Abstract: A light emitting device comprises: an LED; a LED holder having a LED mount, a radiation fin provided on a back side or a periphery of the LED mount, and an engaging part projecting from a center of the back side of the LED mount; a power circuit supplying drive power to the LED; and a body having an inner space for accommodating the power circuit, one end, and the other end where the LED holder is fixed, wherein the other end of the body has an engaged part engaged to the engaging part of the LED holder, and holding the LED mount and the radiation fin in a state of separation from the body; heat conductivity of the LED mount and the radiation fin is higher than that of the engaged part of the body.

Abstract: An extraction unit extracts a forward vehicle from an acquired image of the forward area image. A judgment unit extracts a lamp of the forward vehicle from the image of the extracted forward vehicle if a distance to the forward vehicle is less than a predetermined value, and judges whether the extracted lamp is actually two lamps or a single lamp. A control unit controls an irradiation direction of a headlamp such that a first shielded area is set in an irradiation area to prevent an area including the lamp of the forward vehicle from being irradiated if judged that the extracted lamp is actually two lamps, and such that a second shielded area is set in the irradiation area to have a margin in right and left directions larger than the first shielded area if judged that the extracted lamp is really only a single lamp.

Abstract: A Hall effect thruster with an annular discharge channel that includes inner and outer sidewall electrodes located at an axial position that is downstream from the anode. The Hall effect thruster may also include shielding elements configured to shield the inner and outer sidewall electrodes from electrons in the annular discharge channel. The shielding elements may be magnetic shielding elements.

Abstract: A plasma torch is formed from a hollow electrode forming a first gap to an isolated plasma tube, the isolated plasma tube forming a second gap with a plasma outlet tube having electrically common plasma tubes which terminate into a plasma outlet. The first gap and second gap of the isolated plasma tubes are fed by a source of plasma gas such that when a voltage is applied across the electrodes, plasmas initially form across the first plasma gap and second plasma gap. The formed plasmas spread laterally until the plasmas are formed entirely from electrode to electrode and self-sustaining. Plasma gasses which are fed to the plasma torch can be metered on both sides of the electrodes to steer the plasma arc attachment axially over the extent of the hollow electrodes, thereby reducing surface wear and increasing electrode life.

Abstract: A pulsed electrostatic/electric field generator apparatus providing a source of large quantity, free slow-speed high energy free electrons, or high energy positive ions, contained in an electrostatic/electric field capacity exceeding 1 Joule. The pulsed electrostatic/electric field generator apparatus encapsulates an enclosed non-equilibrium, non-thermal pulsed power plasma. A key subcomponent of this apparatus incorporates an innovative unipolar piezoelectric capacitor creating high voltage nanosecond rise time pulses in a multistage high energy step-up pulsed plasma generation sequence of steps. The resulting multi-Joule electrostatic/electric field is then tapped to provide a source of current and/or potential for use by external loads.

Abstract: An iodine fueled plasma generator system includes a plasma generator. At least one storage vessel is configured to store condensed phase iodine therein. A heating device proximate to the storage vessel is configured to create iodine vapor from the condensed phase iodine. A propellant management subsystem is configured to deliver the iodine vapor to the plasma generator. A feedback control subsystem is responsive to one or more of plasma generator discharge current, the pressure of the iodine vapor, and/or the temperature of the iodine vapor configured to regulate the flow rate of the iodine vapor to the plasma generator.

Abstract: Described herein is a method and apparatus for removing metal oxides on a surface of a component via electron attachment. In one embodiment, there is provided a field emission apparatus, wherein the electrons attach to at least a portion of the reducing gas to form a negatively charged atomic ions which removes metal oxides comprising: a cathode comprising an electrically conductive and comprising at least one or more protrusions having a high surface curvature, wherein the cathode is surrounded by a dielectric material which is then surrounded by an electrically conductive anode wherein the cathode and anode are each connected to an electrical voltage source, and the dielectric material between the cathode and anode is polarized to provide an electric field at one or more protrusions and thereby electrons from the cathode.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of a lamp including an optically transmitting, thermally conductive substrate is provided. The substrate has a first side, a second side, and at least one edge. At least one solid state light source, such as but not limited to a light emitting diode, is disposed on the first side of the substrate. The at least one solid state light source (e.g., light emitting diode) includes at least one junction having a first junction temperature. The substrate used is an optically transmitting, thermally conductive substrate, with a thermal conductivity greater than or equal to about 3 W/mK.

