Abstract: An electronics module includes a base and a cover connected to the base. The base includes a recess adapted to receive an associated mounting rail. At least one fixed rail constraining tab is located adjacent a first edge of the recess and is adapted to engage a first flange of the associated mounting rail. First and/or second latch arms are located adjacent a second edge of the recess that is opposite the first edge of the recess. The first and second latch arms are connected to a fixed portion of the second edge and project outwardly relative to opposite lateral sides of the fixed portion. Each of the first and second latch arms includes a rail capture tab.

Abstract: A lower rail 3 has a first cut-and-raised piece 22, and an upper rail 4 has a second cut-and-raised piece 23. The first and second cut-and-raised pieces 22, 23 each have a facing surface 22a, 23a that faces and is contactable with the facing surface of the other cut-and-raised piece along the moving direction of the upper rail 4. The first and second cut-and-raised pieces 22, 23 are engaged with each other so as to limit the movement range of the upper rail 4 relative to the lower rail 3. On the facing surface 22a and the facing surface 23a, inclination angles ? and ? are provided that generate a force causing the first and second cut-and-raised pieces 22, 23 to be more deeply engaged with each other, respectively. This prevents the first and second cut-and-raised pieces 22, 23 from being easily disengaged from each other.

Abstract: The present invention is a stable, customizable umbrella system which includes one or more surface mount components which may be fixedly or selectively attached to an umbrella support pole.

Abstract: An equipment engine mounting system/method for mounting an equipment engine to an equipment frame. The equipment engine mounting system includes a first engine mount disposed between the equipment engine and the equipment frame, including a first engine mount nonextensible inner member having an outer bonding surface. The first engine mount including a first engine mount nonextensible outer member, the first engine mount nonextensible outer member having an inner bonding surface. The first engine mount includes an intermediate elastomer between the first engine mount nonextensible inner member and the first engine mount nonextensible outer member, the first engine mount intermediate elastomer bonded to the first engine mount nonextensible inner member outer bonding surface and the first engine mount nonextensible outer member inner bonding surface.

Abstract: A panel spacer presents a somewhat spherical body with pyramidal indents in the upper and lower hemispheres separated by a relatively wide equator. The spacers are formed from a conventional resilient polymeric material with the indents providing easy handling and preventing rolling of the spacers when in place for example in a rail groove. In an alternate embodiment of the panel spacers the hemispheres are rotated approximately 27½° along the spacer axis.

Abstract: A formliner, sheet, system, and methods of use and manufacture are provided in order to provide a product that can minimize and/or eliminate visible seaming between interconnected formliners during fabrication of a pattern on a curable material. In some embodiments, the formliner can comprise raised sections that define interrelated inner and outer dimensions. Thus, a plurality of formliners can be interconnected by overlaying raised sections thereof. Further, the formliner can comprise one or more detents and one or more protrusions to enable engagement between interconnected formliners without requiring adhesives. In this manner, formliners can be interconnected in a nested manner such that visible seaming between the interconnected formliners is reduced and/or eliminated.

Abstract: A a metal shore post of a concrete forming assembly is disclosed. An outer telescoping tube is provided that has a main section with a first inside diameter and top portion with a section having a second inside diameter reduced relative to the first inside diameter of the outer tube. An inner telescoping tube is inserted for telescopic movement inside the outer tube. After assembly, a pair of pistons are inserted through access holes in the outer tube to provide a crushing force to the inner tube deforming it to create a region of increased diameter that is greater than that of the reduced diameter section but not so large as to prevent telescopic movement of the inner tube inside the outer tube. The increased dimension region thereby prevents accidental separation of the inner tube from the assembly, thereby improving safety and efficiency. Openings are provided in the inner tube in the region being crushed in order to control the region of deformation.

Abstract: Optical and optoelectronic devices and methods of making same. Under one aspect, an optical device includes an integrated circuit an array of conductive regions; and an optically sensitive material over at least a portion of the integrated circuit and in electrical communication with at least one conductive region of the array of conductive regions. Under another aspect, a method of forming a nanocrystalline film includes fabricating a plurality of nanocrystals having a plurality of first ligands attached to their outer surfaces; exchanging the first ligands for second ligands of different chemical composition than the first ligands; forming a film of the ligand-exchanged nanocrystals; removing the second ligands; and fusing the cores of adjacent nanocrystals in the film to form an electrical network of fused nanocrystals.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion device includes a pixel output line, a pixel which outputs a signal to the pixel output line, an amplifier unit which amplifies the signal output to the pixel output line, and a holding capacitor which holds the signal output from the amplifier unit. The photoelectric conversion device outputs a pixel signal based on the signal held by the holding capacitor. The amplifier unit includes a variable amplifier stage which amplifies a signal output to the pixel output line at a gain selected from a plurality of gains, and a buffer stage which amplifies the signal output from the variable amplifier stage, the amplified signal being held by the holding capacitor to hold the signal.

