Abstract: An inspection apparatus is disclosed having an radiation system configured to provide an radiation beam, a beamnsplitter configured to create, from the radiation beam, a first illumination beam and a second illumination beam directed to a planar reference part of a sample and a patterned part of the sample, respectively, and a beam detector configured to detect a detection beam, the detection beam comprising a recombination of radiation scattered from the planar reference part and the patterned part.

Abstract: A 4Pi microscope provided with an interferometer wherein two lenses (31, 33) are arranged in such a way that they are opposite to each other on different sides of a sample plane (35); also comprising an optical element (19) which is used to inject illuminating light (3) into the interferometer and/or used to discharge detection light (41) from the interferometer and to deflect a detection beam path, containing a reflecting means (51) which reflects illuminating light discharged by the optical element back into the interferometer and/or which allows detection light which is deflected onto the deflection beam to pass, also reflecting other discharged detection light which is not deflected onto the detection beam path into the interferometer.

Abstract: Various systems and methods of lighting a display are disclosed. In one embodiment, for example, a method includes applying a voltage waveform to the interferometric modulators, applying a voltage pulse to the interferometric modulators, detecting reflectivity of light from the interferometric modulators, and determining one or more quality parameters of the interferometric modulators based on the detecting reflectivity of light, where the applied voltage pulse causes the interferometric modulators to vary between an actuated and a non-actuated state, or an non-actuated state and an actuated state.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a three-dimensional image measuring apparatus comprising: an XYZ shaft transfer means mounted onto a base member; a work stage mounted to the base member, for moving a measuring object to a measuring position and thereafter supporting it and having a predetermined reference surface set at a side thereof; an image obtaining means in which it is moved toward X, Y and Z shafts by the XYZ shaft transfer means, scans a grating image by the frequency of N times to a side of the measuring object supported and fixed to the work stage, obtains the changed grating image by the measuring object by N times; a light emitting means mounted to a side of the image obtaining means for generating and emitting light with a predetermined wavelength; and a control unit which irradiates light generated from the light emitting means mounted to a side of the image obtaining means to the reference surface set the side of the work stage, receives the changed grating image obtained from the image obtain

Abstract: The focus of an optical system (20) can be determined in a reliable and accurate way by arranging a first and second test object (62,64) having a periodic structure at different sides of the focal plane (66) of the optical system and determining the difference in modulation depth of the images formed on different areas (32,34) of a radiation-sensitive detection system (30).

Abstract: Positions of a plurality of objects in a space are detected. A position of reflected light of an object passing through an infrared screen is specified by analyzing an image obtained by selectively imaging the infrared rays. When the infrared screen is formed in front the display, reflected light is only caused just in front of the display. When the infrared rays are selectively imaged, a picture displayed with visible light is separated from reflected light in the infrared region, and only the reflected light can be imaged. A position of the reflected light on the display can be specified by a publicly known image analysis technique.

Abstract: Methods and related program product for assessing and optimizing metrology instruments by determining a total measurement uncertainty (TMU) based on precision and accuracy. The TMU is calculated based on a linear regression analysis and removing a reference measuring system uncertainty (URMS) from a net residual error. The TMU provides an objective and more accurate representation of whether a measurement system under test has an ability to sense true product variation. The invention also includes a method for determining an uncertainty of the TMU.

Abstract: A structure formed on a semiconductor wafer is examined by obtaining a first diffraction signal measured from the structure using an optical metrology device. A first profile is obtained from a first machine learning system using the first diffraction signal obtained as an input to the first machine learning system. The first machine learning system is configured to generate a profile as an output for a diffraction signal received as an input. A second profile is obtained from a second machine learning system using the first profile obtained from the first machine learning system as an input to the second machine learning system. The second machine learning system is configured to generate a diffraction signal as an output for a profile received as an input. The first and second profiles include one or more parameters that characterize one or more features of the structure.

Abstract: A system and process for ensuring the smooth flow of electronic ink is described. Dynamic rendering is give priority over other event handlers. Priority may be the use of one or more queues to order when events occur and may be performing dynamic rendering prior to other steps.

