Abstract: An X-raydetector (1) is proposed comprising a light detection arrangement (3) such as a CMOS photodetector, a scintillator layer (5) such as a CsI:T1 layer, a reflector layer (9) and a light emission layer (7) interposed between the scintillator layer (5) and the reflector layer (9). The light emission layer (7) may comprise an OLED and may be made with a thickness of less than 50 ?m. Thereby, a sensitivity and resolution of the X-raydetector may be improved.

Abstract: A charged particle beam drawing apparatus of an embodiment includes: a drawing unit to perform drawing on a workpiece on a stage by using a charged particle beam; multiple marks located on the stage and having different heights; an irradiation position detector to, when any of the marks is irradiated with the charged particle beam, detect an irradiation position of the charged particle beam on a mark surface of the mark; a drift-amount calculation unit to calculate a drift amount of the charged particle beam on the mark surface by using the irradiation position; a drift-amount processing unit to obtain a drift amount on a workpiece surface by using the drift amounts on at least two of the mark surfaces; and a drawing controller to correct an is irradiation position of the charged particle beam by using the drift amount on the workpiece surface.

Abstract: A grid assembly coupled to a discharge chamber of an ion beam source is configured for steering ion beamlets emitted from the discharge chamber at circularly asymmetrically determined steering angles. The grid assembly includes at least first and a second grid with a substantially circular pattern of holes, wherein each grid comprises holes positioned adjacent to one another. A plurality of the holes of the second grid is positioned with offsets relative to corresponding holes in the first grid. Due to the offsets in the holes in the second grid, ions passing through the offset holes are electrostatically attracted towards the closest circumferential portion of the downstream offset holes. Thus, the trajectories of ions passing through the offset holes are altered. The beamlet is steered by predetermined asymmetric angles. The predetermined steering angles are dependent upon the hole offsets, voltage applied to the grids, and the distance between the grids.

Abstract: A compact analyzer includes a flow cell having a flow channel through which a sample is made to pass. First and second light sources are arranged to emit first and second excitation light into first and second overlapping portions of the flow channel, respectively. The first excitation light stimulates a first light emission from particles of a first particle type that may be present in the sample; the second excitation light stimulates a second light emission from particles of a second particle type. A detector receives the first and second light emission from the corresponding particles present in the sample in a detection portion of the flow channel, and provides a detector output based on the received light emission. The light sources are modulated at different frequencies so that a frequency analysis of the detector output can provide separate information about the first and second particle types.

Abstract: A fluorescence sensor includes a silicon substrate on which a PD element that converts fluorescence into an electric signal is formed, an LED substrate having a first principal plane on which an LED element that generates excitation light is formed, a reflective film that averages a light amount distribution of the excitation light radiated from a second principal plane of the LED substrate, and an indicator layer that receives the excitation light averaged by the reflective film and generates the fluorescence having a light amount corresponding to an analyte amount.

Abstract: An analyzer includes a flow cell having a flow channel through which a sample passes. A light source excites at least a first particle type in the sample in one or more excitation region(s), and a detector detects light emitted by the excited particle. A spatial filter defines detection regions, wherein light emitted by the particle is transmitted to the detector, and interspersed shielded regions, wherein such light is at least partially blocked from reaching the detector. The light emitted by the excited particle has a response time ?1, and the sample may also contain a component that is excited by the light source and that has a response time ?2<?1. The excitation region(s) and the detection regions are arranged to provide a time delay between excitation and detection, the time delay tailored to isolate light emitted by the first particle from light emitted by the component.

Abstract: For determining the distribution of a substance, a measuring front is formed of a first and a second optical signal. Intensities of the first and second optical signals, over a depth of the measuring front which is smaller than the diffraction limit at the wavelengths of the first and second optical signals, increase so steeply that a portion of the substance in a measurement state in which a measurement signal is available from the substance increases from essentially zero due to transferring the substance by means of the first optical signal into the measurement state, and decreases to essentially zero again due to transferring the substance by means of the second optical signal back out of the measurement state. The measuring front is moved over a measurement region. The measurement signal is recorded for different positions of the measuring front in the measurement region and assigned to these positions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a clustered substrate processing system comprising a plurality of lithography elements. Each lithography element is arranged for independent exposure of substrates according to pattern data, and comprises a plurality of lithography subsystems, a control network arranged for communication of control information between the lithography subsystems and at least one element control unit, the element control unit arranged to transmit commands to the lithography subsystems and the lithography subsystems arranged to transmit responses to the element control unit, and a data network arranged for communication of data logging information from the lithography subsystems to at least one data network hub, the lithography subsystems arranged to transmit data logging information to the data network hub and the data hub arranged for receiving and storing the data logging information. The system further comprises a cluster front-end for interface to an operator or host system.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes an electric valve that can be transferred into a closed state in response to a closing signal. In order to increase the tightness of the electric valve, the refrigerator includes a valve driver unit which is designed to subject the electric valve in the closed state to a sequence of closing signals.