Abstract: A detector comprising a photodetector including a single photon avalanche diode (SPAD), wherein the SPAD comprises a wide band-gap semiconductor material, and a quenching circuit electrically coupled to the photodetector comprising a first device, wherein the first device comprises a wide band-gap semiconductor material having a band-gap of at least about 1.7 eV at about 26° C.

Abstract: Disclosed are various embodiments of high-speed, high-performance, low-noise optical encoders having various means for preventing undesired stray light from reaching light detectors incorporated therein. Structures employed to block stray light in the optical encoders include light barriers, air gap trenches, and coatings disposed between first and second sides of a substrate of the encoder. Also disclosed are compact single track optical encoders having a single dome lens disposed thereover, and dual track triple dome lens optical encoders. Methods of making such optical encoders are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of imaging a sample with a scanning microscope and an imaging system for a scanning microscope, comprising the steps of: initiating an exposure phase of a detector (34) by a pulsed laser source (12); generating an optical image of the sample on the detector with a lens system (32); and terminating the exposure phase. According to the invention, the step of generating the optical image comprises a step of displacing the optical image on the detector with an image displacement means (40) between two consecutive laser pulses. The image displacement means comprise a rotatable mirror (40) situated on an optical path from the sample (26) to the detector (34).

Abstract: Selected scene regions are imaged. IMAGING CHANNEL: mirrors (preferably MEMS) address an imaging sensor to regions. CALIBRATION CHANNEL: the mirrors direct radiation from a source to a calibration sensor, along an imaging-channel segment. Beam splitter(s) let the channels share optical path at the mirrors. To minimize imaging-channel diffractive blur, the calibration channel modifies wavefront angle and smoothness at the mirrors—measuring (and setting mirrors to optimize) PSF sharpness, then applying these measurements (and settings) to optimize imaging-channel settings by iterative multidimensional gradient search. An afocal lens receives scene radiation, magnifying deflection at the scene. An FOR is imaged on the imaging sensor; the mirrors address the sensor to a narrow FOV within the FOR; the lens enlarges deflections to cover the FOR. Plural diffraction-grating orders communicate between calibration source and sensor when the selected region is in plural scene portions, regardless which FOV is addressed.

Abstract: A downhole instrument for estimating density of sub-surface materials includes: a neutron source, a source monitoring detector, a near detector and a far detector. Each of the detectors may be coupled to an electronics unit adapted for receiving a detection signal from each of the detectors and compensating the detection signal for at least one of the near detector and the far detector according to the detection signal of the source monitoring detector. A method for estimating density is provided.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring radiation in a borehole penetrating the Earth, the apparatus includes: a downhole tool having a structure defining a cavity; and one or more radiation detection components integrated into the cavity and configured to measure the radiation. An apparatus conveyable through a borehole for measuring radiation downhole and a method of producing a downhole apparatus for measuring radiation are provided.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for radial activation of transmission-mode electron transfer ion/ion reactions using a dipolar AC field applied transverse to a transit direction is disclosed. Increases in fragment ion yields and structural information from electron transfer dissociation (ETD) were observed. The method may be used for transmission mode ETD for relatively low charge states of peptides and proteins.

Abstract: A system and method of mass spectrometry is provided. Ions from an ion source are stored in a first ion storage device and in a second ion storage device. Ions are ejected from the first ion storage device to a first mass analysis device during a first ejection time period, for analysis during a first analysis time period. Ions are ejected from the second ion storage device to a second mass analysis device during a second ejection time period. The ion storage devices are connected in series such that an ion transport aperture of the first ion storage device is in communication with an ion transport aperture of the second ion storage device. The first analysis time period and the second ejection time period at least partly overlap.

