solvent in the sample solution is equal to a preset concentration based on the two concentrations, mix the concentration control solution of the calculated mixture amount with the sample solution of the preset amount, supply a mixture solution obtained by the mixing unit to a measurement region in which a bioactive substance is immobilized in advance, and measure an interaction between the bioactive substance and the sample substance in the mixture solution based on a result of measuring a refraction index of a light incident on the measurement region.

Abstract: A system and a method for finding integer solutions of equations whose graphs are conic sections. The system provides a physical implementation of a geometric formulation of integer solutions of conic sections. The system includes a first source of waves and an arrangement of a plurality of reflectors to provide a lattice of interference patterns of standing waves in a plane, the lattice representing intersections at integer values. The system also includes a second source of waves and a detector provided along a curve that, with the second source, defines a cone of waves, which intersects with the plane of the lattice to provide a conic section. The detector finds points of intersection of the lattice and the conic section to determine integer solutions of the conic section. The conic section may be y=N/x, in which case the integer solutions provide a factorization into integers of N.

Abstract: A spectrometer for use with a desired wavelength range includes an array of filters. Each filter outputs at least two non-contiguous wavelength peaks within the desired wavelength range. The array of filters is spectrally diverse over the desired wavelength range, and each filter in the array of filters outputs a spectrum of a first resolution. An array of detectors has a detector for receiving an output of a corresponding filter. A processor receives signals from each detector, and outputs a reconstructed spectrum having a second resolution, the second resolution being higher than any of the first resolution of each filter.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for calibrating a fiber optic gyroscope is provided. A method is provided for calibrating a fiber optic gyroscope. First and second portions of light from a first light source are propagated through a fiber optic line in respective first and second directions. A first voltage that causes a predetermined phase shift between the first and second portions of the light from the first light source is calculated. First and second portions of light from a second light source are propagated through the fiber optic line in the respective first and second directions. A second voltage that causes the predetermined phase shift between the first and second portions of the light from the second light is calculated. A difference between the first voltage and the second voltage is then calculated.