Abstract: A handheld mobile image sensing and printing device includes a color image sensor positioned on a support structure for sensing a color image. A color printing mechanism is positioned on the support structure and is operatively connected to the image sensor to print the image sensed by the image sensor. A remote communications arrangement is positioned on the support structure and is operatively connected to the image sensor to transmit data representing the image and to receive data representing images to be printed by the printing mechanism.

Abstract: A method for removing streaks from a scanned image includes performing a scanner light source OFF scan to generate a dark image having M rows of pixels and N+W columns of pixels; generating a line noise profile for the N columns of pixels of the dark image; performing a scanner light source ON scan to generate a regular image having M rows of pixels and N+W columns of pixels; processing the W columns of pixels of the regular image to detect a magnitude of the streak in the regular image; use the magnitude of the streak and the line noise profile to predict an amount of dark noise removal for each of the N columns of pixels of the regular image at the location of the streak; and subtracting the predicted amount of dark noise removal for each of the N columns of pixels from the respective N columns of pixels of the regular image.

Abstract: There are provided an image forming apparatus, an image forming system, and a sheet feeding source designation control method, which are capable of preventing a user from failing to carry out proper settings to thereby avoid printing using an undesired sheet cassette, and also capable of allowing a user to change to another type of sheet feeding than manual feeding immediately if he or she desires to do so, and storage media storing programs for executing the methods. The size of at least one sheet for manual feeding can be designated by a device or a job. It is determined whether or not a manual feed tray can be designated as a sheet feeding source if the sheet size is designated by the device or the job, and the manual feed tray is designated as the sheet feeding source when it is so determined.

Abstract: An information apparatus includes a housing, a cover mounted to the housing in an openable and closable manner, a detection device that detects an open state and a closed state of the cover, a penetrating hole provided in one of the housing or the cover and a protruding portion provided in the housing or the cover where the penetrating hole is not provided.

Abstract: A digital image processing multifunction apparatus is provided with an apparatus-side communication controlling section to communicate with either of portable terminals. When receiving a demand of the apparatus management information of the electronic apparatus from either of portable terminals, the apparatus-side communication controlling section identifies the portable terminal on the basis of a terminal information controlling section and transmits the apparatus management information in accordance with the portable terminal from an information management table.

Abstract: A method of gray balance adjustment and color saturation adjustment including generating respective gray balancing components for initial primary color data values, generating respective color saturation adjustment components for the initial primary color data values, and adding respective gray balancing components and respective color saturation adjustment components to produce respective gray balanced and color saturation adjusted primary color data values.

Abstract: There is described a network system for processing image data and printing an image based on the image data. The system includes image-processing apparatus and an image printing apparatus coupled to each other in a network. Each of the image-processing apparatus includes a rasterization processing section to generate first rasterized pixel data; an image data transmitting section to transmit the image data to another image-processing apparatus, which generates second rasterized pixel data; a pixel data receiving section to receive the second rasterized pixel data; and a pixel data transmitting section to transmit either the first rasterized pixel data or the second rasterized pixel data to the image printing apparatus as print-rasterized pixel data. The image printing apparatus includes a print-rasterized pixel data receiving section to receive the print-rasterized pixel data in order to print the image according to the print-rasterized pixel data.

Abstract: Unix utilities to read delimiter-separated strings on standard input and prepare one or more request to a web service. Web service results are printed to standard output. Other utilities read one or more structured documents from standard input, locate specified portions of the structured documents, and print the located portions on standard output. Another type of utility reads delimiter-separated strings on standard input, obtains a template document describing a valid structured document, and produces such a valid document containing the delimiter-separated strings. Methods of using these utilities together in data-processing pipelines are also described.

Abstract: An image memory stores image data of a document file. A bit map developing part converts the document file into bit map image data. A difference information extraction part compares the bit map image data with the image data so as to extract difference information representing a difference between the bit map image data and the image data. The difference information is saved as a deference information file.

Abstract: Compatibility with an operating system is maintained, and a high-quality print image is efficiently previewed with a simple arrangement and small memory area. A printer driver program executed by a host computer (15) which controls the operation of a printer (7) adopts a processing arrangement in which a print processor (5) is interposed between a preview request from a previewer (8) and generation of image data by a printer graphic driver (6). This processing arrangement causes the printer graphic driver (6) to create image data for a preview display. The created image data is transferred to the previewer (8) in accordance with an instruction from the print processor (5).

