Abstract: A radiation detection apparatus includes a scintillator panel having a scintillator layer which converts radiation into light and a scintillator protective layer which protects the scintillator layer, and a sensor panel having a sensor array in which a plurality of photoelectric converters which detect light from the scintillator layer are arranged and a sensor protective layer which protects the sensor array. The scintillator panel is bonded to the sensor panel by making the scintillator layer adhere to the sensor protective layer by using the scintillator protective layer as an adhesive material. A principal component of the scintillator protective layer is the same as a principal component of the sensor protective layer.

Abstract: An X-ray detector having an active array comprising pixel elements for detecting X-ray radiation is provided to enable high-quality X-ray imaging, wherein each pixel element has a scintillator layer for converting X-ray radiation into light and a photodiode produced by means of CMOS technology for converting light into a measurable electrical signal, and wherein the pixel elements are arranged on a silicon substrate and a BOX (buried oxide) layer is sandwiched between the silicon substrate and the photodiode.

Abstract: A radiation detector, in particular an X-ray radiation detector, in the form of a flat-panel detector, may comprise a scintillator layer applied to a substrate and comprising elongated needles made from a scintillator material forming the scintillator layer, and an actively readable pixel array composed of photodiodes, wherein the thickness of the scintillator layer may be in the range of 900 ?m-2500 ?m, and wherein the angle at which the needles stand relative to the pixel array, starting from 90° in the center of the detector, may decrease with increasing distance from the center of the detector.

Abstract: A radiation detection apparatus comprising a sensor panel and a scintillator panel is provided. The scintillator panel including a substrate, a scintillator disposed on the substrate, and a scintillator protective film that has a first organic protective layer and an inorganic protective layer, and covers the scintillator. The scintillator protective film is located between the sensor panel and the scintillator. The first organic protective layer is located on a scintillator side from the inorganic protective layer. A surface on a sensor panel side of the scintillator is partially in contact with the inorganic protective layer.

Abstract: An X-ray detector including a plurality of chips on a printed circuit board, each of the plurality of chips including a plurality of pixel pads on a center portion of the printed circuit board and a plurality of pin pads surrounding the plurality of pixel pads, a plurality of pixel electrodes on and corresponding to the plurality of chips, a redistribution layer electrically connecting the plurality of pixel electrodes and the plurality of pixel pads, a plurality of first electrode pads on a surface opposite to a surface of the plurality of chips including the plurality of pin pads, a wire electrically connecting the plurality of first electrode pads and the plurality of pin pads, a photoconductor on the plurality of pixel electrodes, and a common electrode on the photoconductor.

Abstract: A tube-style neutron detector, a panel-style neutron detector incorporating a plurality of tube-style neutron detectors, and a panel-style neutron detector including a plurality of anode wires are provided. A plurality of channels is provided in a neutron detector such that each channel has an inner surface of a coating layer including a neutron-absorbing material. A wire anode is provided at end of each channel so that electrons generated by a charged daughter particle generated by a neutron are collected to detect a neutron-matter interaction. Moderator units can be incorporated into a neutron detector to provide improved detection efficiencies and/or to determine neutron energy spectrum. Gas-based proportional response from the neutron detectors can be employed for special nuclear material (SNM) detection. This neutron detector can provide similar performance to 3He-based detectors without requiring 3He and without containing toxic, flammable, or high-pressure materials.

Abstract: A system for detecting radiation using an array of cells containing a metastable material together with sensing apparatus and display apparatus.

Abstract: A system includes an electrostatic lens in a path between a charged particle source and a detector. The electrostatic lens includes: a first electrode having a first aperture in the path aligned with a first axis; a second electrode in the path between the first electrode and the detector, having a second aperture in the path and aligned with a second axis that is parallel to the first axis and displaced from the first axis along a first direction; a third electrode in the path between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a potential generator coupled to the electrodes. During operation, the potential generator applies potentials to the first, second and third electrodes so that the electrostatic lens directs a beam of charged particles from the source propagating along the first axis to propagate along the second axis.