Abstract: The invention relates to a valve comprising a valve housing having a valve inlet and outlet, a valve seat arranged in the direction or flow of the fluid between the valve inlet and outlet, a closure means which is movably arranged in the valve housing and has a first side and a second side, wherein the closure means closes off the valve seat tightly when the valve is in the closed state, a balancing opening for producing a pressure compensation between the first side and the second side of the closure means, and at least one control actuator, wherein the control actuator closes off the balancing opening of the closure means in a closed position and frees the balancing opening of the closure means in an open position so that the closure means frees the valve seat as a result of a pressure compensation via the balancing opening

Abstract: A quick release connector has a body, a positioning mount, a sealing valve and an outer sleeve. The body is hollow and has a threaded end, a connecting end, an air inlet chamber, a mounting recess, a threaded segment, a sealing ring and a pressing ring. The positioning mount is detachably connected to the body and has a fixing end, an inserting end, an air outlet chamber, a returning spring, multiple ball holes and multiple balls. The sealing valve is movably mounted between the body and the positioning mount, selectively abuts the sealing ring of the body and has a closed end, an open end and at lease one air inlet. The outer sleeve is slidably mounted between the body and the positioning mount and has a mounting end, a pushing end, an internal surface, a spring recess, a holding recess and a pressing spring.

Abstract: A method of producing by moulding a valve device, the valve device comprising a housing, which surrounds a flow duct portion, and additionally comprising a valve accommodated on the housing and movable relative thereto such that, by relative adjustment of the valve relative to the housing, the effective flow area of the flow duct portion is modifiable, wherein the housing and the valve already accommodated thereon are formed shapingly in a moulding tool in a common moulding step from a flowable moulding compound, with one-piece formation of a moulding material membrane, together with the valve and the housing, the moulding material membrane being provided between an outer valve portion, and a housing portion surrounding the valve portion, in a shut-off position of the valve relative to the housing, in which shut-off position the flow area of the flow duct portion is as a rule minimal.

Abstract: An overmolding ball valve contains a body including a hole and a control lever; a first housing covered on the body and including two first orifices, a second orifice to correspond to the control lever, the body being received in the first housing, the control lever extending out of the second orifice so that the body is capable of rotating in the first housing; a second housing to cover the body and the first housing being injection molded and including a chamber, two channels disposed on the chamber to correspond to the two ends of the hole individually, and a seat secured on another end of the chamber to correspond to the control lever, the body and the first housing being fixed in a mold to injection mold the second housing, the body and first housing are located at the chamber, and the control level extending out of the seat.

Abstract: A shuttle valve 8 includes a valve body 9, a shuttle 10, and an actuator mechanism 11. The shuttle valve 8 includes inlet ports 37 and 39 and outlet port 40. The shuttle 10 moves between first and second at rest positions to selectively connect one of the inlet ports to the outlet port and isolate the other inlet port from the outlet port. The actuator mechanism 11 includes first and second springs 63 and 66 and moves the shuttle 10 from one of its positions to another when a set pressure differential is attained between the inlet ports. The actuator mechanism 11 moves a partial stroke distance to move the shuttle 10 between its at rest positions and moves a full stroke distance to additionally open fluid communication between one of the inlet ports and the shuttle 10.

Abstract: A shutoff valve, e.g., an engine shutoff valve, is provided which includes a valve body having a fluid, e.g., air, passage and a disc assembly. The disc assembly is pivotable within the fluid passage from an open position to provide for free flow of fluid through the passage, to a closed position to provide a substantially closed off the fluid passage. The disc assembly includes a front disc, a rear disc, and a seal, e.g., a spring energized PTFE seal, disposed between the front disc and the rear disc. The front disc is permanently secured, e.g., welded, soldered or brazed, to the rear disc such that the seal is captured between the front disc and the rear disc.