Abstract: A fully digital pulse width modulator substantially doubles resolution in a laser printer by outputting data to the laser on both the rising and falling edges of the clock cycle. A counter and the clock itself are used to select input to a multiplexer, and consequently, the data output to the laser from the multiplexer. A data selector code, generated by concatenating the binary value of the counter and the inverted clock bitwise, selects which of the 16 bits representing a pixel to place onto the data line, so that all 16 bits are output to the laser serially and sequentially in eight clock cycles. By using both the rising and falling edges of a clock cycle, the clock speed of the device is effectively doubled, without increasing actual clock speed. Device resolution is improved simply and inexpensively without major modification of printed circuit boards.

Abstract: One single-stage proofer RIP replaces a conventional setup of two proofer RIP stages in series. Preliminary profile and data processing usually performed at the first of the conventional RIP stages, and source input terminal of the second, are instead performed in a preprocessor at the image-originating or production-hardcopy-printer station. The preprocessor combines production-printer forward and inverse profiles with a profile for the monitor, associated computer or graphics program—to form a single profile that converts monitor signals to perceptual data representing appearance of the predicted production copy. This three-way composite profile is applied to the source terminal of the single-stage proofer RIP.

Abstract: Arbitrary source image data, and destination image data obtained by retouching the source image data are recorded. When the user sets, using an image sensing mode setting unit, an image sensing mode, image reproduction parameters of which are to be changed, and instructs to execute a parameter change process, a parameter determination unit changes the image reproduction parameters using the source and destination image data. The parameter determination unit generates a color conversion list by comparing the two image data, and changes the image reproduction parameters in the image sensing mode set by the image sensing mode setting unit using the color conversion list. In this way, an image can be reproduced using the image reproduction parameters that reflect the contents retouched by the user, and color setups of user's preference can be given to an image to be reproduced.

Abstract: A color processing method of an image forming device, and an apparatus using the same. In the image forming device, which prints data in a plurality of colors, the color processing method may include storing a plurality of color tables, each color table containing a reference factor used with color processing of image data of an original document, selecting one of the plurality of color tables, processing a color of the image data of the original document with reference to the selected color table, and converting and outputting the color-processed image data of the original document into a data format readable by the image forming device. Accordingly, a user can change the color representation of the printed image according to a predetermined mode.

Abstract: There is provided a method for enhancing text reproduction by a color copier in a copy of a document that includes both text and graphic regions, the method includes creating an ink density map from a data image of the document identifying a region of the ink density map as a text region, a partial text region, a color region or a white region and modifying the data image for corresponding regions identified as text areas.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention provide a color matching profile generating device that, in an apparatus having an input device and an output device, performs a color matching for the input device and the output device and reproduces favorable colors without depending on color characteristics of the devices. The color matching profile generating device can use an input device profile and an output device profile, in addition to a color conversion profile which defines color conversion characteristics in an absolute color space and generates a color matching profile for the input device and the output device. Since the color conversion profile defines the color conversion characteristics in the absolute color space, color conversion can be performed to image data obtained from the input device without depending on characteristics of the input device.

Abstract: To obtain suitable reproduction of an image reproduced on an input system on an output system, when a color signal A acquired from an image processing device is contained in a low-saturation area on the color space containing a color signal P of gray for an image output device at a lightness of the color signal A and a color signal O of calorimetrically achromatic color, the color signal A is converted in accordance with a conversion function that converts the color signal on a line segment BP, which connects a color signal B that is the intersection of a line segment AP connecting the color signal A and the color signal P and the outermost contour of the low-saturation area, and the color signal P into a color signal on a line segment BO connecting the color signal B and the color signal O. On the other hand, when the color signal A is not contained in the low-saturation area, the color signal is not converted.

Abstract: A method for context-based processing of print data is provided. The method includes partitioning a document to be printed into a plurality of regions of interest. The method also includes determining context data for a first region of interest of the plurality of regions of interest. The context data may include information about how first print data corresponding to the first region of interest should be processed. The method also includes using the context data to process the first print data.