Abstract: A method of inspecting for plug-to-plug short (short circuit) defects on a sample is disclosed. A charged particle beam for imaging the sample is repeatedly line-scanned over the sample with a line-to-line advancement direction perpendicular to the line-scan direction. The method includes scanning the sample with a line-to-line advancement along a first and a second direction, to obtain a first and a second image of the sample, respectively. Then, the method includes identifying plug patterns, represented in the obtained images with abnormal grey levels, as abnormal plug patterns. Next, the method compares the locations of the abnormal plug patterns to determine the presence of plug-to-plug short defects on the sample.

Abstract: An electron microscope is described. This electron microscope includes an electron emitter that has an evaporation or sublimation rate that is significantly less than that of tungsten at the reduced pressures around the electron emitter during operation of the electron microscope. As a consequence, the electron microscope may be able to operate at reduced pressures that are much larger than those in existing electron microscopes. For example, at least during the operation the reduced pressure in the electron microscope may be greater than or equal to a medium vacuum. This capability may allow the electron microscope to use a roughing pump to provide the reduced pressure, thereby reducing the cost and complexity of the electron microscope, and improving its reliability. In addition, the size of the electron microscope may be reduced, which may enable a hand-held or portable version of the electron microscope.

Abstract: The edges of the reticle are detected with respect to the microstructured patterns exposed by the stepper, and the shapes of the microstructured patterns at the surface and at the bottom of the photoresist are detected. The microstructured patterns are evaluated by calculating, and displaying on the screen, the dislocation vector that represents the relationship in position between the detected patterns on the surface and at the bottom of the photoresist. Furthermore, dislocation vectors between the microstructured patterns at multiple positions in a single-chip or single-shot area or on one wafer are likewise calculated, then the sizes and distribution status of the dislocation vectors at each such position are categorized as characteristic quantities, and the corresponding tendencies are analyzed. Thus, stepper or wafer abnormality is detected.

Abstract: A semiconductor device inspection apparatus having a noise subtraction function includes an electron gun, a stage for holding a sample, a main detector for detecting a signal discharged from the sample, and at least one or more sub detector for detecting noise generated from the sample or apparatus so that there can be obtained an image in which the noise caused by discharge generated on the sample or in the apparatus is removed from the signal. The noise subtraction function subtracts the noise detected by the sub detector from the signal detected by the main detector to remove or reduce the noise from the signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is an image sensor for measuring illumination, proximity and color temperature, including: a light source unit configured to irradiate infrared with a wavelength of a specific band onto an object; a light source controller configured to control power supplied to the light source unit; an infrared transmission filter configured to allow only the infrared and visible ray with the wavelength of the specific band among light incident through a lens after being reflected by the object to selectively transmit therethrough; a first sensing unit provided with an image pixel for acquiring an image of the object introduced through the infrared transmission filter; and a second sensing unit configured to receive the infrared and the visible ray having passed through the infrared transmission filter and measure current illumination, proximity to the object and color temperature of the object.

Abstract: The device for detection and/or emission of radiation has an encapsulation micropackage in a vacuum or under reduced pressure that comprises a cap and a substrate delineating a sealed housing. The housing encapsulates at least one uncooled thermal detector and/or emitter having a membrane sensitive to electromagnetic radiation suspended above the substrate, a reflector and at least one getter. The getter is arranged on at least a part of a second main surface of the reflector to form a reflector/getter assembly. A free space, releasing an accessible surface of the getter and in communication with the housing, is also formed between the reflector/getter assembly and the front surface of the substrate.

Abstract: An apparatus for analyzing, identifying or imaging an target including first and second laser beams coupled to a pair of photoconductive switches to produce CW signals in one or more bands in a range of frequencies greater than 100 GHz focused on and transmitted through or reflected from the target; and a detector for acquiring spectral information from signals received from the target and using a multi-spectral heterodyne process to generate an electrical signal representative of some characteristics of the target. The lasers are tuned to different frequencies and a frequency shifter in the path of one laser beam allows the terahertz beam to be finely adjusted in one or more selected frequency bands.

Abstract: A radiation detector (100) includes a scintillator (102), a wavelength shifter (112), and a photodetector (110). The scintillator (102) produces scintillation photons of a first relatively short wavelength, for example in the ultraviolet or deep ultraviolet. The photodetector is sensitive to photons in the visible portion of the spectrum. The wavelength shifter reduces a spectral mismatch between the scintillator (102) and the photodetector (110).