Abstract: An embodiment includes an electron beam source system having a first electron beam source unit with a substrate having a substrate-top end and a substrate-bottom end; and a first lens coupled to the substrate-bottom end defining a first aperture and having a lens-top end and a lens-bottom end. Further embodiments comprise an electron-emission region at the substrate-bottom end and aligned with the first aperture, the electron-emission region being operable to emit one or more electrons due to one or more photons contacting the electron-emission region, which may include passing through the substrate and into the electron-emission region, wherein the electron-emission region comprises a first doped portion of the substrate.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided to perform efficient, automatic cyclotron initialization, calibration, and beam adjustment. A process is provided that allows the automation of the initialization of a cyclotron after overnight or maintenance imposed shutdown. In one embodiment, five independent cyclotron system states are defined and the transition between one state to another may be automated, e.g., by the control system of the cyclotron. According to these embodiments, it is thereby possible to achieve beam operation after shutdown with minimal manual input. By applying an automatic procedure, all active devices of the cyclotron (e.g., RF system, extraction deflectors, ion source) are respectively ramped to predefined parameters.

Abstract: A particle beam irradiation system comprises deflection electromagnets which scan by deflecting the particle beam in two dimensions in the lateral direction which is perpendicular to an irradiation direction of the particle beam, and an energy width expanding device through which the particle beam passes so as to expand an energy width of the particle beam and form a SOBP in a depth direction of the irradiation target, that is, in an irradiation direction of the particle beam, wherein the energy width expanding device is configured to form the SOBP in the depth direction along whole irradiation area in the depth direction of the irradiation target, and the deflection electromagnets are controlled so as for an irradiation spot which is formed in the irradiation target by the particle beam to move stepwise along whole irradiation area in the lateral direction of the irradiation target.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photo-responsive layer and layer assembly which can be used for controlling a flow of liquid for example in a water-purification device. The photo-responsive layer according to the invention comprises a first domain comprising a first material comprising molecules having a photo-responsive moiety, wherein the first domain of the photo-responsive layer is capable of undergoing a reversible geometrical change when said photo-responsive moiety is exposed to photo-activating illumination, such as UV-radiation. The photo-responsive layer is useful in UV controlled membranes e.g. for water purification.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus, system, and method for scanning a substrate or other workpiece through a gas-cluster ion beam (GCIB), or any other type of ion beam. The workpiece scanning apparatus is configured to receive and hold a substrate for irradiation by the GCIB and to scan it through the GCIB in two directions using two movements: a reciprocating fast-scan movement, and a slow-scan movement. The slow-scan movement is actuated using a servo motor and a belt drive system, the belt drive system being configured to reduce the failure rate of the workpiece scanning apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a luminescent solar concentrator for a solar cell, comprising a collector with a luminescent substrate, and a wavelength selective filter, wherein the wavelength selective filter is arranged above the surface of the collector, wherein the luminescent substrate has an absorption edge which corresponds to a wavelength ?ex and emits radiation around a wavelength ?em, wherein the selective filter h a refractive-index contrast ?n with a negative or zero dispersion, and wherein the wavelength selective filter is designed to keep the emitted radiation inside the collector while shifting the reflection band of the incident radiation to angles ?25° and/or to narrow the reflection band to a range of ?10°.

Abstract: Instrument and method for detecting pesticides and other analytes. A sample to be tested is mounted on a cassette and inserted into a housing which is substantially impervious to light, and light from a source within the housing is directed toward the sample to induce fluorescent emission from analyte on the sample. Fluorescent emissions from the sample are monitored with a detector within the housing to detect emissions having a spectral content characteristic of the analyte to be detected. Data from the detector is processed, and information based on the processed data is displayed. In some embodiments, the instrument is calibrated with data from a reference sample of known concentration or density. The detector measures the analyte in units of mass per unit area, and in some embodiments the mass per unit area is converted to units of concentration or density of the analyte in the sample.