Abstract: A ball valve which can suppress the increasing of processing labor time and reliably prevent simultaneous rotation of a ball seat and a ball when the ball is rotated by handle manipulation is provided. The valve body 2 is formed of a hard material such as stainless steel, the ball seat is formed of a relatively soft material such as a fluorine resin, and a protrusion 18 is formed on a ball seat support surface 13 of the valve body 2 made of a hard material so as to bite into the ball seat 4.

Abstract: A device for reducing drips from a nozzle comprising a valve body comprising a frusto-conical outer surface, a first aperture that receives the stem of a movable valve closure mechanism, and one or more additional apertures that allow fluids to flow through the valve body when the valve is opened. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the spring biased movable valve closure mechanism comprises a stem extending in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the valve body, a frusto-conical valve head that maintains a fluid barrier seal with the outer surface, and a spring that biases the valve closure mechanism in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the valve body.

Abstract: A nanoheterostructure includes a first inorganic component and a second inorganic component one of which is a matrix, and the other of which is three-dimensionally and periodically arranged in the matrix, and has a three-dimensional periodic structure whose average value of one unit length of a repeated structure is 1 nm to 100 nm.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heat transfer medium including a mixture containing elemental sulphur and at least one additive and a use of the heat transfer medium. A heat transfer medium including a mixture containing elemental sulphur and at least one additive is indicated. The heat transfer medium is characterized in that the additive includes at least one halogenated hydrocarbon. The halogenated hydrocarbon is, in particular, a chlorinated and/or brominated paraffin. The heat transfer medium is used for reversible energy storage. The heat transfer medium is preferably used for operating a solar thermal power station for converting solar energy into electric energy. Sunlight is converted into heat energy of the heat transfer medium.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is provided that has both good safety and durability characteristics while at the same time has high charge/discharge capacity. The cathode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention is a lithium nickel composite oxide to which at least two or more kinds of metal elements including aluminum are added, and comprises secondary particles that are composed of fine secondary particles having an average particle size of 2 ?m to 4 ?m, and rough secondary particles having an average particle size of 6 ?m to 15 ?m, with an overall average particle size of 5 ?m to 15 ?m; where the aluminum content of fine secondary particles (metal mole ratio; SA) is greater than the aluminum content of rough secondary particles (metal mole ratio: LA), and preferably the aluminum concentration ratio (SA/LA) is within the range 1.2 to 2.6.

Abstract: A nucleating agent composition for increasing rigidity and toughness of polypropylene is provided. The nucleating agent composition comprises a carboxylate nucleating agent and a phosphate nucleating agent. The carboxylate nucleating agent is selected from the group consisting of sodium benzoate and hydroxyl aluminum para-tertiary butyl benzoate, and the phosphate nucleating agent is selected from any one of sodium 2,2?-methylene-di(4,6-di-t-butyl phenyl) phosphate and aluminum bis[2,2?-methylene-di(4,6-di-t-butylphenyl)] phosphate. The nucleating agent composition according to the present invention not only can significantly improve the bending modulus and thermal deformation temperature of polypropylene, but also can improve the impact strength of polypropylene.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition of a carboxyl-functionalized silicon-containing precursor compound of at least two different organic acids, said composition having two, three, or four carboxyl groups functionalized with various hydrocarbon groups according to formula I and/or II. Said carboxyl groups can be released as carboxylic acids and can be used as silane hydrolysis catalysts and/or silane condensation catalysts. The invention further relates to methods for producing the composition, to the use of the composition for cross-linking polymers, and to a formulation of the composition in the form of a masterbatch.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium, characterised in that it contains a polymerisable component (A) containing one more polymerisable compounds and a liquid-crystalline component (B) containing one more compounds of the general formula I and/or IA in which R0, X0 and L1-6 have the meanings indicated in Claim 1, and to the use thereof in electro-optical liquid-crystal displays.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical switch element, comprising a liquid-crystalline medium for the temperature-dependent regulation of radiant energy flow. The invention furthermore relates to the use of the optical switch element for the regulation of radiant energy flow between interior spaces and the environment and for the regulation of the temperature of interior spaces. The invention furthermore relates to a liquid-crystalline medium, characterised in that it comprises 5-95% of a compound of the formula (I), in particular for use in the optical switch elements according to the invention.