Abstract: A solid state lighting apparatus can include a substrate having first and second opposing surfaces, where at least one of the opposing surfaces is configured to mount devices thereon. A string of chip-on-board light emitting diode (LED) sets, can be on the first surface of the substrate and coupled in series with one another. An ac voltage source input, from outside the solid state lighting apparatus, can be coupled to the first or second surface of the substrate.

Abstract: An LED driving circuit package includes a rectification unit to receive an AC power voltage and rectify the AC power voltage to generate a ripple voltage, an LED driving switching unit including a plurality of switch units and a plurality of current control units. The LED driving circuit package further includes a low voltage control unit including a circuit power supply unit to generate low voltage power, a voltage detection unit to detect a magnitude of the ripple voltage, a reference frequency generation unit to generate a reference frequency, and a reference pulse generation unit to generate a reference pulse for controlling the operation of the LED driving switch unit according to the reference frequency and a magnitude of the voltage detected by the voltage detection unit.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus includes a first substrate including a switching circuit, the switching circuit including a first port, a second port and a current control circuit configured to generate a current at the second port of the current control circuit responsive to a varying voltage at the first port. The apparatus further includes a second substrate mounted on the first substrate and including at least two LEDs electrically coupled to the second port of the current control circuit of the first substrate.

Abstract: A backlight unit including: at least one light emitting diode (“LED”) string having an anode, which receives a string current, and a chassis-grounded cathode; and a current source control unit which receives a driving current and outputs the string current to the at least one LED string, where the current source control unit senses the driving current and compensates for the string current based on the sensed driving current and a reference voltage.

Abstract: An illumination device (100) is capable of preventing waste of standby power consumption over a long period of time after it is turned off by operation of a remote control (a remote control device). The illumination device (100) includes: a control section (30) which controls LED modules (42, 43); and a remote control light receiving section (45) which receives a turn-off instruction signal from the remote control device. The control section (30) includes a control microcomputer (35), which turns off the LED modules (42, 43) in response to the turn-off instruction signal received by the remote control light receiving section (45) and, after a certain period of time has passed, causes the LED modules (42, 43) to light up or blink according to a predetermined pattern in order to notify a user that a power supply is in a standby state.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a street lighting device with a first light source for illuminating the street plane from above is provided. The device may include a second light source located at a closer position to the street plane than said first light source; a sensor sensitive to the occurrence of conditions of reduced ambient visibility; and a controller connected to said sensor and capable of activating said second light source in the presence of said conditions of reduced ambient visibility.

Abstract: A pixel circuit includes a driving transistor, a switching transistor, and a light emitting element, and the light emitting elements are formed on a semiconductor substrate. A first substrate potential is supplied to the switching transistor, and a second substrate potential, different from the first substrate potential, is supplied to the driving transistor.

Abstract: A high-efficiency Alternating Current (AC)-driven Light-Emitting Diode (LED) module includes a full-wave rectification unit, an LED unit, at least one instantaneous current control unit, and at least one input power compensation unit. The full-wave rectification unit rectifies commercial supply voltage. The LED unit is configured such that LEDS connected in series are arranged separately or in groups. The instantaneous current control unit sequentially controls the sections of the LEDs connected in series. The input power compensation unit actively controls variations in input current and power attributable to variations in input voltage. The full-wave rectification unit, the LED unit, the instantaneous current control unit, and the input power compensation unit are formed of a one-board module (ASIC) or an Integrated Circuit (IC).

Abstract: An LED luminescence apparatus includes a plurality of LED units connected in series which are configured to receive a unidirectional ripple voltage, a plurality of switch units, one end of each being connected to the cathode of one of the plurality of LED units, a plurality of constant current control circuit units, one end of each being connected to an another end of a respective switch unit to receive a current from the respective switch unit, each of the constant current control circuit units being configured to output a current control signal to the respective switch unit to control a magnitude of the received current to have a specific value, and a current comparison unit to receive currents flowing from the plurality of switching units, and generate a plurality of switching control signals for the respective switch units to sequentially drive the plurality of constant current control circuit units.