Abstract: Methods and systems used to automatically identify the marking process used for an image on a substrate based on spatial characteristics and/or color of the image. Image types which are classified and identified include continuous tone images and halftone images. Among halftone images separately identified are inkjet images, xerographic images and lithographic images. Locally adaptive image threshold techniques may be used to determine the spatial characteristics of the image.

Abstract: An electronic still camera for capturing images to be transferred to at least one e-mail address is disclosed. The electronic still camera includes an image sensor for capturing a plurality of images of scenes and for producing image signals representative of the corresponding scenes; an analog-to-digital converter for digitizing the image signals to produce digital images; and a removable memory card for storing a plurality of digital image files corresponding to the digital images. The electronic still camera also includes an internal memory for storing at least one digital image to be displayed and a plurality of e-mail addresses; a processor for controlling the transfer of the digital images from the removable memory card to the internal memory and for producing a utilization file; and a display coupled to the internal memory for displaying at least one digital image.

Abstract: An image communication apparatus having an Internet facsimile communication device and a G3 facsimile communication device includes a detector for detecting a facsimile function of a communication partner's apparatus during communication by the G3 facsimile communication device, and a controller for performing control of causing the G3 facsimile communication device to disconnect communication in a G3 facsimile mode and shifting to communication by the Internet facsimile communication device, based on the detection of the facsimile function of the communication partner's apparatus by the detector.

Abstract: When an image-reading module moves along and scans a glass plate of an original document bed, a flexible wiring connecting the image-reading module to a fixing point takes various shapes depending on the position of the image-reading module so as to come close to or apart from a second metallic casing of an image-reading apparatus and a first metallic casing accommodating a signal processing unit. Since insulating members are provided on the first metallic casing, a predetermined or more distance between the wiring and the surface of the first metallic casing can be always kept constant, so that an analog signal transmitting through a conductive member within the wiring can be prevented from being largely affected by changes in electrostatic capacitance.

Abstract: Correction for eliminating deformations of an image to be output from an image apparatus is executed while suppressing the processing load on the host computer side. A host computer acquires deformation information used to designate read addresses according to deformations of a scan line from a laser beam printer. A CPU (1) of the laser beam printer generates read addresses according to the deformation information to read out image data from a RAM, and transmits the readout image data to the laser beam printer. The laser beam printer (0) forms an image based on the image data received from the host computer (3000).

Abstract: An image color correction method and an image forming apparatus are provided, which are capable of correcting an image color with much higher accuracy. A first light (red light) is irradiated on patch image (for example, an image of cyan color) formed on a sheet by the image forming apparatus, and a second light (red light) is irradiated on the vicinity of the patch image on the sheet, respectively by the image forming apparatus. The light amount of the second light is adjusted so that the brightness of the second light coincides with the brightness of the patch image irradiated by the first light. Based on the light amount adjusted for correcting the color of the image outputted by the image forming apparatus, the image forming condition of the image forming apparatus is set.

Abstract: A color display system has an image transforming device transforming an image signal (XC, YC, ZC) of a XYZ colorimetric system to an image signal of a RGB colorimetric system and outputting the image signal of the RGB colorimetric system; and a display receiving the image signal of the RGB colorimetric system which has been output from the image transforming device. The image transforming device has: a converting part; a calculation part; a determination part; and a feedback part.

Abstract: An apparatus for replicating holographically recorded data, comprising a holographic master media having holographically recorded data thereon; a holographic copy media; a light source for generating a master reference beam and a copy reference beam, coherent with the first object beam, the first master reference beam incident on the holographic master media, the holographic master media diffracting the master reference beam to provide a first object beam; the copy reference beam incident on the holographic copy media; and a first optical relay system, disposed between the holographic master media and the holographic copy media, for relaying the first object beam from the holographic master media to the holographic copy media, the holographic copy media recording an interference pattern between the first object beam and the copy reference beam, thereby replicating at least a portion of holographically recorded data.