Abstract: An imaging array has imaging pixels, non-uniform septa, an axial center and a radial perimeter. The septa are positioned in the array such that there is a septum between adjacent ones of the imaging pixels. At least one parameter of the septa varies at least once from the center to the perimeter of the array. The parameter may increase from the center to the perimeter. The parameter may comprise density or atomic number of the septa. Alternatively, the parameter of the septa may be their radial thicknesses which vary relative to the center.

Abstract: A system and method for reducing energetic proton flux trapped in the inner radiation belt by injecting Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) electromagnetic waves is disclosed. The ULF electromagnetic waves is generated by space or ground based transmitters and the frequency range is selected such that the injected waves are in gyrofrequency resonance with trapped 10 to 100 Mev protons. Pitch angle scattering of the trapped protons in gyro-resonance with the injected waves increases their precipitation rate by forcing their orbits into pitch angles inside the atmospheric loss-cone where they are lost by intaracting with the dense neutral atmosphere at altitudes below 100 km. The reduction of energetic proton flux trapped in the inner radiation belt allows use of commercial electronics with submicron feature size on Low Earth Orbit satellites and microsatellites without the operational constraints imposed by the presence of energetic proton fluxes trapped at the inner radiation belts.

Abstract: An RI manufacturing apparatus includes: an accelerator which accelerates charged particles; a target which is irradiated with the charged particle accelerated by the accelerator, thereby manufacturing a radioactive isotope; a built-in shield that may be a wall body which surrounds the accelerator and the target to shield radiation; and a target shield that may be a wall body which is disposed between the built-in shield and the accelerator and surrounds the target to shield the radiation

Abstract: A Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI) unit comprises first and second light sources and a projection lens assembly. Light emitted by the first and second light sources is collected by first and second solid waveguides respectively and is guided by said waveguides to an intermediate plane. The intermediate plane is located in the focal plane of the projection lens assembly.

Abstract: An extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) light source is described herein comprising an optic; a primary EUV light radiator generating an EUV light emitting plasma and producing a deposit on said optic; and a cleaning system comprising a gas and a secondary light radiator, the secondary light radiator generating a laser produced plasma and producing a cleaning species with the gas.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating extreme ultraviolet light used with a laser apparatus and connected to an external device so as to supply the extreme ultraviolet light thereto includes a chamber provided with at least one inlet through which a laser beam is introduced into the chamber; a target supply unit provided on the chamber configured to supply a target material to a predetermined region inside the chamber; a discharge pump connected to the chamber; at least one optical element provided inside the chamber; an etching gas introduction unit provided on the chamber through which an etching gas passes; and at least one temperature control mechanism for controlling a temperature of the at least one optical element.

Abstract: Provided herein are metal nanoparticles, metal nanopowders, methods of synthesizing the same, and radiation shields using the same.

Abstract: An optical coupling element includes a light emitting element and a light receiving element which receives emitted light from the light emitting element. The optical coupling element contains a silicone resin and includes a light transparent resin which covers the light emitting element and the light receiving element and transmits the signal light emitted from the light emitting element to the light receiving element (for example, a specific light transparent gel resin) and a light reflection resin which covers a circumference of the light transparent resin. To the light transparent resin, a dye which absorbs light having a shorter wavelength than a predetermined wavelength range including a light emitting wavelength of the light emitting element is added in a concentration of 0.7% by weight or less.

Abstract: A method for the assessment of quantity and quality parameters of biological particles in a liquid analyte material. The method comprises applying a volume of a liquid sample to an exposing domain from which exposing domain electromagnetic signals from the sample in the domain can pass to the exterior, and exposing, onto an array of active detection elements such as CCD-elements, a spatial representation of electromagnetic signals having passed from the domain, the representation being detectable as an intensity by individual active detection elements, under conditions permitting processing of the intensities detected by the array of detection elements during the exposure in such a manner that representations of electromagnetic signals from the biological particles are identified as distinct from representations of electromagnetic signals from background signals.

Abstract: The invention provides a switching valve having a valve element which is movable in a housing, an actuating apparatus acting on the valve element in a first direction and a spring apparatus charging the valve element in a second direction. According to the invention, the first and second directions are in opposition and the spring apparatus has a progressive spring characteristic.