Abstract: A circuit for driving multiple light emitting diodes (LEDs) includes at least two sets of LEDs, each set comprised of one or more LEDs in series. The circuit further includes a single inductor connected in series with the two sets of LEDs. At least one set of LEDs is connected to a shunting transistor connected in parallel with the set of LEDs. The duty cycle of the shunting transistor is controlled by a single controller connected to the shunting transistor and the inductor.

Abstract: An LED backlight drive circuit comprises a plurality of LED lamp strings connected in parallel, a constant-current control circuit for controlling magnitudes of currents flowing through the LED lamp strings to be the same, and a plurality of constant-voltage units. The number of the constant-voltage units is the same as that of the LED lamp strings. The constant-voltage units are connected between the LED lamp strings and the constant-current control circuit respectively. Each constant-voltage units comprises an MOS transistor and a first operational amplifier. The MOS transistor has a drain connected to a cathode of a corresponding LED lamp strings, a gate connected to an output terminal of the first operational amplifier and a source connected to the constant-current control circuit. The first operational amplifier has a positive input terminal connected to a reference voltage and an inverting input terminal connected to the source of the MOS transistor.

Abstract: A lighting system including a lighting module that receives a digital instruction stream containing lighting instructions, extracts a portion of the stream, provides a remainder of the stream to a connected adjacent lighting module, and executes the extracted portion.

Abstract: A light-emitting diode (LED) luminescence apparatus configured to receive an alternating current (AC) power includes a plurality of LED units, and a plurality of constant current control units electrically connected to the plurality of LED units. The current control units are configured to control current flowing through each of the LED units so that the current has a specific magnitude.

Abstract: A driving circuit system for a gas discharge lamp includes a power circuit having a switch for converting an input voltage into a lamp voltage for driving the gas discharge lamp, a lamp current detecting circuit connected to the power circuit or the gas discharge lamp for detecting a lamp current, a feedback circuit connected to the lamp current detecting circuit for generating a lamp current feedback signal, a constant power control circuit for generating a corrected current reference signal, and a power control circuit connected to the feedback circuit, the constant power control circuit, and the switch of the power circuit for generating a first modulating signal in accordance with the lamp current feedback signal and the corrected current reference signal for driving the switch to turn on or off, thereby substantially maintaining a lamp power of the gas discharge lamp at a constant value.

Abstract: A light emitting element lighting device includes: a rectifying unit which rectifies an AC voltage; a smoothing unit which smoothes a ripple voltage from the rectifying unit; a power supply unit having a switching element; and a control unit which controls on/off of the switching element. Further, the smoothing unit servers as a partial smoothing circuit for partially smoothing a low voltage period of the ripple voltage outputted from the rectifying unit. The power supply unit supplies a lighting power to a light source unit including one or more light emitting elements. The control unit controls a switching frequency of the switching element to decrease as the output voltage of the smoothing unit decreases.

Abstract: A discharge lamp system includes a discharge lamp, a power source, a converter, a lamp state signal detection module and a controller. The power source provides a DC power. The converter converts the DC power into a current required by the discharge lamp. The lamp state signal detection module receives a lamp state signal and outputs a lamp state detection signal. The controller processes the lamp state detection signal and a given synchronization signal to generate an average lamp current signal and a pulse current signal, and then processes the average lamp current signal and the pulse current signal to generate a control signal. The controller performs current control of the discharge lamp through the converter according to the control signal. Furthermore, a method for controlling a discharge lamp is also disclosed herein.