Abstract: There is provided a scintillator plate which is superior in productivity, exhibits enhanced light extraction efficiency of a scintillator and enhanced sharpness and results in reduced deterioration in sharpness between flat light-receiving element surfaces. There are also provided a scintillator panel and a flat panel radiation detector by use thereof. The scintillator plate comprises a reflection layer, a resinous anticorrosion layer and a scintillator layer provided sequentially in this order on a heat-resistant resin substrate, wherein the scintillator plate is employed, as a component for a flat panel radiation detector, without being physicochemically adhered to the surface of a flat light-receiving element.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to develop a generic method for identification of gases and a corresponding device, which has a simple structure and allows immediate and simultaneous detection of the chemical compounds to be tested, and which uses for identification the material-specific mobility and simultaneously the change in this mobility as a function of the electric field strength. This is achieved in that due to the resulting electric field, each ionized molecule has a drift velocity which is partially increased or decreased, wherein the resulting electric field is a DC field, on which an asymmetric AC field is superimposed. These methods and associated devices for the detection and identification of gases are used to identify and detect chemical compounds, in particular explosive and/or unhealthy substances or compounds, which must be detected in very small concentrations.

Abstract: High-efficiency neutron detector substrate assemblies comprising a first conductive substrate, wherein a first side of the substrate is in direct contact with a first layer of a powder material comprising 10boron, 10boron carbide or combinations thereof, and wherein a conductive material is in proximity to the first layer of powder material; and processes of making said neutron detector substrate assemblies.

Abstract: To provide a scintillator for neutron detection which has high sensitivity to neutron rays, and is reduced in a background noise attributed to ? rays. [Means to Solve the Problems] A scintillator for neutron detection, comprising a metal fluoride crystal containing, as constituent elements, a metal having a valence of 2 or higher, such as calcium, aluminum or yttrium; lithium; and fluorine, the metal fluoride crystal containing 1.1 to 20 atoms per unit volume (atoms/nm3) of 6Li, having an effective atomic number of 10 to 40, containing a lanthanoid such as cerium, praseodymium or europium, and being represented by LiCaAlF6, LiSrAlF6, LiYF4 etc.

Abstract: A UV source is regulated according to one or more purification parameters to produce a desired germicidal effect in a liquid while minimizing wasted power.

Abstract: An ion implanter includes an implantation chamber into which an ion beam is introduced, a holder for holding substrates on two columns of a first column and a second column in an X-direction, and a holder driving unit having a function of setting the holder in a horizontal state and then positioning the holder in a substrate exchange position and a function of setting the holder in a standing state and then driving reciprocally and linearly the holder along the X-direction in an irradiation area of the ion beam. Also, the ion implanter includes two load lock mechanisms, and two substrate carrying units equipped with arms, which carry the substrates between the load lock mechanisms and a substrate exchange position respectively, every two arms.

Abstract: An article sanitizer includes a rigid opaque enclosure open at a door side thereof An enclosure door is adapted to selectively close the door side of the enclosure. At least one UV bulb is fixed to at least one bulb fixture within the enclosure and extends at least partially into the open internal space of the enclosure. A cage is fixed around each sanitizer bulb. An article fastener is fixed with the cage and is adapted to be selectively fastened to the article for securing the article thereto. An electronic circuit is electrically connected to each sanitizer bulb and is adapted to power each bulb for a present period of time. A switch may be included proximate the door and adapted to electrically close when the door is closed to prevent bulb activation when the door is open. A wheeled support stand may be fixed with the enclosure.

Abstract: A device to illuminate a object, to excite its fluorescence light emission, and detect the emitted fluorescence spectrum, comprising: at least one illumination system (13), adapted to receive light from a light source (11), to select at least one wavelength bands of light spectrum of the source (11), to illuminate a object (15) with light filtered in that way (14); and a detection system (17), adapted to detect fluorescence light (16) emitted by the object (15), to select at least one wavelength bands of fluorescence, light spectrum (16), to record the spectrum of the filtered light; characterized in that said illumination system (13) comprises: at least one first dispersive element (41), at least one focusing optics (43), at least one spatial fitter of excitation (44), at least one collimating optics (45) and at least one second dispersive element (47), wherein said detection system (17) comprises: at least one dispersive element (81), at least one focusing optics (83), at least one spatial filter of detecti