Abstract: Aluminate fluorescent materials and preparation methods thereof are provided. The fluorescent materials include a core and a shell coating the core. The core is metal nano particle, the shell is fluorescent powder represented by the following chemical formula: (Ce1-xTbx)MgAl11O19, wherein 0<x?0.7. The aluminate fluorescent materials with high luminous efficiency are not only uniform in the aspect of particle size distribution, but also are stable in the aspect of structure. The preparation methods which have simple technique and low pollution are appropriate to be used in industry.

Abstract: To provide a semiconductor device member that is superior in heat resistance, light resistance, film-formation capability and adhesion, and is capable of sealing a semiconductor device and holding a phosphor without causing cracks, peelings and colorings even after used for a long period of time, the weight loss at the time of heating, measured by a predetermined weight-loss at-the-time-of-heating measurement method, is 50 weight % or lower and the ratio of peeling, measured by a predetermined adhesion evaluation method, is 30% or lower, in the semiconductor device member.

Abstract: Suggested are solvent compositions, comprising (a) Carboxylic acid dialkyl amides (b) Fatty acids or their salts, and (c) Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymers.

Abstract: Systems and methods for starting a gasifier are provided. In the method, a heated start-up medium can be fed to a gasifier operating at a first temperature. Heat can be transferred from the heated start-up medium to the gasifier to increase the temperature of the gasifier from the first temperature to an intermediate temperature sufficient to auto-ignite a start-up fuel. A start-up fuel and an oxidant can be fed to the gasifier after the temperature within the gasifier is increased to the intermediate temperature. At least a portion of the start-up fuel can be combusted within the gasifier to produce a combustion gas. Heat can be transferred from the combustion gas to the gasifier to increase the temperature of the gasifier to an operating temperature, wherein the operating temperature is sufficient to gasify at least a portion of a hydrocarbon feedstock.

Abstract: A mixing device for a fuel reformer for mixing at least two fluids is provided. The mixing device includes at least a first plurality of holes which is arranged along a first row, and a second plurality of holes which is arranged along a second row. The mixing device can be used in a fuel reformer for converting hydrocarbon fuel into hydrogen rich gas by auto-thermal reaction process having a, preferably cylindrically shaped and double walled, housing with two side walls forming a reaction chamber of the fuel reformer, wherein hydrocarbon fuel and an oxidizing agent are mixed by the mixing device.

Abstract: OLED compounds of the general structure: B—S-A-S—B in which rod-like nuclei A includes a condensed aromatic ring structure in turn having fluorene ring structures condensed with at least one additional fluorene ring structures wherein the fluorene ring systems provided by the condensed aromatic structure are substituted at the 9-position, and in which the 9-positions of the fluorenes are not susceptible to oxidation.

Abstract: Disclosed is an organic electronic material comprising charge transporting compounds and ionic compounds having electron-accepting properties and high solubility in a solvent. The organic electronic material is characterized by comprising charge transporting compounds and ionic compounds, and in that at least one of the ionic compounds is any one kind of compounds represented by general formulas (1b)-(3b). (In the formulas Y1-Y6 each independently represent a divalent linking group, R1-R6 each independently represent an electron-attracting organic substituent (these structures can further have substituents and hetero-atoms, and R1, R2 and R3, or, R4-R6 can respectively combine and become a ring shape or a polymer shape) and L+ represents a monovalent cation.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a thermoplastic VDF polymer composition comprising: at least one thermoplastic vinylidene fluoride (VDF) polymer comprising at least 85% by moles of recurring units derived from VDF; and at least one ethylene/chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE) polymer, wherein said ECTFE polymer possesses a melting point of less than 210° C. and it is comprised in an amount of from 0.1 to 20% wt with respect to the total weight of VDF polymer and ECTFE polymer. The invention also pertains to a process for making the VDF polymer and to the uses thereof for manufacturing films, in particular transparent films.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for plasma deposition of thin film photovoltaic materials at microwave frequencies. The apparatus avoids deposition on windows that couple microwave energy to deposition species. The apparatus includes a microwave applicator with one or more conduits that carry deposition species. The applicator transfers microwave energy to the deposition species to energize them to a reactive state. The conduits physically isolate deposition species that would react or otherwise combine to form a thin film material at the point of microwave power transfer and deliver the microwave-excited species to a deposition chamber. Supplemental material streams may be delivered to the deposition chamber without passing through the microwave applicator and may combine with deposition species exiting the conduits to form a thin film material. Precursors for the microwave-excited deposition species include fluorinated forms of silicon.