Abstract: An illumination apparatus includes a power supply, a pulse width modulation (PWM) circuit, a switching unit, and an illuminating unit. The power supply supplies a supply voltage to the PWM circuit and the illuminating unit. The PWM circuit outputs a first level voltage by being fully charged by the voltage of the power supply and outputs a second level voltage by being fully discharged. The switching unit is turned off according to the first level voltage and controls the illuminating unit to stop emitting light. The switching unit is turned on according to the second level voltage and controls the illuminating unit to emit light.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present disclosure relates to a self identifying light source including an emitter that produces visible light; and an autonomous modulator in electrical communication with the emitter that automatically and continually modulates the visible light produced by the emitter, wherein the modulated visible light represents an identification code of the light source. In some embodiments, the emitter is a light emitting diode (LED) and further comprising an LED driver that provides a specified voltage and current to each LED in the light source.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present disclosure relates to a self identifying single wavelength light source including an emitter that produces a single wavelength of visible light; and an autonomous modulator in electrical communication with the emitter that automatically and continually modulates the single wavelength of visible light produced by the emitter, wherein the modulated single wavelength of visible light represents an identification code of the light source. In some embodiments, the emitter is a light emitting diode (LED) and further includes an LED driver that provides a specified voltage and current to each LED in the light source. In some embodiments, the emitter can be a blue light emitting diode (LED).

Abstract: In one aspect, the present disclosure relates to a dimmable beacon light source for a light based positioning system. In some embodiments, the light source includes a dimmer control switch configured to generate a dimmer signal having a desired light output level, a dimmable driver for controlling the light output of the light source, and a modulator for receiving the dimmer signal from the dimmer control switch, generating a digital pulse recognition signal by controlling the frequency of the dimmer signal to a desired frequency value, and transmitting the digital pulse recognition signal to the dimmable driver to drive the light output of the light source. In some embodiments, the digital pulse recognition signal is a pulse width modulated signal. In some embodiments, the digital pulse recognition signal has a duty cycle based on the dimmer signal.

Abstract: A state cycling apparatus uses a capacitor instead of complicated and expensive microcontroller to fulfill a state cycling function of a system. The state cycling apparatus includes an internal circuit in the system connected to the capacitor. In a first embodiment, the internal circuit reads the voltage level on the capacitor at power on to determine a current state for the system, and writes the voltage level corresponding to a next state of the system to the capacitor. In a second embodiment, the system reads the state data stored in the internal circuit to determine a current state for the system at power on, the capacitor is charged during the system is under power on, and the capacitor provides power for the internal circuit to store a state data after the system is powered off.

Abstract: A state cycling apparatus uses a capacitor instead of complicated and expensive microcontroller to fulfill a state cycling function of a system. The state cycling apparatus includes an internal circuit in the system connected to the capacitor. In a first embodiment, the internal circuit reads the voltage level on the capacitor at power on to determine a current state for the system, and writes the voltage level corresponding to a next state of the system to the capacitor. In a second embodiment, the system reads the state data stored in the internal circuit to determine a current state for the system at power on, the capacitor is charged during the system is under power on, and the capacitor provides power for the internal circuit to store a state data after the system is powered off.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present disclosure related to a method for modifying a beacon light source for use in a light-based positioning system. In some embodiments, the method includes selecting a modulation scheme for the light source, determining a duty cycle for the light source based on the modulation scheme, the duty cycle having a proportion of time the light source is in an on state and a corresponding proportion of time the light source is in an off state, the proportion of time the light source is in an off state resulting in reduced luminosity of the light source, and supplying additional power to the light source to compensate for the reduced luminosity of the light source by the duty cycle.

Abstract: An LED drive circuit is an LED dive circuit that receives an alternating voltage to drive an LED, and includes a current remove portion that removes a current from a current supply line that supplies an LED drive current to the LED. If an input current to the LED drive circuit is an unnecessary current, the LED does not light because of current removal by the current remove portion. If the input current to the LED drive circuit turns into the LED drive current from the unnecessary current, the current remove portion decreases the amount of current removed.

Abstract: A load control device is able to receive radio-frequency (RF) signals from a Wi-Fi-enabled device, such as a smart phone, via a wireless local area network. The load control device comprises a controllably conductive device adapted to be coupled in series between an AC power source and an electrical load, a controller for rendering the controllably conductive device conductive and non-conductive, and a Wi-Fi module operable to receive the RF signals from the wireless network. The controller controls the controllably conductive device to adjust the power delivered to the load in response to the wireless signals received from the wireless network. The load control device may further comprise an optical module operable to receive an optical signal, such that the controller may obtain an IP address from the received optical signal and control the power delivered to the load in response to a wireless signal that includes the IP address.