Abstract: An electronically controlled stepper motor valve utilizes an electric feed through assembly providing electrical connection between the stepper motor and a mating cable connector; wherein the electric feed through assembly includes four individual leads that are sequenced to allow the mating cable connector to be installed in any of four positions, each 90 degrees apart. The ability to use a 90 degree elbow style cable connector allows the EEV footprint to be minimized which provides an advantage when the electric expansion valve is installed in the tight confines of a package system.

Abstract: A solenoid valve comprising a particularly cuboidal housing having a hollow interior into which at least three flow channels open, at least two of which are formed with valve seats, is characterized in that at least two two-armed actuating elements are pivotally mounted in the hollow interior and each actuating element cooperates with at least one valve seat to cover or open the valve seat depending on its pivoted position.

Abstract: A solenoid valve comprising a magnetic drive having at least two parallel coils which are arranged with their end faces lying between two spaced apart magnetic yoke plates, a stationary magnetic plug and an axially movable magnetic core each being arranged in each coil which together with the magnetic yoke plates form a ferromagnetic circuit. At least one further magnetic element which is firmly connected to a respective yoke plate on two opposite ends is arranged between the magnetic plates.

Abstract: A cam control valve includes a valve casing having a fluid passage and valve seat, a valve disc seated on the valve seat to open and close the fluid passage, a valve stem holding down the valve disc so it contacts the valve seat, a cam acting on the valve stem to hold it down, a motor rotating the cam, a motor holder holding the motor, a supporting frame fixed to the valve casing and supporting the motor holder so it moves vertically, an elastic member biasing the motor holder towards spacing from an upper side portion of the supporting frame, and height adjustable screws suspending the motor holder from the supporting frame, and adjusting a height of the motor holder with respect to the supporting frame, wherein the height adjustable screws are slidably inserted into the upper side portion of the supporting frame and screwed into the motor holder.

Abstract: A rolling bearing having high sealing performance and a throttle valve device and an ABS device, which includes such rolling bearing. A metal core with a bent portion extending along a groove surface of the outer circumferential side of a V-shaped groove and an inner peripheral portion which extends in a radial direction beyond the deepest portion of the V-shaped groove toward a central axis from an inner circumferential side end of the bent portion, forms a gap in the radial direction within a region between an end of the inner peripheral portion of the metal core and an outer circumferential surface of an inner ring. The rigidity of an inner circumferential portion of the sealing member is ensured and a lip portion can be prevented from being rolled up by the external pressure.

Abstract: An illustrative valve is disclosed that includes a valve body, a valve seat disposed within the valve body that has a first curved sealing surface and a valve member having a second curved sealing surface that is adapted to sealingly engage the first curved sealing surface, wherein the first and second curved sealing surfaces are opposed curved sealing surfaces.

Abstract: Uses of dioxolane derivatives in the finishing of leather are described. Also described, are leather finishing compositions comprising dioxolane derivatives and methods for treating leather.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polymeric oil-return agents which solubilize or disperse mineral oil and/or synthetic oil lubricants with hydrofluorocarbon, hydrochlorofluorocarbon, and hydrofluoroolefin-based refrigerants and refrigerant compositions containing them. The polymeric oil-return agents are random copolymers containing less than about 30 wt % fluorine and produced from at least one monomer providing compatibility with the oil phase and at least one monomer providing compatibility with the refrigerant phase. The polymeric oil-return agents provide for more efficient return of mineral oil and/or synthetic oil lubricants from non-compressor zones back to a compressor zone in a refrigeration system.

Abstract: A method comprises forming a reaction mixture comprising a terephthalate polyester, a glycol comprising 2 to 5 carbons, and an amidine organocatalyst; and heating the reaction mixture at a temperature of about 120° C. or more to depolymerize the terephthalate polyester, thereby forming a terephthalate reaction product comprising a monomeric dihydroxy terephthalate diester; wherein the terephthalate reaction product contains terephthalate oligomers in an amount less than the amount of terephthalate oligomers that would result from i) substituting the amidine organocatalyst with an equimolar amount of a guanidine catalyst and ii) depolymerizing the terephthalate polyester under otherwise identical reaction conditions.