Abstract: An optical device including an optical waveguide upon which a group of parallel light beams different in traveling direction from each other are incident and from which the group of parallel light beams go out after propagated by repeated total reflection through it. The optical waveguide includes a first reflection-type volume hologram grating, and a second reflection-type volume hologram grating. The pitches of interference fringes on the hologram surfaces of the first and second reflection-type volume hologram gratings are equal to each other. In at least the second reflection-type volume hologram grating, the angle formed between the interference fringes and hologram surfaces are varied continuously or stepwise within the hologram in relation to the main incident light beam so as to meet the Bragg condition. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the unevenness of color and brightness due to angles of view.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide an optical scanning apparatus which is not limited in the disposition of a scanning device, can reduce the adherence of dust to each member of the scanning device, and is enhanced in the reliability of the scanning device, and an image displaying apparatus having the same. The optical scanning apparatus includes a housing for containing and holding therein a scanning device provided with a movable mirror, an elastic supporting portion for supporting the movable mirror swingably about a swinging center, and a supporting base for supporting the elastic supporting portion, an optical member OE constituting a first optical system for directing a beam to the scanning device in the housing, and an optical member OX constituting a second optical system for emerging the beam passed through the scanning device.

Abstract: A system and method for removing perspective distortion from an image of an object (112) moving along a transport device (114) having a top surface (124) is disclosed. A line scanner (110) to create a first image of an object. The first image is composed of a plurality of scan lines, each having a resolution. Each of the scan lines is then rescaled, so that the resolution of each scan line is equal to the resolution of every other scan line. Each of the scan lines is processed in two halves so that the center lines of the scan lines are co-linear after rescaling. The line scanner is optionally configured to vary its field of view as a function of the distance between the line scanner and the portion of the object being scanned.

Abstract: An optical scanning apparatus includes a housing that positions and holds a plurality of light sources emitting light beams, a deflection mirror that deflects the light beams to perform main scanning, and at least one of optical image forming elements closest to the deflection mirror to form images on respective image carriers. A plurality of reflectors guide the light beams exiting the housing to the respective image carriers. A pair of support members face each other to support the housing in a main scanning direction. A support mechanism supports the reflectors by bridging the reflectors between the support members and also couples the support members to each other. Relative positions of the reflectors are arranged in a cross-sectional plane perpendicular to a main scanning direction between the support members.

Abstract: Optical scanners are configured so a principal ray of an incident beam from a light source device to a deflector and a principal ray of a scanning beam from the deflector to a scanned surface travel on the same side (or opposite sides) of an optical axis of an optical element(s) respectively wherein entrance and exit surfaces of the optical element(s) are both convex (or both concave) toward the deflector in the sub-scanning section. In various embodiments, the aforementioned principal rays travel on the same side, and surfaces are convex toward the deflector in the sub-scanning section. In various embodiments, the aforementioned principal rays travel on opposite sides, and surfaces are concave toward the deflector in the sub-scanning section. Embodiments may beneficially separate the scanning beam from ghost light and/or be incorporated in image forming apparatuses.

Abstract: A scanning device includes a mirror unit formed on a substrate so as to be pivotable centering around one axis for adjusting the direction of reflected light; a support frame formed at one surface of the mirror unit for preventing dynamic deflection of the mirror unit and supporting the mirror unit; and a driving unit provided on the substrate and driving the mirror unit. Thus, a dynamic deflection phenomenon does not occur when the mirror unit is pivoted centering around the pivoting axis. Accordingly, stable operation is possible and the angle of rotation of the mirror unit can be accurately adjusted, so that the scanning device can be effectively used in a high-speed precision scanning system.

Abstract: The present invention provides a scanner comprising: a reflector component; means supporting the reflector component for pivoting with respect to the MCR to provide a scan which is stationary with respect to the OCR; means for enabling the support means to provide controlled pivoting of the reflector component; a magnet component which causes pivoting of the reflector component when actuated; and means for actuating the magnet component to thereby cause pivoting of the reflector component. Also provided is a scanner comprising a reflective prism for providing a circularized scanning beam, a prism carrier and magnet suspension assembly, and flexure means connected to the assembly to enable the prism to controllably pivot: (1) with respect to the MCR axis to provide a scan which is stationary with respect to the OCR; and (2) with respect to a pitch axis orthogonal to the MCR to provide an orthogonal scan.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an optical delay line. The optical delay line includes a body and at least one wing, which constitute a rotating body that rotates around a rotational axis. The rotational wing includes a retroreflective curved surface, which is formed so that light can be vertically reflected by a reflective surface of the rotational wing. The retroreflective curved surface is formed so as to reversely reflect the light while varying an optical path difference at a predetermined speed when the rotating body rotates at a regular angular velocity. Thus, a long time delay value can be effectively generated.