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an optical measurement apparatus including at least: a flow channel through which samples flow; a first light radiation section; a first opto-electrical conversion section; a first analog-to-digital conversion section; a second light radiation section; a second light detection section; a second opto-electrical conversion section; an amplification section; and a second analog-to-digital conversion section.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives and of their salts as scintillation agents and more specifically as agents for discriminating between fast neutrons and gamma rays. It also relates to liquid scintillators comprising these scintillation agents in solution in a solvent and to novel 1,8-naphthalimide derivates of use as scintillation agents, in particular for discriminating between fast neutrons and gamma rays. Applications: all the fields of use of scintillators and in particular industry, geophysics, fundamental physics, in particular nuclear physics, the safety of goods and people, protection from radiation of workers in the industrial, nuclear and medical sectors, medical imaging, and the like.

Abstract: In a fluorescence detection device and a fluorescence detection method, forward-scattered light which is scattered from a measurement object irradiated with a laser beam is received and detection signals for informing the measurement object passing through the measurement point and for identifying a focus position of the forward-scattered light are produced. While, fluorescence emitted by the measurement object is received through a collecting lens and a light-reception signal of the fluorescence is outputted. The fluorescence intensity level is outputted based on the outputted light-reception signal and the produced detection signals. A focus position of the forward-scattered light is identified from the produced detection signals and the light reception-signal is corrected using a correction coefficient corresponding to the identified focus position.

Abstract: A luminescent system includes a layer of donor material, an acceptor material and a barrier layer therebetween. The energy transfer between the donor and acceptor is biased to the acceptor layer, by an asymmetric energy transfer efficiency created by the barrier layer. Energy from the donor material is converted into photo-luminescence in the acceptor layer by discouraging photo-luminescence quenching caused by energy backflow.

Abstract: This apparatus has two mask segments. Each mask segment has apertures that an ion beam may pass through. These mask segments can move between a first and second position using hinges. One or more workpieces are disposed behind the mask segments when these mask segments are in a second position. The two mask segments are configured to cover the one or more workpieces in one instance. Ions are implanted into the one or more workpieces through the apertures in the mask segments.

Abstract: A D/A converter includes a D/A converter base part having a first D/A converter unit performing D/A conversion of high order bits and a second D/A converter unit performing D/A conversion of low order bits and including an auxiliary bit assigned an identical weight to a least significant bit, a correction D/A converter part, an error detection processing section generating a digital code to be set to a correction D/A converter unit in the correction D/A converter part, and a control section. The control section compares one bit current source with another bit current source in a lower order than the one bit current source, and corrects a value of the one bit current source by causing the error detection processing section to generate the digital code to be set to the correction D/A converter unit when judging that the value of the one bit current source changes.

Abstract: Device (1) for hardening plastics material liners for pipe and conduit refurbishment, with at least one ultraviolet light sources (3), wherein rollers (5) for mounting the device (1) in the pipe are provided and wherein a pushing and/or pulling device is provided by which the device (1) can be pushed or pulled through the conduit pipe to be refurbished, wherein several mounts (7) capable of mounting different rollers (5) are provided.

Abstract: A flow control valve including, a tubular housing having a valve port, a piston disposed in the tubular housing having an orifice, the piston being slidable in the tubular housing to align the orifice with the valve port, a combustion portion at least partially defined by the tubular housing and the piston, and a propellant disposed in the combustion portion and method.

Abstract: In order to improve a drive arrangement (15) for valve devices (1) comprising a closing member (3), comprising a movable drive element (6) for making an operative connection with the closing member (3), pre-tensioning means for exerting a pre-tensioning force on the drive element (6) in order to hold the closing member (3) in a base position, preferably closed position, against the working forces acting on the closing member (3), and driving means (17, 21) to move the drive element (6) from the base position against the pre-tensioning force in the direction of the working forces, with a view to the disadvantages of the known drive arrangements, in particular in order to reduce the weight, it is proposed that the pre-tensioning means comprises a compressible fluid, preferably compressed air (21), enclosed in a pre-tensioning container (16), with a static pressure for producing the pre-tensioning force.

Abstract: Fluid flow control apparatus, comprising a tubular body, a spool within the body, and a timer sleeve movable axially in the body and relative to the spool, to control fluid flow through the spool in response to fluid pressure applied to a closed end of the sleeve; a seat extending within the body to be engaged by the open end of the sleeve, thereby to effect stoppage of flow through the spool, in a flow blocking axial position of the sleeve; and means including a stem extending axially within the spool to define therewith a leakage path for fluid to slowly leak form within the timer sleeve to the downstream exterior of the spool.