Abstract: An electrode for an electrochemical capacitor including a carbon material that is doped and two types of conductive materials with different particle sizes, and an electrochemical capacitor including the same. The doped carbon material is used as the active material and the two types of conductive materials with different particle sizes are added between the active materials with a relatively large particle size, so that the electrode with high density can be prepared by increasing the amount of active material per unit volume, and can be efficiently used in a low resistance and high output electrochemical capacitor by increasing the filling density of the conductive material with excellent conductivity.

Abstract: Xanthan gum has been found to be a superior binder for binding an electrode, especially an anode, in a lithium-ion or lithium-sulfur battery, being able to accommodate large volume changes and providing stable capacities in batteries tested with different types of anode materials.

Abstract: Provided is a method of preparing a complex of a transition metal oxide and carbon nanotube. The method includes (a) dispersing carbon nanotube powder in a solvent, (b) mixing the dispersion with a transition metal salt, and (c) synthesizing a complex of transition metal oxide and carbon nanotube by applying microwave to the mixed solution. The method may considerably reduce the time required to synthesize the complex. In the complex of transition metal oxide and carbon nanotube prepared by the method, the transition metal oxide may be stacked on the surface of the carbon nanotube in the size of a nanoparticle, and may enhance charge/discharge characteristics when being applied to a lithium secondary battery as an anode material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a semiconductive polyolefin composition comprising graphene nanoplatelets. It also relates to a semiconductive polyolefin composition comprising the combination of graphene nanoplatelets and carbon black. Moreover, the present invention is related to a process for producing the semiconductive polyolefin composition as well to the use of the semiconductive polyolefin composition in a power cable. Further, the invention is also related to an article, preferably a power cable comprising at least one semiconductive layer comprising said polyolefin composition.

Abstract: A bipolar plate for a redox flow battery that uses an electrically conductive composite having excellent mechanical strength, plasticity, and liquid-blocking property, and higher electrical conductivity is provided. The bipolar plate includes an electrically conductive composite prepared by mixing a thermoplastic resin, a carbonaceous material selected from graphite and carbon black, and a carbon nano-tube, in which a carbonaceous material content is 20 to 150 parts by weight and a carbon nano-tube content is 1 to 10 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an electroconductive thick film paste composition comprising Ag and a lead-tellurium-lithium-titanium-oxide both dispersed in an organic medium. The present invention is further directed to an electrode formed from the paste composition and a semiconductor device and, in particular, a solar cell comprising such an electrode.

Abstract: A method is provided for preparing luminescent semiconductor nanoparticles composed of a first component X, a second component A, and a third component B, wherein X, A, and B are different, by combining B with X and A in an amount such that the molar ratio B:(A+B) is in the range of approximately 0.001 to 0.20 and the molar ratio X:(A+B) is in the range of approximately 0.5:1.0 to 2:1. The characteristics of these nanoparticles can be substantially similar to those of nanoparticles containing only X and B while maintaining many useful properties characteristic of nanoparticles containing only X and A; and can additionally exhibit emergent properties such as a peak emission energy less than that characteristic of a particle composed of XA or XB alone. This method is particularly applicable to the preparation of stable, bright nanoparticles that emit in the red to infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a colored translucent zirconia sintered body having red color and high translucency. The present invention relates to a zirconia sintered body, characterized by containing 6 to 30 mo % of yttria and 0.1 to 5 mol % of cerium oxide in terms of CeO2, the cerium oxide containing an oxide of trivalent cerium. The zirconia sintered body of the present invention has, in addition of high hardness, diamond luster based on high refractive index inherent in zirconia, deep red color and transparency.

Abstract: A manipulation tool for a bellows includes a first arm and a first engaging member extending from the first arm. The first engaging member is configured to be removably engaged with an outer axial surface of a first flange portion of the bellows. The manipulation tool for the bellows further includes a second arm movably positioned with respect to the first arm along a longitudinal axis of the bellows, and a second engaging member extending from the second arm. The second engaging member is configured to be removably engaged with an outer axial surface of a second flange portion of the bellows.