Abstract: Methods for releasing associated guest materials from a metal organic framework are provided. Methods for associating guest materials with a metal organic framework are also provided. Methods are provided for selectively associating or dissociating guest materials with a metal organic framework. Systems for associating or dissociating guest materials within a series of metal organic frameworks are provided. Thermal energy transfer assemblies are provided. Methods for transferring thermal energy are also provided.

Abstract: A method of producing an infrared light-reflecting film includes a coating step of coating a polymerizable liquid crystal composition including a polymerizable cholesteric liquid crystal compound (A), a chiral agent having an HTP of 50 ?m?1 or less (B), a monofunctional monomer (C), and an organic solvent (D) on a substrate, an alignment step of aligning the polymerizable cholesteric liquid crystal compound by heating to form a cholesteric liquid crystal phase, and an irradiation step of irradiating the polymerizable liquid crystal composition with actinic radiation to fix the cholesteric liquid crystal phase and form an infrared light-reflecting layer, wherein the amount of a residual solvent after the alignment step is controlled to 0.20 g/m2 or more.

Abstract: Provided herein are core-shell silica nanoparticles with a dense silica shell. The nanoparticles have improved properties such as, for example, increased photo luminescence and stability. Also provided are methods for making the nanoparticles.

Abstract: A process for increasing the hydrogen content of a synthesis gas including hydrogen and carbon oxides and having a carbon monoxide content ?45 mole % on a dry-gas basis, including the steps of: (i) combining the synthesis gas with steam to form a steam-enriched feed gas mixture (ii) passing the feed gas mixture at an inlet temperature in the range 220-370° C. over an iron-based water-gas shift catalyst to form a hydrogen-enriched shifted gas mixture having a carbon monoxide content ?10 mole % on a dry gas basis, and (iii) recovering the hydrogen-enriched shifted gas mixture, where a portion of the hydrogen-enriched shifted gas mixture is recycled to the feed gas mixture.

Abstract: Some substituted biaryl ring systems may be useful in light-emitting devices, such as those comprising a light-emitting diode. Some examples may include optionally substituted 2,2?-bipyridinyl or optionally substituted 3,3?-bipyridinyl. Each ring of these bipyridinyl systems may have an optionally substituted benzimidazol-2-yl substituent or optionally substituted benzoxazol-2-yl substituent, as well as other substituents.

Abstract: The present adventure relates to novel compounds of the formula (I) or (II), to the use of the compounds in electronic devices, to a process for the preparation of the compounds, and to electronic devices comprising the compounds, preferably as matrix materials or as electron-transport materials.

Abstract: Methods for orienting a plurality of sliver structures include applying at least one directional force to a group of sliver structures each having an orientation material applied to an edge to cause the plurality of sliver structures to orient in a common direction. The method may also include capturing the oriented sliver structures in a capture device to maintain the orientation of the sliver structures in the common direction. The oriented sliver structures may be used to form sub-assemblies such as solar array sub-assemblies that are used to generate solar power. Methods of applying an orientation material to sliver structures and resulting sliver structures are also disclosed.

Abstract: A window opener that assists a user in raising the sash of a single hung or double hung window includes a base, a plurality of fulcrum pivot bars mounted on the base, each fulcrum pivot bar having a different height, and a lever arm. The lever arm is placed on an exposed end of one of the fulcrum pivot bars, and has a first axial end which is used for engaging the sash of the window, and an opposite second axial end which is grasped by the user. The user pushes down on the second axial end of the lever arm, and by a pivoting action on the fulcrum pivot bar, the second axial end which engages the sash raises the sash of the single hung or double hung window through mechanical advantage.