Abstract: One embodiment of a fluid control device for a fluid supply comprises: a housing (31) defining a fluid supply channel (34) with a fluid inlet (35) for coupling to a fluid supply and a fluid outlet (36) for coupling to an appliance, the housing additionally defining a chamber (44) with an inlet (40) for coupling to an overflow and an outlet (41) for coupling to a drain; a valve (55) located in said fluid supply channel (34) and moveable from a first open position to a second closed position where fluid flow through the channel (34) is substantially restricted; and an actuator (52) provided in said chamber (44) and moveable from a first position to a second position, wherein the valve (55) and actuator (44) are magnetically coupled to one another such that movement of the actuator (44) from said first position to said second position causes the valve (55) to move from said open position to said closed position.

Abstract: A stepper motor and controller are provided for controllably adjusting the angular displacement of a rotor. The stepper motor has a plurality of stator coils that are configured to effect rotation of the rotor upon application of a voltage thereto. The stepper motor further includes one or more sensing coils, where rotation of the rotor generates an induced voltage in the one or more sensing coils. A controller is included for processing the induced voltage signals, and is configured to output a constant vector value that does not change in value where the induced voltage signals are indicative of the rotor rotating in a continuous manner, and to output a diverging vector value where the induced voltage signals are indicative of the rotor being inhibited from rotating. The controller is configured to determine the rotor's angular displacement from the constant vector value, and to detect occurrence of the rotor being inhibited from rotating from a diverging vector value.

Abstract: In a certain brake control apparatus, a valve main body of a hydraulic control valve and a coil unit are separately formed, are assembled with each other, and are mounted on an actuator block. Further, bias current is secured even though the supply of current is temporarily unnecessary depending on a control state and a period between the termination and the start of the driving of the hydraulic control valve. Accordingly, it may be possible to maintain a contact state between the inner peripheral surface of the coil unit and the outer peripheral surface of the valve main body during the driving control period.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the invention, a solenoid is provided that is energizable by an electric current and includes: a pole piece, which is configured from a magnetizable pole material; an armature, which is movable when an electric current is passed through the solenoid; and an electromagnetic coil. A current passes through the coil when the solenoid is energized; the coil includes a central opening, wherein the pole piece is at least partially located. The diameter of the central opening may be less in a mid region than at upper and lower ends of the coil. At least one of either the upper or lower inside ends of the central opening of the coil may be beveled or contoured with a radius. The magnetic flux generated when the coil is energized has an enhanced flow path reducing the saturation in the transitional area at the upper and lower inside ends of the central opening as compared to a standard coil.

Abstract: An HVAC (heating, ventilating and air conditioning) damper includes a series of pivotal damper blades that are opened by an air pressure differential across opposite sides of the damper. In some embodiments, a fan discharging against the damper blades provides the necessary air pressure to open the damper. To control how far the damper opens, an actuator moves a variable position abutment that obstructs the damper blades to limit how far they can pivot in the open direction. The position of the abutment is infinitely adjustable to provide the damper with infinite adjustment over a range of open positions. In some embodiments, the abutment applies a unidirectional torque to the damper blades regardless of whether the damper is opening or closing.

Abstract: A rotary gate valve includes a gate which rotates above a process flow axis within a pipeline. The gate valve includes a first and second opposing housing members each having coaxial pathways and defining a gate channel when the housing members are joined together. A gate is positioned within the gate channel when the valve is in a closed position to prevent media from flowing through the pathways and rotationally displaced from the channel when the valve is in an open position to allow media to flow through the pathways. A first annular primary sealing sleeve is disposed within the first housing member and a second annular primary sealing sleeve is disposed within the second housing member. Each of the first and second annular primary sealing sleeves is adapted to sealingly engage each other under compression when the valve is in the open position, and with the gate when the valve is in the closed position.

Abstract: A flapper base provides a flapper base body with a hinge portion unitarily formed thereupon and a flapper seat surface formed within the flowbore of the body. The flapper base may be formed from a single section of tubular metallic stock. In a method of forming a base, the stock is gripped by a rotary clamp, and a five-axis milling machine is used to cut away portions of the stock section and to form the seat surface.