Abstract: A light source module includes first and second light sources. The first light source includes a blue light-emitting body emitting blue light and a red fluorescent material disposed around the blue light-emitting body emitting red light by virtue of being excited by the blue light. The second light source is disposed adjacent to the first light source, and includes a green light-emitting body emitting green light. The blue and green light-emitting materials may include a light-emitting diode (LED) chip including substantially the same material. Accordingly, since a variation of light efficiency of the light source module with respect to temperature is small, a color feedback system may be omitted, and color reproducibility may be high.

Abstract: An LED lighting device includes: a power source unit for supplying the DC output voltage to a light-emitting diode; a control unit for adjusting the DC output voltage; and a control power source unit for supplying a control power to the control unit. The control power source unit generates the control power with the DC output voltage and has: a current-limiting resistor for limiting an electric current that flows from the power source unit to the control unit; a constant voltage unit for converting a voltage to be applied to the control unit through the current-limiting resistor unit to a constant voltage; and a switching unit for switching a resistance value of the current-limiting resistor unit among a plurality of resistance values.

Abstract: A driver system for driving a plurality of LED includes a control module having an input for receiving operating data, and at least one driver module for driving at least one of the LED. The driver module includes a hysteretical converter for generating a current to power the LED, and a controller electrically connected to the hysteretical converter for controlling the hysteretical converter.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a LED dimming method and a LED dimming system, wherein the LED dimming method comprises the following steps: A: calculating the equivalent current flowing through the LED in accordance with the duty cycle message of the input PWM signal; and B: regulating the current flowing through the LED to the equivalent current. Because the equivalent current flowing through the LED is calculated by the duty cycle message D of the input PWM signal while the duty cycle is not actually regulated, the present invention realizes the aim that the dimming uniformity is improved by linearly regulating the current flowing through the LED. Meanwhile, transformer noise will not be generated because current flows through the transformer in the overall dimming cycle.

Abstract: An electronic ballast includes an inverter circuit, a variable inductor unit and a control circuit. The variable inductor unit is electrically coupled between the inverter circuit and an illumination device. The control circuit controls the variable inductor unit according to an operation mode of the inverter circuit such that an equivalent inductance of the variable inductor unit has a variation fed back to the inverter circuit, to further change the operation mode of the inverter circuit. An illumination apparatus and a method for protecting the electronic ballast are also disclosed.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for lighting systems, including high output lighting systems for various environments. The lighting systems include a lighting controller for driving lighting modules and transmitting a data signal to the lighting modules. The data signal varies between logical states. The lighting controller provides a low loss rectified power signal. The lighting controller further provides data within the power signal by forming a positive polarity rectified power waveform corresponding to data in a first state and a negative polarity rectified waveform signal corresponding to data in a second state using substantially loss-less circuitry.

Abstract: An automatic work light control is provided for a work vehicle. The work light may be automatically turned off when a work tool is at or beyond a predetermined height or angle and automatically turned off when the work tool is within the predetermined height or angle.

Abstract: First and second inverters are each controlled based on pulse width modulation using a carrier signal. In order to decrease the noise caused by the first inverter and the second inverter, a frequency of a carrier signal of the first inverter and a frequency of a carrier signal of the second inverter are controlled. The frequency of the carrier signal of the first inverter is changed periodically or randomly within a first preset frequency range as time elapses. The frequency of the carrier signal of the second inverter is changed periodically or randomly within a second preset frequency range to avoid overlapping the first frequency range.

Abstract: An injection molding machine according to the invention includes a motor, a driver circuit that drives the motor; and a rectifying part that supplies electric power to the driver circuit. A regenerative line for regenerative electric power of the motor is connected to the rectifying part in parallel. A converting part and a harmonics component reducing part are provided in the regenerative line. The converting part converts direct electric power between the driver circuit and the rectifying part into alternating electric power which is input to the harmonics component reducing part.