Abstract: A lifting device for scissor lifts, in particular for raising motor vehicles, which during the starting phase of the lifting movement requires a reduced force for raising. The lifting device for scissor lifts includes at least two scissor arms which cross one another, a linear actuator for raising a scissor arm, a double lever joint which is pivotably mounted on a scissor arm; wherein the double lever joint couples the lifting movement of the linear actuator to at least one scissor arm.

Abstract: A hand-operated vacuum pulling device includes a shank, over which a backward ram is slidable fit. The shank has a front end to which a suction cup is attached and a rear end to which a handgrip defining a cylinder and having a pressure relief seat is attached. The pressure relief seat forms a ram stop at a joint thereof with the shank. The handgrip has a rear end to which a ring-shaped cover assembly is attached. The piston assembly is manually operable to induce a vacuum inside the cylinder. And then, the ring-shaped cover assembly can be manually operated to pull the piston assembly backward for repeated operation of the piston assembly to thereby make a spring contained in the piston assembly stiffer and increase the suction power of the suction cup. The backward ram can be quickly moved backward to impact the ram stop for improving pulling effect.

Abstract: A hand tool includes an elongated plunger assembly and a locking assembly. The locking assembly has a catch assembly with a release actuator. The release actuator is movable in a direction generally not aligned with the tool head plane of motion. The locking assembly catch member is structured to engage the plunger assembly body and maintain the plunger assembly body in a selected position. When the plunger assembly body is disposed within the tool head and a user desires to extend the plunger assembly, the user actuates the release actuator thereby removing the engagement of the catch member and allowing a socket spring to move the plunger assembly body to the extended position.

Abstract: A portable hoist adapted for attachment to a hand truck nose plate is disclosed. The hoist comprises an adapter that sandwiches the nose plate, and a hole or holes may be fabricated in the nose plate for securing hardware to be installed, such as a bolt, bolts, strap, etc. Receivers on the hoist hold removable, load supportive legs securely in place. Casters may be attached to legs to improve mobility. A jib assembly capable of several height settings remains reasonably level at all times when in use, making it ideal for tight spaces. The pivot point of the arm is at end of the mast opposite the adapter assembly, the other end attaching to the handle of the hand truck and securing with a latch. A winch attached to the arm provides a cable extending to and about a sheave or sheaves, terminating beyond the sheave carried at the free end of the jib boom. A brace on the mast allows the arm latch to secure when the arm is collapsed.

Abstract: A steel rope safety system includes at least one steel rope having at least one strand, and the at least one rope or at least one strand is compacted. Further, a method is provided for making a steel rope safety system comprising the step of providing at least two wires, the step of stranding the wires thereby forming a strand for a rope and the step of compacting the strand. The steel rope safety system includes a guardrail system having vertical poles and horizontal compacted ropes which are held in place by hooks. The steel rope safety system may include non-round shaped, such as trapezoidal shaped compacted wires. There is likewise provided the use of compacted steel ropes as impact reducing material.

Abstract: This invention relates to a barrier for fixing to an upper portion of a wall, the barrier comprising fixing means securable to the wall, and a barrier held by the fixing means that locates above the upper portion of the wall, wherein the barrier is removable from the fixing means to allow access to the upper portion of the wall as required. In one aspect, at least a portion of the barrier is moveable relative to a remainder of the barrier and between a first position where it is located above an upper edge of the wall, and a second position where access is then provided to the upper wall edge above which the movable barrier portion was previously positioned.

Abstract: A bracket system for forming gate assemblies comprising at least two brace members that are rigidly attached to hinge assemblies. The brace members are adapted to be attached to support members to form two corners of a gate box functioning as the structural portion of the gate assembly. The hinge assemblies are adapted to be rigidly attached to a fence post to allow the gate assembly to pivot relative to the fence post. Gate assemblies of arbitrary height and width can be formed using the bracket system.

Abstract: Some embodiments include memory cells. A memory cell may contain a switching region and an ion source region between a pair of electrodes. The switching region may be configured to reversibly retain a conductive bridge, with the memory cell being in a low resistive state when the conductive bridge is retained within the switching region and being in a high resistive state when the conductive bridge is not within the switching region. The memory cell may contain an ordered framework extending across the switching region to orient the conductive bridge within the switching region, with the framework remaining within the switching region in both the high resistive and low resistive states of the memory cell.