Abstract: To provide a spatial optical modulation element having a long life free from a deterioration of optical modulation characteristics even if a high power laser beam with an ultra-short pulse is used as a modulation drive light. A spatial optical modulation element 1 wherein disposed between a prism 2 and an optical functional material layer 3 made of an optical functional material with the refractive index changeable by light irradiation, is a low refractive index layer 4 made of a transparent material with a refractive index lower than the refractive index of the dielectric. A spatial optical modulation method characterized in that using such a spatial optical modulation element 1, at the interface between the prism and the low refractive index layer, reflection of a to-be-modulated light 5 entering through the prism, is controlled by a modulation drive light 6.

Abstract: A spatial light modulator includes a substrate; a hinge in connection with the substrate; a mirror plate that is connected with the hinge and is configured to tilt about the hinge; and a piezoelectric device coupled with the substrate. The piezoelectric device is configured to produce an acoustic wave to assist the separation between the mirror plate and the object.

Abstract: According to embodiments of the present invention, a first layer of electrically conductive material may be disposed in a recess in a micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) base. An electrically charged gel network may be disposed in the recess on the first layer of electrically conductive material. A second layer of electrically conductive material may be disposed in the recess on the cross-linked co-polymer gel network. A functionalizer may be disposed on the first and the second layers of electrically conductive material.

Abstract: A mirror apparatus including a reflecting mirror reflecting light, partition walls, the walls and the reflecting mirror defining a plurality of air chambers, and a regulator regulating air pressure in at least one of the air chambers. With this configuration, the front surface of the reflecting mirror is deformed into a smooth shape so as to correct optical aberration.

Abstract: A display system includes a light source and a first optical system coupled to the light source and adapted to provide an illumination beam along an illumination path. The display system also includes a spatial light modulator positioned in the illumination path. The spatial light modulator includes a semiconductor substrate including a plurality of electrode devices and a hinge structure coupled to the semiconductor substrate. The hinge structure includes silicon material. The spatial light modulator also includes a mirror post coupled to the hinge structure and extending to a predetermined distance from the semiconductor substrate and a mirror plate coupled to the mirror post and overlying the plurality of electrode devices. The display system further includes a second optical system coupled to the spatial light modulator and adapted to project an image onto a projection surface.

Abstract: A comb electrode 3 is provided on a first main face 2a and a uniform electrode 4 is provided on a second main face 2b of a substrate made of a ferroelectric single crystal of a single domain, and a voltage is applied on the comb electrode 3 and the uniform electrode 4 to produce domain inversion part. It is laminated, on the substrate, an underlying substrate comprising a main body 5, a first conductive film 6 provided on a first main face 5a and a second conductive film 7 provided on a second main face 5b of the main body 5. The uniform electrode 4 is electrically conducted with the first conductive film 6 and a voltage is applied on the comb electrode 3 and the second conductive film 7 to form a domain inversion part in the substrate 2.

Abstract: A four-wave mixing squeezed light source includes: a mixing medium having chi(3) non-linear characteristics including two atomic ground states coupled to each other by transitions through optically-excited states; a pump beam having a polarization and a frequency, said frequency being near the ground-to-excited atomic transition but far enough from the atomic transition such that the pump beam is substantially unabsorbed; and a probe beam having a polarization that is orthogonal with respect to the pump beam polarization, the probe beam having a frequency of the pump beam frequency plus or minus a frequency splitting of the two atomic ground states. The mixing medium, the pump beam and the probe beam interact to produce a phase conjugate beam having a polarization that is orthogonal to the pump beam polarization, such that the beams are non-degenerate with the pump beam, and the probe beam is amplified.