Abstract: A relay device includes: an electromagnet constituted by a metallic core and an electrical winding associated therewith; and a mobile anchor associated with a traction spring and suitable for oscillating around a respective axis of oscillation in response to the combined action of an electromagnetic attraction force, generated by the electromagnet and intended to attract the anchor towards the core, and an elastic recovery force, exerted by the spring and intended to move the anchor away from the core and make it return to an initial position, so as to open or close selectively via the anchor a contact or switch of an external electrical circuit, wherein the anchor has a balanced or equilibrium configuration in which its centre of gravity is arranged substantially along the axis of oscillation, and thereby the masses of various portions anchor portions are distributed in a balanced manner around the same axis of oscillation.

Abstract: A converter module for a variable speed drive having a semiconductor device for precharge is described. The precharge circuit includes switching modules, one switching module with a first semiconductor switch connected in parallel or series with a second semiconductor switch. The second semiconductor switch is switched on and off during the precharge operation in order to limit the inrush current into the DC Link. After the precharge operation, the second semiconductor switch is turned on all the time and acts like a diode. The second semiconductor device may have a lower maximum current rating than the main semi-conductor devices. The lower current rated semiconductor device experience the same short circuit current as the higher current rated semiconductor device. The lower current rated semiconductor device can be supplied with a larger gate to emitter voltage than the higher current rated semiconductor device to equalize current between semiconductor devices.

Abstract: An estimated torque constant calculation unit calculates an estimated torque constant relating to the permanent magnet synchronous motor from a current representative value and an acceleration representative value acquired from a plurality of current values and a plurality of acceleration values in the same operation state over a plurality of periods of a sinusoidal command signal and a predetermined inertia relating to the permanent magnet synchronous motor. A demagnetization detection unit detects whether or not irreversible demagnetization has occurred in the permanent magnet of the permanent magnet synchronous motor based on a difference between the estimated torque constant and a predetermined torque constant relating to the permanent magnet synchronous motor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a brushless-motor drive apparatus provided with: a current detecting means (6) for detecting currents flowing through armature windings (9) during periods when switching elements (5H, 5L) of a drive circuit are ON; a calculation processing means for comparing a target current value and the detected current value, and calculating voltage command values to be applied to the armature windings (9); and a PWM driving means (4) for controlling the ON/OFF of the switching elements on the basis of the voltage command values.

Abstract: An injection molding machine includes a motor; a driver circuit; a rectifying part; a capacitor provided between the driver circuit and the rectifying part; a bridge circuit that converts direct electric power between the driver circuit and the rectifying part into alternating electric power; a harmonics component reducing part connected to an alternating side of the bridge circuit; and a regenerative line connected to the rectifying part in parallel, wherein the bridge circuit and the harmonics component reducing part are provided in the regenerative line, and plural switching elements of the bridge circuit are turned on or off such that electric power of the motor is regenerated when a voltage of the capacitor is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, and all the switching elements are turned off when the voltage of the capacitor is less than the predetermined value.

Abstract: A control system for a motor includes an inverter coupled to the motor. The control system further includes a microcontroller coupled to the inverter. The microcontroller includes a processor programmed to measure an input voltage and acquire a back EMF voltage of the motor. The processor is also programmed to control the inverter to regulate the motor voltage based on the input voltage and the back EMF voltage to facilitate controlling the motor.

Abstract: A sinusoidal command is added to a torque command of a controller to acquire a velocity and a current value of an electric motor. An estimated coupling torque value is calculated by calculating an input torque value from the current value and a torque constant of the electric motor and further calculating a coupling torque value from a velocity difference, motor inertia, and the input torque. An estimated torque error is then calculated from the estimated coupling torque value and the coupling torque value, and inertia, friction, and a spring constant are estimated from the estimated torque error, the velocity, and the coupling torque value.

Abstract: A control device that drives one driven object by a first motor and a second motor. A first processor has a first correction amount calculation unit configured to calculate an amount of correction for a torque command to the first motor based on a speed value difference between a speed value of the first motor and a speed value of the second motor in order to suppress vibrations. A second processor has a second correction amount calculation unit configured to calculate an amount of correction for a torque command to the second motor based on a speed value difference between a speed value of the first motor and a speed value of the second motor in order to suppress vibrations.