Abstract: A tool includes a handle, a working device, a positioning device, a clamping device, and a fine adjustment mechanism. The handle includes a pivotal end, a grip end, and a plurality of retaining sections. The working device is pivotally connected to the pivotal end of the handle. The positioning device is moveable between a fixing position and an adjusting position. The clamping device is adjustably positioned on the handle. The fine adjustment mechanism for fine adjusting the clamping device is adjustably positioned on the handle and engaged with the clamping device. The fine adjustment mechanism includes at least one positioning unit alternatively engaged with a selective one of the plurality of retaining sections to fix the clamping device to the handle in position. The clamping device is adapted to be fine adjustably moved through a distance smaller than a pitch between two adjacent retaining sections.

Abstract: This invention relates to a jack with a safety device for automobile maintenance and repair, which includes a base, raising arms installed on the two side panels of the base, a platform installed on the top of the raising arms, and an oil pump to drive the raising arms. The jack may further have two safety devices, each of which includes a rack with reversed gears, a movable safety block to lock the rack, a mechanical linkage system to drive the movable safety block. Each rack may be attached to the bottom of one of the raising arms. The movable safety block may be hinged to the side panel on the same side of the jack as the safety block via an axel hinge. The jack has the characteristics of good safety, simple structure and ease to use.

Abstract: An automobile jack may include a base, a hydraulic cylinder, and a raising arm. The raising arm is driven by a hydraulic cylinder and the bottom of the raising arm is installed on the base, and the top of the raising arm is connected to a top plate. Two parallelly arranged removable frames placed on the upper side of the top plate. The top plate may also have supporting columns to raise the height of the removable frames, and pre-drilled holes for the storage of the supporting columns. By using two supporting columns, the removable frames may be dissembled and sit on the top plate, and may be kept on the top plate when not in use. This reduces the storage space. The removable frames may be also easily installed when it is required to raise the height. This increases the working efficiency and is easy to use.

Abstract: An electric repeater for use in transmission line based electric fences. The electric repeater comprises a forward amplifier, a backward amplifier, a quad pole quad throw signal switch, and a monostable circuit. The short forward electric pulse in the transmission line is amplified by the forward amplifier, and the amplified electric pulse trigger the monostable circuit. The monostable circuit then outputs a n electric pulse with predetermined width. This electric pulse operates the quad pole quad throw signal switch such that the wire pair of the transmission line is connected to the backward amplifier and disconnected from the forward amplifier as soon as the forward electric pulse has passed through the forward amplifier. DC electric power is supplied to the forward amplifier and backward amplifier by the transmission line metal wire pair, and two pairs of capacitors are used to block this DC electric power from entering the input and output of the forward and backward amplifiers.

Abstract: In an embodiment of the disclosure, a pet barrier connection member is disclosed. The pet barrier connection member comprises a first end configured to couple to a top surface of a first panel and a top surface of a second panel, a second end configured to couple to a bottom surface of the first panel and a bottom surface of the second panel, and a rod coupled to the first end and the second end.

Abstract: A variable resistive element configured to reduce a forming voltage while reducing a variation in forming voltage among elements, a method for producing it, and a highly integrated nonvolatile semiconductor memory device provided with the variable resistive element are provided. The variable resistive element includes a resistance change layer (first metal oxide film) and a control layer (second metal oxide film) having contact with a first electrode sandwiched between the first electrode and a second electrode. The control layer includes a metal oxide film having a low work function (4.5 eV or less) and capable of extracting oxygen from the resistance change layer. The first electrode includes a metal having a low work function similar to the above metal, and a material having oxide formation free energy higher than that of an element included in the control layer, to prevent oxygen from being thermally diffused from the control layer.

Abstract: A phase change memory cell and methods of fabricating the same are presented. The memory cell includes a variable resistance region and a top and bottom electrode. The shapes of the variable resistance region and the top electrode are configured to evenly distribute a current with a generally hemispherical current density distribution around the first electrode.

Abstract: A nanoscale switching device is constructed such that an electroforming process is not needed to condition the device for normal switching operations. The switching device has an active region disposed between two electrodes. The active region has at least one switching layer formed of a switching material capable of transporting dopants under an electric field, and at least one conductive layer formed of a dopant source material containing dopants that can drift into the switching layer under an electric field. The switching layer has a thickness about 6 nm or less.